The Spectro-Polarimeter (SP) is a new instrument installed at the upgraded Andrei B. Severny Solar Tower Telescope (STT) at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. The instrument is a traditional echelle slit dual-beam spectropolarimeter with temporal modulation of the polarization. STT-SP provides simultaneous spectropolarimetric observations of the Sun within three 15 Angstrom wide spectral ranges around photospheric Fe I 5250, Fe I 5324, and chromospheric Mg I b2 5172 spectral lines. The spectral resolution of the instrument reaches 70,000 with the seeing-constrained slit width of 1 arcsec. The field-of-view of STT-SP is 200 arcsec allowing one to map a moderate size active region within a single raster scan. The instrument will provide new opportunities in the analysis of magnetic fields and thermodynamics of the lower atmosphere of the Sun. In this paper we describe the optical design of STT-SP and present the preliminary results acquired during the commissioning of the instrument.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Anna Urasova, Andrei Oshchepkov, Andrei Plotnikov, Kristina Borovyh; Natural language processing of text customer ratings in the banking sector. AIP Conf. Proc. 29 March 2024; 3021 (1): 050008. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0193411 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

We explore the properties and behavior of slow-decaying unipolar sunspot groups in the framework of the turbulent erosion model suggested by Petrovay and Moreno-Insertis (Astrophys. J. 485, 398, 1997). The basic concept of the model is the suppression of turbulent diffusivity inside a magnetic flux tube by strong magnetic fields. As a result, the outer turbulent plasma detaches magnetic features primarily from the external border of a magnetic flux tube. The radius of the tube exhibits inward progression at a constant rate. The model predicts older sunspots to decay slower, and it seems to be very promising to explain the slow decay of long-living unipolar sunspot groups. By analyzing the magnetic structure associated with a sunspot, we did reveal a gradual decrease in the magnetic structure radius at a constant rate, implying the validity of the model. However, in some cases, the derived velocity of the radius decrease was too low: our calculations provided implausibly high estimations for the lifetime and maximal area of such sunspots. We discuss possible additional mechanisms affecting the decay rate of such peculiar sunspots.

The paper is devoted to the study of the relationship between gender inequality and the efficiency of corporate activities on the example of a group of the world's largest companies included in the Forbes Global 2000 list. The authors analyze a number of factors that reflect gender inequality in corporations and the corresponding factors of the cultural environment in the countries where companies are located. Only 8.3% of companies from the sample group of the largest corporations in the world are headed by women. The authors tested hypotheses about the relationship between corporate profitability and gender inequality factors using econometric analysis methods. The simulation results show that there is no significant relationship between profitability and the gender of the head (CEO) of the company. At the same time, gender inequality in the country where the company is located affects the efficiency of its activities, which indicates the need for further research on this issue.

The paper analyzes application of Agile in software development, revealing that Agile initially referred to software development, then in the context of agile began to be applied to the management of any processes in different fields and areas of knowledge. In this way, there was a shift. Therefore, “agile development methodology” and “agile management” may have different meanings. The survey results serve as the material for the study. These materials are interesting as they have the relevance of respondents to Agile. In addition, respondents answered the questions without additional incentives and could interrupt the survey at any time. 1,501 people have participated in the present survey. Purpose of the study: an exploration of the relationship between objectives and stages of agile implementation in organizations based on the opinions of developers. Within the present study, Pearson's rank correlation coefficient was used to calculate the interdependence between the variable “How many years has your company been applying Agile practices?” and the variable “Number of goals.” To figure out the interdependence between respondents' answers to the question “what stage of Agile implementation is your company at?” and the variable “Number of goals” that the respondent associates with Agile, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used. The results showed that the number of Agile implementation goals depends on the level of Agile competencies in the organization: then higher the level of Agile competencies in the organization, then more goals the organization has. The results of the study enrich the knowledge of goal-setting in Agile. In addition, it can stimulate to consider the problem from a new point of view - the study of the evolution of goals from implementing Agile.

Self-employment in the Russian Federation is a special tax regime; tax on personal income is a simplified form of entrepreneurship. The self-employed are often associated with freelancers. The exponential growth of information increases uncertainty, and the development of digitalization levels out uncertainty. This work analyses the factors influencing the digitalization development of self-employment as an integral indicator that can affect the sustainability of self-employment. The main method used is a topological method based on the polymerase chain reaction method, as well as the model based on fuzzy sets theory - Mamdani fuzzy inference algorithms. The data for the study were collected through a survey posted on Google Forms. The respondents were experts in the self-employment sector. Eight people participated in the survey (4 - self-employed; 4 - university professors). The self-employed comprised the following areas: developer - 1; service worker - 1; online marketer - 1; musician, event host - 1. Further calculations were performed in Mathlab. According to the study results, the level of factors in the development of self-employed digitalization is 0.502, which corresponds to the third interval of the five-level classifier and has growth potential.

The study analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the work activities of freelancers and the self-employed. The study is based on a conducted survey. A total of 1,157 respondents participated in the survey. The sample subjected to statistical analysis is N=469 people. The employed research methods include correlation and one-factor analysis of variance, as well as text analysis. The textual analysis method is used in determining the reasons behind an unwillingness to register as self-employed. Correlation analysis is used in assessing the impact of the pandemic on income and customer demand. Analysis of variance is deployed to compare subsamples of current freelancers and former freelancers. Analogies are drawn between the current findings and those of other researchers. The results of the study indicate that the main advantage of freelance work is the free schedule (83% of the respondents). Another appeal of freelancing is the lack of the need to go to the office (70%), the freedom to choose orders and customers (68%). Among the negative characteristics of freelancing is the instability of income (67%). In view of the freelancers themselves, the COVID-19 pandemic has had no major influence on their work. Specifically, 40% report that COVID-19 has not affected their work in any way.

This paper analyzes the works of management classics such as Russell Ackoff, Nancy Adler, Frederick Herzberg, Chris Argyris, Bennis Warren, Lyndall Urwick, experts of Aston Group, and others. A common bond between them is organizational behavior and the fact that their work was written in the last century and that elements of their theories were the basis for the neoclassical management theories that predominate today. Purpose. The aim is to identify commonalities with the iterative-incremental (agile) approach to development and management from classical management theories. Methodology. The paper analyses classical management papers in organizational behavior and leadership theory to identify commonalities with the iterative-incremental approach to management. The two categories are considered holistically, as leadership can determine organizational behavior. The paper applies ontological and integrated approaches. Results. The paper identifies standard features of classical theories and agile approaches to management. It indicates that classical approaches to management have formed the basis of agile approaches to management. Practical implications. The results apply to social management and organizational psychology scholars. In addition, the results will help to scientists write textbooks and manuals on management theory and related disciplines. The study’s results contribute to developing the history of managerial thought.

The study develops an understanding of the environment for the functioning of the self-employed market and provides its current assessment. A model based on the theory of fuzzy sets is used to determine the level of stability of the functioning of the self-employed market in the Russian Federation, specifically through Mamdani fuzzy inference algorithms. The survey sample includes 12 experts, who responded to the survey questions (N = 22) voluntarily. Calculations for the study are performed in Matlab. The results obtained give evidence that the level of stability of the Russian self-employed market equals 0.5, which falls into the third interval of the five-level classification. This set is characterized by the following linguistic definition - the functioning of the market is stable, and its characteristics correspond to the "satisfactory (average)" level. This suggests that the market for the self-employed in the Russian Federation has fairly good potential for growth, as there are no signs of its slowdown.

The self-organization principle refers to an indeterminate approach in high uncertainty and digital transformation conditions. The entrepreneurial agility of self-employed entrepreneurs lies in the digital transformation of analog businesses under the influence of the high uncertainty of the business environment. The work aims to form a conceptual model of agility based on scientific papers on adaptability, transformation, and agility, applying an ontological approach to information and the deduction. The self-organization of a category in the context of a self-employed entrepreneur bases on an ecological approach to analyze. The authors' works are analyzed in the paper. We use the deductive method combined with synthesis and decomposition and the graphical method to compare the theoretical agility approaches and the self-organization theoretical approaches. The scientific novelty lies in the proposed conceptual model based on ambidexterity – simultaneous possession of analog business competencies and information technology (IT) competencies and adaptation to changing requirements caused by digital transformation. Emergence is a property of the entrepreneur's competence system, at which cross-functional competencies are received. As a result, we get synergy from the interaction of these competencies. The aggregate value of the interacting elements is greater than the sum of individual values. It is according to the interpretation of the synergetic approach to the elements of the system. Entrepreneurial agility is due to the influence of self–organization and the creation of ambidextrous development in equal conditions of both analog business competencies and IT competencies. Digital transformation is an accelerator of these processes in entrepreneurship.

The present paper discusses the change in accessibility and searchability of data due to the popularity of mobile app versions of social media. The main argument is that new social media platforms restrict the access of search engines to the user-generated contents that are created and exchanged within them, and such trends have made access to public content more difficult. Focusing on the phrases “platforms as information blockhole” and “burial of content”, this article is a conceptual paper that argues that in contrast with the idea of freedom of information and data in world-wide-web, today mobile app platforms have formed close-core databases that search engines are restricted to access to them. The article warns that due to the increasing popularity of social media platforms, a huge volume of information is being generated and exchanged within them and this leads to new discrimination in access to the information. It also stresses the necessity of new types of syndication contracts between search engines and platforms as a new business model; or new policies that guarantee the findability of generating and exchanging public data on social media platforms.

The paper compares approaches to self-organization. The term can refer to various subjects and objects of research. Theoretical approaches contain the following elements: adaptability, self-regulation and openness of the system, consistency of actions, relevant competencies to tasks, self-development and self-training of personnel, dynamic equilibrium or its absence. Self-organization occurs when the subject of management delegates to the management object. Consequently, any decisions initiated by an object with a leadership is self-organization. The management object migrates to the domain of the management subject based on self-organization. It leads to self-development and restructuring of the management system based on motivational factors such as doing tasks, responsibility (according to McGregor’s Theory Y of motivation) and effectiveness based on the use of delegation and employee initiatives. Scrum-masters, research and teaching staff, graduate students in the field of management and readers interested in management intend the article for reading. Purpose: comparing to self-organization theoretical approaches and creating self-development model and a management system based on the self-organization principle. Methodology: the paper analyzes the research papers of foreign and Russian authors. The author applies deductive, synthesis, decomposition and graphical methods in research. Results: the author created self-development model and the management system based on the self-organization principle. Practical implications: the results obtained are applicable for the management system making focused on the agile organizations.

A longitudinal magnetic field often suffers the saturation effect in a strong magnetic field region when the measurement is performed at a single-wavelength point and linear calibration is adopted. In this study, we develop a method that can judge the threshold of saturation in Stokes V/I observed by the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) and correct it automatically. The procedure is to first perform the second-order polynomial fit to the Stokes V/I vs. I/I-m (I-m is the maximum value of Stokes I) curve to estimate the threshold of saturation, then reconstruct Stokes V/I in a strong field region to correct for saturation. The algorithm is demonstrated to be effective by comparing with the magnetograms obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). The accuracy rate of detection and correction for saturation is similar to 99.4% and similar to 88% respectively among 175 active regions. The advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm are discussed.

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of metrics on cost per click (CPC) in Google Ads Search in Russian in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet. The paper carries out a correlation-regression analysis of search queries and their features. In this study, the basic search queries including: “self-employment”, “freelance”, “freelancer”, and “self-employed” were examined and data were collected during the month of November in 2020. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used as research methods to establish correlations between indicators; regression analysis to determine the indicators affecting the target indicator. The finding shows that “the average cost of a click for this query in Google contextual advertising” scored the highest among the target indicator. The indicators that were studied in terms of their strength of influence on the indicator “average cost of a click for this query in Google contextual advertising” are as follows: ‘The number of queries’, ‘Competition in PPC’ (pay per click), ‘Types of keywords’, ‘Social domains’, ‘Results found’ and ‘Keywords’. The results showed that 'vk' social network factor is a leader in influencing CPC growth in the 16s social domains factors model and 'instagram' is at third place. If we consider all the factors, we will see that in the final 38-factor model, 'vk' is not presented among key influencing factors, whereas 'instagram' could be find there. Consequently, with the increase in the number of factors, there was a significant recalculation of strength among the 38 factors where 'vk' has lost its position on CPC's impact.

В статье обобщены проблемы цифровой трансформации, основная часть которых относится к внутренней среде организации и системе управления. В качестве основного метода исследования выступает синтез на основе обобщения и сравнения признаков у различных авторов по теме цифровой трансформации. В работе предложена концептуальная модель стимулирования к изменениям организации на основе делегирования инициации сотрудникам со стороны руководства, с учетом влияния информационных технологий для обеспечения объективности решений. Основной проблемой цифровой трансформации является конфликт при интеграции гуманитарных и технических знаний в системе управления. Конфликты формируют устойчивость системы к изменениям, а начальные изменения в организационной (или корпоративной) культуре выступают фактором резистентности к этой устойчивости системы для обеспечения изменений. Статья предназначена для студентов, аспирантов, научных сотрудников и преподавателей экономических специальностей и широкому кругу лиц, интересующихся проблемами цифровой трансформацией и менеджмента

The paper analyzes reviews of the Russian agricultural Bank (the study’s object, one of the largest banks in the Russian Federation, specializing in financing enterprises in the agro-industrial complex). We used the Mann-Whitney U statistical test, The Wilcoxon signed-rank T test nonparametric statistical test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient to compare subsamples. In the study results, we determined that reviews with a higher rating are less understandable and straightforward and contain more complex texts. Conversely, reviews with lower ratings are more specific and easier to understand. Thus, we can reject the null hypothesis that the subgroups of reviews rated “5” and “from 1 to 4” are quantitatively the same.

В статье сравниваются различные подходы к содержанию категории «заинтересованная сторона» или «стейкхолдер». В целом подходы к стейкхолдеру в зависимости от области применения категорично не отличается, а зависят лишь от составов, которые проявляют общие черты – силу влияния и степень заинтересованности/незаинтересованности. Поэтому в статье на основе сравнения теорий заинтересованных лиц на основе дедуктивных методов исследования предложена следующая классификация содержания стейкхолдерских подходов по ориентации заинтересованных лиц на интересы и влияние: интересы стейкхолдеров от результатов труда; влияние стейкхолдеров на цель; влияние стейкхолдеров на результаты труда; влияние стейкхолдеров на политику организации; влияние стейкхолдеров на процессы организации; влияние стейкхолдеров на стратегию организации. Статья будет полезна менеджерам, консультантам в области управления, а также академическим и научным работникам в области управления, студентам магистратуры и аспирантам.

There is a large number of works related to the analysis of the relationship between unemployment and self-employment. In our work, based on the collected data from 2000 to 2020. for 38 OECD countries, the relationship between self-employment and the unemployment rate was analysed. Research methods: to identify and assess the closeness of the relationship between the data on unemployment and self-employment, the Spearman's parametric correlation coefficient was calculated. In order to group countries by indicators of self-employment and unemployment, the method of hierarchical cluster analysis was used, followed by visualization of the dendrogram. Research results: Spearman's correlation between self-employment and unemployment was 0.3 (significance at 0.01). This suggests that there is a weak direct relationship between the two categories. This dependence is valid for indicators for all countries as a whole, however, the situations of different countries are not the same: in Israel, Poland, Germany, Brazil, Russia, Chile, the correlation indicator is large and statistically significant, in others it is small and statistically insignificant. There is also a feedback from the following countries: Portugal, Turkey, Italy.