Multiple dimensions of the physician-patient relationship have been linked to improved medication adherence (Schneider, Kaplan, Greenfield, Li, & Wilson, 2004; Wroth & Pathman, 2006). This study aims to look at two specific dimensions, physician trust and patient satisfaction. Previous research has shown that physician trust can have a profoundly positive effect on patient outcomes by contributing to increased communication and more continuous care (Lee & Lin, 2009). Patient satisfaction has shown similar effects and has been identified as a strong correlate to physician trust (Safran, Taira, Rogers, Kosinski, Ware & Tarlov, 1998). There has been some evidence to suggest that physician trust and patient satisfaction differ by race, age and gender (Boulware, Cooper, Ratner, LaVeist & Powe, 2003; Cooper-Patrick et al., 1999). Surprisingly absent in previous analyses is a focus on body mass index (BMI) as a predictor of patient satisfaction and physician trust scores. This study attempts to address the lack of physician trust/patient satisfaction research that takes BMI into account. Eighty participants aged 18 and over were recruited from South Florida through the online classified network Craigslist and each participant completed an online survey of patient satisfaction, physician trust, and perceived weight satisfaction. Significant results for age, gender and race would confirm previous research and highlight the need for realistic guidelines to improve patient-physician interactions with people of the targeted demographics. Significant results for illness status, income, insurance status, and BMI would provide evidence for future research into the effects of these factors on patient satisfaction and physician trust. A full mediation of the effect of BMI would suggest that further efforts by physicians are needed to reduce the perceived weight discrimination of patients.

There are a growing number of articles on the juncture of Google Scholar and libraries; this article seeks to address the ability of this resource to meet the information needs of students and researchers using the ACRL Information Literacy Standards. Each standard is applied to Google Scholar in this examination, and recommendations for how librarians might respond are offered.

The objectives of this study were to describe the effect of light wavelength and osmolality on the vertical swimming distance of the cercaria of Proterometra macrostoma. Significant differences were found in the average swimming distances and electrical burst activity in the tail of cercariae exposed to red vs. blue, green or white light, but no difference was observed when the last three colors were compared to one another with one exception. Cercarial swimming decreased slightly after 12 hr PE (post-exposure) in artificial pond water (15 mOsm) and artificial snail water (102 mOsm). By contrast, a significant reduction in swimming distance was observed in distilled water (0 mOsm) and artificial snail water with two different concentrations of mannitol (180 and 267 mOsm).

Clinical and morphologic features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), such as proteinuria, sclerosing glomerulopathy, tubular degeneration, and interstitial disease, have been modeled in mice bearing an HIV proviral transgene rendered noninfectious through a deletion in gag/pol. Exploring the genetic basis of HIVAN, HIV transgenic mice bearing mutations in either or both of the accessory genes nef and vpr were created. Proteinuria and focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) only developed in mice with an intact vpr gene. Transgenic mice bearing a simplified proviral DNA (encoding only Tat and Vpr) developed renal disease characterized by FGS in which Vpr protein was localized to glomerular and tubular epithelia by immunohistochemistry. The dual transgenic progeny of HIV[Tat/Vpr] mice bred to HIV[ΔVpr] proviral transgenic mice displayed a more severe nephropathy with no apparent increase in Vpr expression, implying that multiple viral genes contribute to HIVAN. However, the unique contribution of macrophage-specific Vpr expression in the development of glomerular disease was underscored by the induction of FGS in multiple murine lines bearing a c-fms/vpr transgene.

This paper describes the improvement in the aetiological investigation of children with permanent hearing impairment in one complete audit cycle over a four-year period. An aetiological investigation worksheet was produced and inserted into case notes of children with newly diagnosed bilateral permanent hearing loss with >40 dBHL in the better hearing ear over 0.5-4 kHz. There was a marked increase in the use of appropriate investigations and a significant increase in parental hearing tests and ECGs in those notes with and without the aetiology worksheet in the 2004 audit. There was also a significant increase in ophthalmology referral in cases with the worksheet. The aetiological investigation worksheet appears to be a useful tool for arranging appropriate investigation for the hearing impaired child.

In two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled experiments, 63 normal nonclinical men and women received treatments designed to raise or lower their testosterone levels. Sixteen men and 17 women applied testosterone or placebo gel to their skin for five-day periods, and 13 men and 17 women ingested capsules of licorice extract (which lowers testosterone) or placebo for four-day periods. Subjects described their feelings on daily check lists, wrote paragraphs summarizing their experience, and completed implicit-attitude measures. Testosterone increased arousal and hostility, and licorice decreased energy and positive affect. Reactions were stronger among women than among men.

HIV transgenic mice bearing multiple copies of a noninfectious (Delta gag/pol) proviral DNA were tested for the systemic production of nitric oxide (NO). Serum levels of NO metabolites were reduced about 50% in HIV transgenic mice compared with nontransgenic sibling mice. This difference persisted when NO production was induced with peritoneal injections of bacterial endotoxin (LPS). Peritoneal inflammatory macrophages, but not resident peritoneal macrophages, derived from HIV-1 transgenic mice and activated in vitro with LPS and IFN-T (or tumor necrosis factor a and IFN-gamma) also produced about 50% less NO than did macrophages harvested from nontransgenic litter-mates. Isogenic, transgenic mice bearing mutated nef or vpr genes had normal serum levels of NO metabolites and their macrophages produced normal levels of NO when stimulated. An explanation for the reduced NO response of HIV[Vpr+Nef+] macrophages was not apparent from measured levels of iNOS expression, viral gene expression, or arginase activity in activated macrophages. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms with L-NAME or aminoguanidine blocked time-dependent increases in HIV gene expression in activated macrophages cultured ex vivo. Inhibition with L-NAME occurred despite high levels of NO generated by iNOS, and exogenously supplied NO induced HIV gene expression only weakly, suggesting that cNOS had the greater influence on proviral gene induction. This system is presented as a model of HIV-1 proviral gene expression and dysfunction in macrophages.

With the implementation of the RFC Archive Computer (AX) at RFCs and the NWS Southern Region implementation of a workstation that can be used at a remote location by an RFC to perform backup RFC operations, all major components were available to effectively utilize the WES to simulate RFC forecast operations. The Lower Mississippi River Forecast Center has integrated these components together to effectively perform RFC model simulations. This project is named Simulating Hydrologic Activities During Real-Time Events (SHARE).