Teenagers' experiences of participation in an Empowerment Education Programme for people with type I diabetes

The general aim of this thesis was to study the transition process from dependency towards anatomy and psychological empowerment among teenagers with type 1 diabetes. Thirty-two teenagers (18 femal ...

BACKGROUND:Becoming autonomous is an important aspect of teenagers' psychosocial development, and this is especially true of teenagers with type 1 diabetes. Previous studies exploring the everyday problems of teenagers with diabetes have focused on adherence to self-care management, how self-determination affects metabolic control, and the perception of social support. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to elucidate lived experiences, focusing on the transition towards autonomy in diabetes self-management among teenagers with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN AND METHOD:Data were collected using interviews, and a qualitative phenomenological approach was chosen for the analysis. PARTICIPANTS:Thirty-two teenagers (18 females and 14 males) were interviewed about their individual experiences of self-management of diabetes. FINDINGS:The lived experiences of the transition towards autonomy in self-management were characterized by the over-riding theme "hovering between individual actions and support of others". The findings indicate that individual self-reliance and confirmation of others are helpful in the transition process. Growth through individual self-reliance was viewed as a developmental process of making one's own decisions; psychological maturity enabled increased responsibility and freedom; motivation was related to wellbeing and how well the diabetes could be managed. The theme "confirmation of others" showed that parental encouragement increased the certainty of teenagers' standpoints; peers' acceptance of diabetes facilitated incorporation of daily self-management activities; support from the diabetes team strengthened teenagers' self-esteem. CONCLUSION:In striving for autonomy, teenagers needed distance from others, but still to retain the support of others. A stable foundation for self-management includes having the knowledge required to practice diabetes management and handle different situations.