The following versions of the electrophoretic determination of carbohydrates after derivatization are considered: reductive amination with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester and condensation with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. The derivatization products were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis and in the micellar mode and their characteristics were compared. Reductive amination followed by determination by micellar electrokinetic chromatography demonstrated the best values of separation efficiency (400 000–650 000 theoretical plates), selectivity (2.1–2.4), and limit of detection (LOD) (0.8–2.9 μg/mL). Derivatization conditions for reductive amination were optimized using a central composite experimental design. In-capillary sample preconcentration samples through sweeping significantly improved the LOD and enhancement factors of 13–19 were achieved. A proof-of-concept possibility of in-capillary reductive amination using detergent micelles as carriers for the derivatization agent was demonstrated. Both derivatization techniques were successfully applied to the analysis of baby food, showcasing their practical applicability.

Versions of the electrophoretic determination of neutral carbohydrates by a method of indirect detection using acridone acetic and folic acids as absorbing additives (AA) are proposed. The effects of the nature and concentration of AA, alkali, and various modifiers (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and ionic liquids (1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) on the electrophoretic parameters of the migration of analytes are studied. The lowest limits of detection for carbohydrates are achieved in a background electrolyte containing 2.5 mM acridone acetic acid, 75 mM KOH, 0.5 mM CTAB, and 5 vol

The review discusses the advantages and limitations of chromatographic and electrophoretic approaches to the determination of neutral carbohydrates in various samples with complex matrices, the possibility of implementing a variety of liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis modes (in zone and micellar versions), and their combinations with various derivatization, detection, and sample preparation techniques. Conditions for the indirect detection of sugars upon the introduction of various absorbing additives into a mobile phase or supporting electrolyte, ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis, and intracapillary complexation and the determination of carbohydrates by anion-exchange and hydrophilic chromatography are discussed.