Objective: The intention of the study is to formulate a miglitol-loaded microsphere of HPMC K-100 and polyvinyl alcohol by emulsion crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. Method: Emulsion crosslinking method was employed in the synthesis where firstly Preparation of Acrylamide grafted HPMC gum was done with optimization of full factorial design and later Miglitol was entrapped in IPN microspheres of PVA and Am-g-HPMC. Results and Discussion: The drug-loaded IPN microspheres released 60-92% at 12 hours of release studies and drug release follows a diffusion-controlled release pattern. Prolonged time drug release was observed without collapsing the particle matrix. Conclusion: IPN microspheres-based delivery system can be a superior approach for controlled delivery of highly water-soluble drugs like Miglitol.

Introduction: Keeping in view the role of polysaccharide gums in pharmaceutical applications. Herein this research, Moringa gum (MOG) and Sterculia gum (SG) polysaccharides have been explored to design the network structure in the form of hydrogels which can act as a wound dressing for better wound healing. Both gums are hydrophilic stem exudate and their anti-fungal and antioxidant activities have been reported for wound healing which can help the increase in wound healing potential of the antibiotic drug encapsulated hydrogel dressings. Objectives: To design the moringa gum, sterculia gum and polyacrylic acid based hydrogel wound dressings by graft copolymerization method impregnated with antibiotic drug levofloxacin for better wound care. Methodology: The co-polymers were prepared by grafting and crosslinking of the polyacrylic acid onto MOG and SG. The copolymers were characterized by cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR, C-13 NMR and swelling studies along with the evaluation of blood compatibility, wound fluid absorption, antioxidant activity, permeability (O-2, H2O and, microbial), mucoadhesion, mechanical and in vitro release dynamics of antibiotic drug levofloxacin. Results and conclusion: The Cryo-SEM and AFM images of the hydrogels showed the porous nature and rough surface morphology of the hydrogels. The porosity in the hydrogel controlled the wound fluid absorption and drug diffusion from dressing. The release of the levofloxacin from MOG-cl-SG-co-poly(AAc) hydrogel occurred by the non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model of drug release in the simulated wound fluid. The gum-based dressings were found permeable and antioxidant in nature. Overall, these hydrogels could be proposed as suitable materials for biomedical applications including drug delivery and wound dressing for better wound care.

Herein this manuscript the potential of moringa gum and sterculia gum polysaccharides has been explored for developing the hydrogel wound dressing for better wound care. The polysaccharide gum and polyacrylamide network structure was formed through grafting and crosslinking polymerization. The cryo-SEM and AFM of the films indicated the porosity in the polymer films and roughness of the polymer surface. The polymers were also characterized by FTIR, and 13C NMR studies. The release of the antibiotic drug levofloxacin from polymer dressings occurred with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The blood compatibility, wound fluid absorption, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion and mechanical properties were evaluated along with O2 and H2O permeability. The drug released fitted in Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The hydrogel films were permeable to O2 and H2O vapor and impermeable to microbes in open environment and showed high wound fluid absorption, mucoadhesion and antioxidant activity.

In the present study, the dietary fiber moringa gum was modified through graft copolymerization with PVP in the presence of NN’-MBA as crosslinker to form a three dimensional network structure in the form of copolymeric hydrogels. These hydrogels were characterized by cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and swelling studies to establish the hydrogel structure. The properties of gum based hydrogels, like network parameters, blood compatibility, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion, porosity and degradation were determined along with drug release profile. The release profile inferred the sustained release of antibiotic drug meropenem from porous hydrogels obeyed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The gum based hydrogels were found non-hemolytic, mucoadehsive and antioxidant in nature with optimum pore size 9.98 nm and crosslink density 16.23 × 10−5 mol cm−3. Overall, these gum based hydrogels could be explored as drug delivery carrier for potential biomedical applications.

As the brain injury causes persistent neurological disorders that lead to the loss of neuron functions. The blood-brain-barrier limits the bioavailability of drugs required in therapeutic level. Hydrogel dressing can provide the localized drug release to the injured brain tissues that can reduce the limitations of the other drug delivery formulations. In the present article, sterculia gum and alginate polysaccharides were explored to form hydrogel dressing by radiation method for use in brain drug delivery. These dressings were characterized by AFM, XRD, FTIR, and C-13 NMR. The content of the artificial cerebrospinal fluids absorbed by sterculia-alginate dressing was 19.60 +/- 0.35 g. The release of citicoline drug, a nerve regenerative agent, occurred in controlled manner through Fickian mechanism and followed first order kinetic model. The porous dressings were permeable to O-2 and H2O and were biocompatible and antioxidant. Since the hydrogel dressings were prepared by radiation method so the resultant material was pure and sterile and could be explored for its application in brain drug delivery during brain injury.

The present article discusses the exploration of the potential of moringa gum (MOG) polysaccharides for developing a hydrogel dressing as a slow drug carrier to the enhanced wound healing. The polymer films were formed by grafting of carbomer onto MOG by radiation induced crosslinking technique. The polymers were characterized by cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and swelling studies. Drug delivery and biomedical properties of the dressings were also determined. Polymer dressing absorbed 4.20 ± 0.09 g/g simulated wound fluid. The release of levofloxacin was observed without burst effect and followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and best fitted in Higuchi kinetic model. The hydrogel films were permeable to O2 and H2O vapour and impermeable to microbes and showed antioxidant activity.

The present work deals with the design of the alginate, sterculia gum polysaccharide and PVP based hydrogel for brain drug delivery applications. The release dynamics of citicoline drug, a nerve regenerating agent, was evaluated. The polymers were investigated by Cryo-SEMs, AFM, FTIR, XRD, 13C NMR, and swelling studies. The drug release occurred slowly without burst effect and followed mechanism that was approaching the Fickian diffusion mechanism and first order kinetic model. The polymer matrix showed drug loading 40.0 ± 0.8%, thrombose percentage 68.70 ± 8.95%, hemolytic index value 3.66 ± 1.65%, detachment force from the intestinal mucosa = 0.124 ± 0.04 N, and tensile strength 7.67 ± 0.40 N/mm2. These films were found biocompatible, antioxidant and mucoadhesive and could be explored for brain drug delivery.

Chronic diarrhea is the most common problem in most of the countries with low socio-economic conditions. Hence, efficient therapeutic formulations are required. The present article explores the potential of the gum polysaccharide that itself has an anti-diarrheal activity, to develop the antibiotic drug 'meropenem' carrier, to improve the pharmacotherapy of the diarrhea. The gum based pure and sterile polymeric drug delivery device was prepared by radiation induced crosslinking method. Polymer matrix was characterized by cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR, 13C NMR, swelling and drug release studies, gel strength, along with some biomedical properties. The slow release was found without a burst effect with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. It has also been found that polymer was having pore size = 21.73 nm and crosslink density = 5.28 × 10-5mol cm-3 which were synthesized with [HEMA] 4.70 × 10-1 mol/L and irradiation dose 24.62 kGy during copolymerization reaction. The arabinogalactan crosslinked poly(HEMA) polymers were biocompatible, antioxidant and mucoadhesive.

Keeping in view the advantages of hydrogel based wound dressing, the present work explore the potential of sterculia gum and psyllium polysaccharides to prepare the moxifloxacin loaded hydrogel wound dressings for better wound care. The polymers were characterized by cryo scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM), atomic force microscopy, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and swelling studies. Evaluation of drug release mechanism and kinetic model from the polymer matrix was performed along with some biomedical properties of hydrogel dressing including wound fluid absorption, blood-compatibility, antioxidant activity, oxygen permeability, muco-adhesion, and mechanical properties. CryoSEM showed porous nature of the polymer film. One gram of the hydrogel dressing absorbed 14.7 g simulated wound fluid. Release of drugs (moxifloxacin) from drug loaded hydrogel dressings, occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism in simulated wound fluid without any burst effect. Hydrogel dressing showed porous structures with good degree of mechanical strength, antioxidant activity and biocompatibility.

Keeping in view the importance of polysaccharides gum in designing drug delivery systems, the present work is the exploration of the potential of the moringa gum in hydrogel formation via radiation induced crosslinking method for drug delivery applications. These polymers were characterized by cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and swelling studies. Some properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion and gel strength were also determined along with the evaluation of drug release profile of an antibiotic drug levofloxacin. The slow release of drug was observed without burst effect from the drug loaded hydrogels. Release of drug occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile best fitted in Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Cryo-SEM showed the porous nature of the hydrogels. The polymers were found to be mucoadhesive and antioxidant in nature. These results indicated that these pure and sterile polymers can be proposed as gastrointestinal drug delivery system.

Keeping in view the importance of polysaccharide gum in the pharmaceutical formulations, in the present work, exploration of the potential of the moringa gum in hydrogel formation for drug delivery applications has been carried out. The gum based hydrogels were prepared via radiation induced graft-copolymerization of N-vinyl imidazole onto the gum. The polymers were characterized by cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR, C-13 NMR spectroscopy and swelling studies. Some properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, antioxidant activity, and mucoadhesion and gel strength were also determined along with the evaluation of the drug release profile of an antibiotic drug levofloxacin. The slow release of drug was observed without burst effect from the drug loaded hydrogels. Release of the drug followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in in Hixson-Crowell kinetic model. Cryo-SEM showed the porous nature of the hydrogels and AFM analysis confirmed the surface roughness. The polymers were found to be non-haemolytic mucoadhesive and antioxidant in nature with pore size = 12.09 nm and crosslinking density = 9.13 x 10(-5) mol cm(-3). These results indicated that these pure and sterile polymers can be proposed as a gastrointestinal drug delivery system. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In the present article discusses the synthesis of gum acacia (GA)/tragacanth gum (TG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) based pure and sterile hydrogels by radiation induced crosslinking method for use in wound dressing applications. These hydrogels were impregnated with silver nanoparticles to improve wound healing potentials of hydrogel dressings. Further,some biomedical properties of these hydrogel films, like antioxidant activity,mucoadhesion and mechanical properties were also studied. It has been found that the increase in gum acacia concentration during the synthesis of hydrogels has decreased the release of silver particles from the hydrogels. Incorporation of silver particles improved the antioxidant activity of the polymer samples which could be beneficial in wound healing potential of hydrogel dressings.

The present article is an attempt to explore the potential of the Moringa oleifera gum polysaccharides in network formation with poly(acrylic acid) by radiation induced crosslinking to develop the hydrogel for slow drug delivery applications. Polymers were characterized by Cryo-SEM, AFM and 13C NMR techniques. Furthermore, drug delivery, network formation and some biomedical properties like blood compatibility, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion and gel strength of the hydrogels were also determined. The release of ciprofloxacin occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile best fitted in Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The hydrogels were found to be pH responsive, mucoadhesive non-thrombogenic, non-haemolytic, and antioxidant in nature. The crosslink density (ρ) and the mesh size (ξ) of the polymer network was observed 3.81×10−5mol/cm3 and 38.77nm respectively in pH 7.4 solution.

Uricase (EC 1.7.3.4) enzyme is widely used for uric acid detection in clinical analysis and there are many reports on uricase enzymes for efficient treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. This study was conducted in order to investigate new sources of uricase hyper producer. Uricase producing bacteria were successfully isolated from poultry farm soil samples on the basis of their uricolytic activity on uric acid containing agar medium. The isolated bacterium was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis. This is the first report of production of clinically important enzyme uricase from isolated Alcaligenes faecalis. The uricase was present as extracellular enzyme. The extracellular uricase activity of 29.2±0.92 IU was observed, when the isolate was cultured at 30°C and pH 6.5 for 42 h on nutrient broth medium containing 0.4 (%, w/v) uric acid .

Supramolecular cyclodextrin (CD) hydrogels have occupied an important position in developing the materials for biomedical application. In the present work an attempt has been made to improve the release profile of ciprofloxacin by designing the β- cyclodextrin containing drug delivery system through network formation and supramolecular interactions. The polymer network has been formed by sterculia gum comprising of glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid and carbopol. The polymers have been characterization by cryo-SEMs, FTIR and 13C solid state (NMR) and swelling studies. This article also discusses drug release, blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, gel strength and antioxidant properties of the polymers. The release of drug from β-CD containing hydrogels was slower and less as compared to the hydrogels without β-CD. Release of drugs from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile best fitted in Korsmeyer-Peppas model. These hydrogels have been found as haemocompatible, mucoadhesive, and antioxidant in nature. Mucoadhesive nature can further provide the site specific nature to drug delivery system in GIT.

Radiation treatment of chitosan, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylamide [poly(AAm)] will form the sterile hydrogel wound dressings which can mimic the artificial skin function in wound therapy. These polymers have been characterized by cryo-scanning electron micrographs (cryo-SEMs), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and swelling studies. Some important properties of hydrogel wound dressings like drug delivery, blood compatibility, wound fluid absorption, antioxidant activity, oxygen permeability, water vapour permeability, microbial penetration, mucoadhesion and mechanical properties have also been determined. The release profile of moxifloxacin from the polyacrylamide functionalized chitosan-gelatin matrix followed Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile best fitted in Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The hydrogel films are permeable to O2 and H2O vapour and impermeable to microbes in open environment and showed high wound absorption, good mucoadhesion and antioxidant activity. Beside release of antibiotic, the inherent wound healing potential of chitosan, adhesion capacity of gelatin, film forming ability of PVA and wound fluid absorption of poly(AAm), may enhance wound healing potential of these hydrogel wound dressings.