Background Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is an uncommon and life-threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a high mortality rate (estimated average 50%). The presence of respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis), a new drop in hemoglobin levels, and diffuse infiltrates on chest imaging should raise suspicion of this complication. Objectives We aimed to describe DAH-SLE patients and compare them with non-DAH SLE patients. Methods We conducted a single-center, case-control study that enrolled hospitalized patients between 2012 and 2020 in Colombia. Twenty-three DAH-SLE patients (cases) were matched by age and sex with 23 non-DAH-SLE patients (controls). Descriptive, comparative, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results In seven (30.4%) patients, DAH was the initial manifestation of SLE; 69.5% of DAH-SLE patients were females with a mean age of 35 years. Lupus nephritis was present in 65% of cases, mean hemoglobin decrease was 2.22 g/l [standard deviation (SD) 0.92 g/L], and 78% had hemosiderophages in bronchoalveolar lavage. All patients received intravenous (IV) pulses of methylprednisolone followed by high-dose steroids, 87.0% IV cyclophosphamide pulses, 60.8% plasmapheresis, 21.7% IV immunoglobulin, and 8.7% rituximab. Comparisons between DAH and non-DAH groups are shown in Table 1. Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male sex (OR 9.625 CI95% 1.07 - 86.17; p=0.043), higher SLEDAI-2K score (OR 1. 28 CI95% 1.10 - 1.48; p=0.001), and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (OR 1.09 CI95% 1.01 - 1.18; p=0.016) were independently associated with the occurrence of DAH, whereas prior use of corticosteroids (OR 0.029 CI95% 0.003 - 0.25; p=0.001) and antimalarials (OR 0.121 CI95% 0.03 - 0.45; p=0.002), higher hemoglobin levels (OR 0.457 CI95% 0.29 - 0.71; p=0.001), higher C3 (OR 0.94 CI95% 0.91 - 0.97; p<0.0001) and higher C4 levels (OR 0.87 CI95% 0.80 - 0.95; p=0.002) were negatively associated with DAH occurrence (Graph). Table 1. Demographic, clinical, serological, and therapeutic characteristics in DAH-SLE patients and non-DAH-SLE patients Variable Non-DHA SLE (n = 23) DHA SLE (n = 23) Female 95.6% 69.5% Age (years) 27.9 (SD 12.8) 34.82 (SD 17.3) Hospital stay (days)* 20.7 (SD 29.1) 34.39 (24.4) SLEDAI-2K* 6.17 (SD 5.9) 21.77 (12.5) Creatinine (mg/dL)* 2.5 (SD 3.7) 4.23 (SD 5.2) Leucocyte (cell/mm3) 8907 (5668) 9408 (5477) Neutrophil (cell/mm3) 7112 (5595) 8063 (5456) Lymphocyte (cell/mm3) 1236 (759) 952 (425) Hemoglobin (g/L) 10.5 (2.6) 6.9 (1.5) Ureic nitrogen (mg/dL)* 33.79 (SD 28.87) 45.73 (SD 25.64) ESR (mm/Hour) 51.5 (35.72) 64.65 (47.50) CPR (mg/dL)* 5.21 (SD 8.16) 12.42 (9.63) Ferritina (ng/mL) 509 (526) 891 (856) Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)* 314 (SD 114) 503 (SD 357) C3 (mg/dL)* 84.8 (SD 23.07) 44.84 (SD 27.91) C4 (mg/dL)* 20.5 (10.3) 9.5 (8.2) Anti-dsDNA 42.8% 71.4% Anti-Ro 38.8% 38.8% Anti-La 11.1% 10.5% Anti-RNP 44.4% 47.3% Anti- Sm 38.8% 35% IgG ACL 0 9% IgM ACL 10.5% 13.6% Lupus anticoagulant 33.3% 33.33% Mucocutaneous involvement 78.2% 69.5% Articular involvement 73.9% 60.8% Hematological involvement 86.9% 69.5% Renal involvement 91.3% 86.9% Serosal involvement 34.7% 26.1% Prior glucocorticoid* 95.6% 39.1% Prior antimalarial* 69.5% 21.7% Dead 4.3% 21.7% *P value < 0.05 Conclusion In about one-third of patients diagnosed with DAH, this life-threatening complication was the initial presentation of SLE. Male sex, higher SLEDAI-2K scores, and higher CRP levels were associated with DAH occurrence, whereas higher hemoglobin levels, elevated complement levels, prior use of glucocorticoids, and antimalarial treatment were negatively associated with the occurrence of DAH. Figure 1. Forest plot of factors associated with DHA-SLE patients. * *The Forest plot graph does not include the male sex variable due to its wide confidence intervals. Disclosure of Interests None declared

The objective of this study is to describe the frequency and the clinical, paraclinical, and treatment profile of patients with lupus psychosis in a Colombian cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This retrospective cohort study evaluated epidemiological and clinical characteristics, results of neuroimaging, analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid, treatment, and disease evolution in patients with lupus psychosis. Among 2,479 patients with SLE, six female patients aged between 20 and 50 years with a diagnosis of lupus psychosis were identified. In two patients, psychosis was present at disease onset and in the other four, SLE was already present, although the majority of them were diagnosed less than two years prior to the onset of psychosis. The entire cohort had high disease activity as measured by SLEDAI-2K. We found concomitant cutaneous, joint, and hematological alterations. Cerebrospinal fluid data were obtained in half of the patients and were normal. We performed brain tomography on most of our patients, which was almost always described as normal. In 5 out of 6 patients, the induction therapy to treat psychosis was based on steroids, and in the majority of them, a resolution of psychiatric symptoms was observed after initiating treatment. Lupus psychosis is a rare event that usually occurs early in the course of the disease and is associated with other manifestations of SLE. This investigation mainly found concomitant cutaneous, joint, and hematological manifestations, with a favorable outcome after treatment, as described in the literature.

Background: Rhupus is a term that describe the coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rhupus patients have symmetrical, erosive arthritis, characteristic SLE manifestations and an array of autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP), anti-dsDNA, and anti-Sm. 1 Joint involvement is common in SLE patients (90%), but only 1% to 9,7% have rhupus. 2 Due to its low prevalence, there is still a lack of evidence on its presentation and differences with other SLE patients without rhupus. Objectives: To examine the rhupus prevalence and to compare the clinical and serological characteristics between rhupus, and non-rhupus SLE patients (SLE with arthritis (SLEa), and SLE without arthritis (SLEwa)). Methods: We performed a case-control study. Rhupus patients (cases) were matched 1:1 with non-rhupus SLE patients (controls). Descriptive statistics were calculated and rhupus, SLEa, and SLEwa were compared. Results: A total of 72 patients were included, 24 patients in each group; most were female (87.5%). The median age at rhupus onset was 36.5 years (IQR 30-42.5). RA preceded rhupus in half of the patients, 29% were initially diagnosed as SLE, and 21% were initially diagnosed as rhupus. The median duration of RA was 66 months (IQR 30-144). In the descriptive analysis of rhupus patients, the most affected joints were the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints (87.5%), followed by the wrists (79.1%). Regarding immunological findings, RF and anti-CCP were positive in 87.5% and 50% of the patients, respectively. As to radiographic findings, the median number of erosions in the hands and wrists was 2 (IQR 0-5) and the median number of joints with narrowed joint space was 7 (IQR: 1.5 - 13.5). In terms of treatment, 95.8% received corticosteroids (median 10 mg/day), 91.6% antimalarials, 79.1% methotrexate, 41.6% leflunomide, and 25.0% rituximab. Patients with rhupus were older and had less renal and hematological involvement than patients with SLEa and SLEwa. SLEa patients had higher seropositivity for anti-RNP and anti-Sm, higher neurological involvement, and higher SLEDAI-2K scores than rhupus patients. Comparisons of other clinical and serological variables between SLE rhupus and non-ruphus patients are shown in table 1 and figure 1. Table 1. Clinical and serological manifestations in rhupus, articular SLE, and non-articular SLE Variables RHUPUS M (IQR ) SLE with arthritis M (IQR ) SLE without arthritis M (IQR ) P value RHUPUS vs. SLE with arthritis p value RHUPUS vs. SLE without arthritis Age (years) M (IQR) 40 (31.5 – 49) 29 (21.5 – 45) 33 (19.5 – 37.5) 0.043 0.013 CPR M (IQR) 2.3 (1– 8.5) 1.6 (0.3– 3.6) 0.9 (0.2– 2.5) 0.337 0.032 Positive anti-RNP N (%) 7 (29.1%) 14 (58.3%) 7 (29.1%) 0.042 1.000 Positive anti-Sm N (%) 5 (20.8%) 15 (62.5%) 6 (25%) 0.003 0.500 SLEDAI – 2K score M (IQR) 4.5 (1 – 7) 9 (2 – 18) 7 (3.5 – 15) 0.045 0.082 Figure 1. Differences in the frequencies of organic alterations. w/o: without. Conclusion: Patients with rhupus were older and had lower SLEDAI-2K scores compared with those non-rhupus. Furthermore, renal, neurological, and hematological manifestations were more common in non-rhupus patients than in rhupus patients. References: [1]Antonini L, et al. Rhupus: a systematic literature review. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(9):102612. [2]Tani C, et al. Rhupus syndrome: Assessment of its prevalence and its clinical and instrumental characteristics in a prospective cohort of 103 SLE patients. Autoimmun Rev. 2013; 12:537–41. Disclosure of Interests: None declared

Partial discharge (PD) monitoring applications enable the performance of appropriate diagnosis regarding the insulation condition of high-voltage (HV) electrical grids. During the last decade on-line PD monitoring systems have been increasingly implemented by utilities and large electricity consumers in HV installations. Therefore, the evaluation of their performance is interesting in order to check whether they are generally effective with respect to their functionalities. For the characterisation of the PD monitoring instruments and of the requirements of acquisition time (number of cycles per second), the performance of laboratory tests with real insulation defects is required. As these are monitoring tests, they entail a long time (at least one day), and during this time the monitored insulation defects must behave in a stable manner. The main scope of the study presented is to design, manufacture and characterise the behaviour of three test cells, each integrating a characteristic insulation defect, with the aim of using them in laboratory monitoring tests lasting at least one day. The considered insulation defects are as follows: an internal cavity in a solid dielectric, corona effect and a surface defect. The measurements carried out with the designed test cells have shown that they are suitable for their implementation in PD monitoring tests of long duration.

The evaluation of the insulation condition of high voltage (HV) electrical grids by means of non-invasive and on-line partial discharge (PD) monitoring is currently a common practice in the maintenance programs of electrical utilities. Several difficulties must be undertaken when on-line temporary measuring or monitoring applications are applied, the most important are: high levels of background noise and the appearance of interferences, the simultaneous presence of different PD sources, the requirement of locating the insulation defects emplacement and the challenge of identifying them. An on-line PD electromagnetic method that implements non-invasive high-frequency current transformers (HFCT) as sensors for PD temporary measuring or monitoring is explained in this article. The application of the proposed method and the use of powerful signal processing tools enable the performance of accurate diagnosis with regard to the insulation condition of HV electrical installations. The signal acquisition of the HFCT sensors used is synchronized to discriminate whether an eventual PD source detected is located in a certain element of the HV installation. The effectiveness of the measuring or monitoring method and of the signal processing tools proposed is demonstrated through experimental measurements, where PD type pulses were measured simultaneously in a HV installation configured in a laboratory setup.

This paper describes the design and characterization of test cells developed to generate a reference data bank of partial discharge (PD) series. The reference PD signals reproduced in these cells are useful for the evaluation of AC and DC PD diagnosis instruments. Technical functionalities such as PD sensitivity, PD clustering and PD source recognition can be checked using these test cells. A testing procedure to detect the existence of a specific defect in HVDC installations is proposed. This work is part of a task of the European co-funded project on metrology 15NRM02-UHV-EMPIR, which is focused in the achievement of valuable results for the IEC/CENELEC standardization.

Summary Formation pressure is one of the important subsurface properties for drilling and completion of wells. If assumed or predicted pressures are too low or too high than the actual either a kick can occur or the well could not be drilled to its target depth respectively. Current practice is to make an assessment of the formation pressures to be encountered using offset wells and other geological and seismic information. These estimates are then monitored against the while-drilling measurements. These measurements, however, are all behind the bit and they do not directly indicate what is ahead of the bit where it matters the most. A new technique that integrates local seismic data and real-time logs providing while-drilling formation pressure estimates “ahead” of the bit has recently been published. We present a field test of this integrated approach conducted in offshore Nigeria. Results show a formation-pressure ramp over 600 m ahead of the bit is predicted and placed within 50 m of its actual location and formation pressure values are predicted within 0.05 to 0.1 g/cm3 of their post-drill prognosis.

Seismic is used as a primary input in planning and execution of drilling projects. However, it is not always used to its full potential. An earth model consisting of structural information with geological targets, faults, and with relevant formation properties such as pore pressure and fracture gradient guide drilling decisions to help place the well in the right “geological” target and to avoid drilling hazards. The best possible accuracy and resolution at the well location is required; therefore all available information needs to be optimally combined and used with the latest model building and imaging technologies. This information includes the while-drilling well logs from the well being drilled as well as any offset wells and other local geological knowledge. The lack of adequate technologies, measurements, and turnaround time limitations, has made this type of optimum utilization of integrated seismic and well data impractical until now. Recent developments in model building, rapid and accurate imaging technologies, and the availability of new well measurements have made this optimum combination a reality. This new approach has been used in a Gulf of Mexico well, demonstrating the potential value it can provide to drillers.

The earth model obtained from seismic data is the primary input to well planning. To help place the well in the right “geological” target and to avoid drilling hazards, the earth model required for drilling often needs to be very accurate at the well location. The required accuracy and resolution for drilling purposes is typically higher than what is required by other uses of seismic data in various phases of E&P. Consequently, a best possible predrill model in a small volume around the well location needs to be built before drilling. Furthermore, while the well is being drilled, new information is obtained such as logs, vertical seismic profiling (VSP), mud weight, mud logging, and others that were not available before. These measurements are taken at the new well location and can be used to update the predrill model for a more accurate model of the earth ahead of the drill bit for better well placement and drilling hazard management. The lack of adequate technologies and measurements, and turnaround time limitations, have made this type of optimum utilization of seismic and well data (predrill and while drilling) impractical until now. With recent developments in model building, new rapid and accurate imaging technologies, and availability of new well measurements, this is now becoming a reality. In this paper, we review this process, describe the technologies that make it possible, and present a field study

Several hydrogenation and hydroboration-oxidation reactions of methyl transcommunate (1b), cis-communate (2b) and DELTA13(16)-isocommunate (3b) are described. It was stated that diimide is a more efficient reducing agent to perform the selective reduction on the C-14-C-15 double bond of methyl trans- and cis-communate (ca. 80%) than the heterogeneous [5% Pd(BaSO4)] or homogeneous [RuCl2(PPh3)3] hydrogenation methods. On the other hand, a less level of regioselectivity in the reaction of methyl DELTA13(16)-isocommunate with diimide was observed. The hydroboration-oxidation reactions of methyl cis-communate with both diborane (generated in situ) and 9-BBN led, in low yield and regioselectivity, to mixtures of compounds of formal hydration of DELTA14 and DELTA8(17), besides dihydrated and trihydrated products on depending of the experimental conditions. In the hydration process of DELTA12 a certain degree of stereoselectivity has been observed, the 12R alcohols being preferentially formed. The hydroboration-oxidation of methyl DELTA13(16)-isocommunate with identical reagents led to mixtures of compounds of formal hydration of DELTA14, DELTA13(16) and DELTA8(17). It was observed in all cases how the hydration process on the exocyclic double bond takes place through the less hindered alpha side of the molecule.

In the OM-DM of methyl myrceocommunate (methyl labda-8(17), 13(16), 14-trien-19-oate) the main product was the 13-hydroxy-derivative (2), resulting from the addition on DELTA 13(16), when sodium amalgam was used as a reducing agent. The monohydrated product on DELTA 8(17) (3), a small amount of dihydrated compounds (5, 6, 7, 8) and the oxide 4 have also been obtained. When we used sodium borohydride as reducing agent, 2 and high proportions of radical rearrangement products have been isolated. The stereochemical implications of both processes are discussed.

1.1. DDT-dehydrochlorinase (DDTase) (EC 4.5.1.1) from a DDT-resistant strain of house-flies has been purified and the possible role of its phospholipid moiety on its enzyme activities has been investigated with the use of phospholipase A, C and D.2.2. An apparent inhibition of the DDTase dehydrochlorination activity was observed by treatment of the lipoprotein enzyme with phospholipase A. It was shown, however, that removal of the fatty acids produced by the lipase eliminated the inhibition. A stimulation of activity was observed on the addition of total phospholipid from flies, even in the presence of the liberated fatty acids.3.3. Removal of the 20% of phosphorus compounds present in the DDTase by phospholipase C was enough to produce a complete inactivation of the DDT-dehydrochlorination activity. The soluble products of the phospholipase treatment had no effect on the inactivation or the subsequent reactivation by phospholipid.4.4. The relative effectiveness of various phospholipids with respect to reactivation of phospholipase C-treated DDTase is compared. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine obtained from the same houseflies were the most effective in terms of concentration and maximal reactivation. Phosphatidylethanolamine was ineffective.5.5. The phospholipase D-treatment of DDTase was accompanied by an increase in acidsoluble choline, but no loss of DDT-dehydrochlorination activity was detected.6.6.GSH oxidation activity of DDTase was not affected by any of these phospholipolytic enzymes.7.7. In view of the present results, it seems plausible to suggest that the hydrophilic groups of the readily separated DDTase phospholipids are the part of the molecule that must remain in position for maximum DDT-dehydrochlorination activity.

1.1. The phospholipoprotein nature of DDT-dehydrochlorinase (DDTase) purified from a DDT-resistant strain of houseflies has been made evident by isolation of the phospholipids by extraction of the enzyme with organic solvents and by gel filtration on Sephadex LH-20.2.2. Phosphorus analysis gave about 40 μmoles P per mole of enzyme. Eighteen per cent of it was directly extractable using organic solvents; the remaining 82 % was extracted only after acid digestion of the protein, suggesting firmly bound phospholipid-protein residues.3.3. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and their lysoderivatives have been found in both DDTase extracted fractions.4.4. Fatty acids with carbon from C-12 to C-20 were identified by GLC. About twothirds corresponded to saturated fatty acids, with palmitic and stearic acids predominating. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, oleic and palmitoleic acids were found to occur at high levels.

1.1. Highly purified DDT-dehydrpchlorinase (E.G. 4.5.1.1) from DDT-resistant houseflies is able to act as a glutathione coddase. Both the monomeric and tetrameric forms of the enzyme show oxidation activity, which is lost by titration of the DDT-dehydrochlorinase's thirty-two sulphydryl groups with PCMB.2.2. Conditions under which DDT-dehydrochlorinase undergoes glutathione oxidation are studied and compared with those of the ODT-dehydrochlorination activity of the enzyme.3.3. Of the compounds tested for the oxidation activity, only reduced glutathione and thioglycolic acid are substrates, the initial rate of oxidation of the latter being approximately three times that of GSH.4.4. The oxidation-reduction reaction does not involve liberation of protons in the presence of NAD or NADP. The transfer of the hydrogen atoms of the substrate and their subsequent oxidation to water is measured by oxygen consumption. The mechanism via O2- free-radical anions is postulated.