There have been a wide range of books, journal articles, educational notes, etc. for many decades and all over the world about English grammar since it has been a global language. The literature abounds with materials treating English tenses in many different approaches. In this article, English tenses are structurally outlined and systematically tabulated, with all persons and all forms. The structural matrix of English tenses is based on four time and four aspect components, thus resulting the sixteen tenses in total. One single example sentence is utilised throughout the work for educational sake. With their compactness, the arranged tables have the potential to provide a first approach easy resource and so be helpful for new learners of English tenses, especially in the company of visual graphics, as recommended in the paper. Article visualizations:

During acquisition or transmission of the Electrocardiogram, noises generated from the surrounded electrical equipment, the patient's motion, movement of the electrodes, or contraction of the muscle around the heart usually interfere with the obtained signal. The interference of these noises in the frequency domain may mask the desired signal and obstruct the diagnosis process. Blind Source Separation techniques and Model-based filtering methods have shown promising results in ECG signal processing. This work pointed to assess the performance of Independent Component Analysis and Extended Kalman Filter in removing the most common ECG noise, such as muscle contraction, baseline shift, and electrode motion artifact. Testing has been executed on a formed signal set by adding noises from the MIT noise stress test database to signals from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database at a different signal to noise ratio. Performance comparison demonstrates that both techniques show satisfying results in muscle artifact filtering, while ICA based filtration is more accurate than EKF in reducing baseline wander and electrode movement artifacts.

Enabling to obtain brain activation signs, electroencephalography is currently used in many applications as a medical diagnostic method. Brain-computer interface (BCI) applications are developed to facilitate the lives of individuals who have not lost their brain functions yet have lost their motor and communication abilities. In this study, a BCI system is proposed to make classification using Bi-directional long short term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural networks. In the designed system, spectral entropy method including instantaneous frequency change of signal is used as feature fusion. In the study, electroencephalography (EEG) data of 10 participants are collected with Emotiv EPOC+ device using 2x2 visual stimulus matrix prepared on Unity. Each symbol of the 2x2 matrix includes stimulus such as doctor, police, fireman and family. These stimuli are demonstrated to participants with a fixed order. As data collection protocol, 200 ms stimulus time and 300 ms interstimulus interval are used. As the performance success of classification, the average accuracy rates are obtained to be 98.6% for training set and 96.9% for the test set. In addition, in classification of P300 EEG signals, the results obtained via Bi-LSTM are compared with the results obtained using 1 dimensional convolutional neural networks (1DCNN) and support vector machines (SVM) classification methods. Moreover, in the study, information transfer rate (ITR) is provided as 40.39 at an acceptable level.

This research article aims to investigate the thermal effects on human eye due to exposure of EM (electromagnetic) field at 5G frequencies. A secondary purpose of the article is to show that SPICE, one of the most commonly used tools in circuit analysis, can be used to solve complex EM and bioheat transfer problems. Both electric field and temperature distributions in human eye are simulated with transmission line modelling (TLM) method. Also, finite element method (FEM) calculations are carried out for comparison. Temperature distributions are calculated for 30 minutes of EM radiation exposure. As a subject of the simulation, a human is chosen that the power density of incoming field at the human eye is assumed as the maximum of the ICNIRP general public exposure limits. A good consistency between TLM and FEM based simulations is found. A new transmission line model based on Debye parametric model is generated for simulation of EM field distribution in the tissues. With this generated transmission line, the results for the frequencies of interest can be obtained via single simulation. Also, a new transmission line model is developed for the temperature distribution simulation in which the effects of noncompressible fluid flow such as non-unidirectional blood flow in tissues and flow in aqueous humor are taken into consideration.

Metal Detectors play an important role especially on determining the properties of objects buried in the soil. Ground compensation is necessary to minimize the faulty warning signals in metal detectors caused by the mineral structure of the soil. In this study, ground compensation in pulse induction metal detectors and the effect of metallic soil minerals on metal detectors are examined. A ground compensation software algorithm is developed by implementing a pulse induction metal detector circuit and it is observed in the applied tests that the ground effect is eliminated.

With the help of Brain Computer Interface systems, people can generate commands to the computer environment by using their ability to think and focus. Some of these systems are designed using P300 signals. One of the components of the electroencephalography (EEG) signal is the positive deflection potential of approximately 300ms after the stimulus. The participants were asked to follow two different scenarios by using a computer with the help of the software prepared on Unity. The study was performed on 6 participants. In this study, stimulus time which is one of the basic elements of BBA systems was compared by using deep learning method. Transition time between stimulus in tasks was chosen from 125 to 250 milliseconds. In the classification made with deep learning, the transition time between the two stimuli resulted in 100% performance in the training data. In test data, the 125 milisecond transition time achieved 80% performance. In test data, the 250 milisecond transition time achieved 40% performance.

Visual instruments such as graphics may be useful in the learning and teaching process for any language grammar. Time charts or graphics for this purpose have long been commonly used all over the world in the language learning and teaching including English. However, the publications in the form of books and other course material in this ground do not cover all of the English tenses and fail to approach to the matter in a systematic way. This paper proposes a new time-aspect graphic system for English Language tenses, which is complete in the sense that it visualize all of the sixteen tenses in a systematic manner. First, timing elements such as time axis and reference points were designated. Then for representation of aspect of the tenses special conceptual symbols were designed. Finally, graphics (charts or maps) for each of the sixteen tenses was implemented using the time elements and aspect symbols over examplary sentences. Simple sentences using the same main verb write, were chosen for sake of homogeneity and ease of comparison, however the designed system is available to complex sentences. The timing elements and grahical symbols together conform a complete consistent visual representation group addressing English tenses. The designed visual system is expected to be helpful in the education of English Tenses and is readily adaptable to other languages. Article visualizations:

Selection of eligible channel and determination activation potentials for EEG devices are important phases for visual evoked Brain Computer Interface applications. In this study, EEG data collected using Emotiv EPOC+ are analysed by aid of Matlab-based EEGLAB program. According to analysis results, it's seen that the strongest activation is in O1 and O2 channel of 13 Hz frequency component to evoke.

Metal Detectors play an important role especiallyon determining the properties of objects buried in the soil. Groundcompensation is necessary to minimize the faulty warning signals in metaldetectors caused by the mineral structure of the soil. In this study, groundcompensation in pulse induction metal detectors and the effect of metallic soilminerals on metal detectors are examined. A ground compensation softwarealgorithm is developed by implementing a pulse induction metal detector circuitand it is observed in the applied tests that the ground effect is eliminated.

This article describes an energy saving system of road lighting suited for different lighting scenarios. The designed system is applied in a university campus for a 12-month period with a resulting 24,1 % electric energy saving. Within the system high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps are dimmed by programmed microcontroller cards at desired rates according to calendar and clock data in a 12-month period using a designed interface. In addition to energy saving, the designed system allows a remote accessed power analyzer to be used to follow up consumed energy data for the lighted area.

EEG (Electroencephalography) signals are used in different fields increasingly with the development of technology because they contain a lot of important information. In recent years, a great deal of these studies has been carried out about the concrete meaning of the signals. Most of these systems are called BBA (Brain Computer Interface) systems. Various applications have been developed with BBA systems. In this paper, a graphical user interface (GUI) has been designed on Matlab for the processing of recorded signals to detect blink with the help of Emotive EPOC +, which is a portable EEG device. Channel selection, filtering and averaging operations are performed by means of this software to determine the blinks. It is thought that this software will form the basis for higher level work on the Matlab platform.

Sebeke baglantili eviricilerde, sebekeye aktarilan akimlarin toplam harmonik bozunumunun %5’in altinda olmasi gerekmektedir. Bu amacla cikis filtreleri kullanilmaktadir. Toplam harmonik bozunumundan baska filtrenin uzerindeki gerilim dusumu ve filtrenin reaktif guc tuketimi icin de tasarim kosullari saglanmalidir. Bu kosullari saglamak icin cesitli filtre tasarim yontemleri literaturde sunulmustur. Bu calismada, en onemli filtre tasarim yontemleri ele alinmis ve L, LCL ile LLCL filtre tasarimlari arasinda bir performans analizi yapilmistir. Sonuc olarak, LLCL filtrenin, bazi riskli noktalar dikkate alinmak sartiyla, daha yuksek performans ve daha dusuk maliyet sagladigi ortaya cikmistir.

This study presents a new three dimensional continuous time chaotic system. Dynamical analysis and numerical simulation of the new chaotic system were first carried out. Then electronic circuit design of the new chaotic system was implemented considering practical applications. The numerical and electronic circuit simulation results were found to be in good accordance. Besides, synchronization by active control was realized for secure communication applications, followed by designing a communication system with chaotic masking method. Finally, a secure signal masking application was implemented on Matlab platform. In the developed secure communication system, information signal sent over noisy channel was successfully retrieved at the receiver.

Currents injected into grid need to have a total harmonic distortion below 5% in grid connected inverters. To this aim, output filters are employed. For these filters, design conditions other than total harmonic distortion for voltage drop over the filter and reactive power consumption of the filter have to be also fulfilled. In literature, some filter schemes have been proposed to satisfy these conditions. In this study, the most important filter types are handled and a performance analysis between L, LCL and LLCL filter was implemented. Consequently, it is concluded that LLCL filter has higher performance and lower cost, on the condition that some risky points are considered.

Chaos technique has been used in science branches such as engineering, medicine and biology, in order to describe nonlinear phenomena, and in architecture and fine arts due to its fractal features. Chaotic systems have also been utilised for secure communication by virtue of their sensitive dependence to initial conditions, hardness of estimation and nonperiodicity. With this aim, there is a large amount of literature proposing chaotic based analog and digital modulation methods for communication. In this work, a communication system is designed using chaos based on-off keying method (COOK), which include a new in literature and unutilised chaotic model for communication systems. The design is developed in the Matlab-SIMULINK® simulation medium. As a result, the transmitted data in the proposed communication system, is received successfully.

As the wireless communications have recently expanded, the potential effects on human body of electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by the base-station antennas has become of great concern to people especially living near the exclusion zone of the antennas. This letter presents the simulation of an electromagnetic radiation exposure and the calculation of specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature variation for a multilayer human tissue model. The fact that field equations for planar wave propagation are analog to the circuit equations for a wave on a transmission line is exploited to use the lossy transmission line models of the ORCAD PSpice simulator. Exposure simulations are carried out considering a distance of 10 m between a base-station antenna and a multilayer human tissue model for exemplary frequencies of 915 and 2450 MHz. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first time PSPICE has been used for SAR and related temperature rise calculation.

Many articles that appeared in the literature agreed upon the feasibility of diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with a single-lead electrocardiogram. Although high accuracies have been achieved in detection of apneic episodes and classification into apnea/hypopnea, there has not been a consensus on the best method of selecting the feature parameters. This study presents a classi fi cation scheme for OSA using common features belonging to the time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear calculations of heart rate variability analysis, and then proposes a method of feature selection based on correlation matrices (CMs). The results show that the CMs can be utilized in minimizing the feature sets used for any type of diagnosis.

This article is based on a combination of time-frequency domain functions, and nonlinear techniques in the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using only single-lead electrocardiography (ECG) signals. The contribution of the presented study to earlier ones is that it enables numerically determining what type of HRV features better represent the aforementioned target by using correlation matrices and neural networks (NNs). Keywords: Diagnosing disease, neural network, sleep apnea, heart rate variability, feature selection, correlation matrices

Chaos science is also used in the fields of medicine, biology and finance besides in the engineering fields such as communications, electronics and computer. Up till today, many different chaotic systems have been introduced in the literature in order to be used in these fields. The majority of these systems have usually been examined numerically and only some of them have electronic circuit design. The chaotic systems must be able to be done electronically especially in the fields such as secure communication, encryption, etc. In 1994 were found 19 attractor systems that were simple-structured but producing complex chaotic signals and named A to S by Sprott. In this study electronic circuit design of Sprott H chaotic system with the positive (non-inverting) second generation current conveyor with high gain and high bandwidth were performed in Orcad-PSPICE program. Numerical analysis results of Sprott H chaotic system and the designed electronic circuit outputs were found to be the same. The system can be used secure communication and encryption applications of which electronic circuit were designed.