Interactive postoperative rehabilitation approaches have increasingly been used following arthroscopic rotator cuff (RC) repair; however, evidence comparing their effectiveness with conventional physiotherapist-supervised (PS) rehabilitation remains limited. This study aimed to compare functional recovery outcomes between patients participating in an interactive postoperative rehabilitation program and those receiving PS rehabilitation after arthroscopic RC repair. Patients who underwent arthroscopic RC repair at a tertiary orthopedic center between February 2021 and April 2022 were prospectively included. Patients were allocated to either an interactive online exercise-based rehabilitation program or PS rehabilitation based on internet access availability. Both groups followed the same standardized postoperative exercise protocol. Pain intensity, shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, and functional outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. A total of 40 patients were included in the analysis (n = 20 per group). Both rehabilitation approaches resulted in significant improvements in pain, shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, and functional outcomes over time (P < .05). The mean Quick-DASH score decreased from 50.45 ± 33.77 to 1.02 ± 2.14 in the interactive rehabilitation group and from 45.67 ± 20.74 to 0.90 ± 2.89 in the PS group at 6 months, with no statistically significant difference between groups (P > .05). However, patients in the interactive rehabilitation group demonstrated earlier pain reduction during the early postoperative period. An interactive postoperative rehabilitation program provides functional outcomes comparable to those of PS rehabilitation following arthroscopic RC repair. These findings suggest that interactive rehabilitation strategies may represent a feasible alternative for postoperative care, particularly when access to in-person rehabilitation is limited.

BACKGROUND:Patient education is fundamental in hand rehabilitation; however, evidence regarding the effectiveness of patient education strategies on trauma-related distress, functional outcomes and patient perceptions remains limited. PURPOSE:To compare the effects of verbal, written, and video-based education on trauma-related distress, functional outcomes, and patient perceptions in occupational hand and forearm injuries. STUDY DESIGN:Randomized, controlled, single-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial (NCT06229028). METHODS:Patients aged 18-65 years with occupational hand and forearm injuries were randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) Verbal(reference), (2) Leaflet, or (3) Video-based instruction. Primary outcomes were post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale-Revised [IES-R]) and state anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State [STAI-S]). Secondary outcomes were hand strength (grip and pinch strength) and hand function (Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire [MHQ]). Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Between-group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and within-group changes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc analyses. Effect sizes were calculated. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 3months. RESULTS:Seventy-five patients (mean age: 39.45 ± 10.41 years; 86.7% male) completed the study. Significant within-group reductions in IES-R scores were observed in the leaflet and video-based groups. Mean changes were 5.84 (95% CI:-0.19 to 11.87), 12.84 (95% CI:5.79-19.89), and 13.08 (95% CI:8.31-17.85) points in the verbal, leaflet, and video-based groups, respectively. No significant between-group differences were found for IES-R and STAI-S scores (p > 0.05). A significant overall between-group difference was observed in tip pinch strength (p = 0.039; ε² = 0.06) and the MHQ work performance (p = 0.038; ε² = 0.06), with small effect sizes. Patient perception did not differ across groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Verbal, written, and video-based education were associated with improvements in psychological and functional outcomes following occupational hand and forearm injuries, with no consistent superiority of any single method. Educational delivery format may therefore be tailored according to patient preference and clinical context.

Background Peripheral neuropathy affects fine motor skills in daily life. However, reports on the effects of position sense and tactile recognition on manual dexterity are quite scarce in the literature. The increasing focus on hand rehabilitation has created a need to examine the effects of sensation on manual dexterity. Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of tactile recognition and wrist position sense on manual skills in healthy and neuropathy individuals and to investigate the relationship between them. Study Design Cross-sectional, non-randomized comparative clinical study. Methods Thirty-seven (50 hands) with median and ulnar nerve neuropathy between the ages of 18 and 65 years and 32 (64 hands) healthy individuals of similar age and gender were included in the study. Wrist position sense was assessed using the K-FORCE Sens electrogoniometer as target angle, 30° wrist flexion and extension, and 10° radial and ulnar deviation. Shape-Texture Identification Test (STI), Purdue Pegboard test (PPT), and Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire were applied for tactile recognition, manual dexterity, and hand functions, respectively. The independent-sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for K-FORCE Sens, STI, and PPT to compare groups. Correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results The mean age of individuals with neuropathy and healthy individuals was 45.7 ± 10.3 and 44.5 ± 9.2 years, respectively (p > 0.05). Seventy-three percent of individuals had median neuropathy and 27% had ulnar neuropathy. Totally, 33 dominant and 17 non-dominant hands of patients with neuropathy were affected. When healthy and neuropathic hands were compared, the mean error values in the dominant hand, flexion (4.4 ± 1.4; 6.5 ± 2.9), and radial deviation (2.4 ± 1.0; 3.3 ± 1.7) degrees were higher in the neuropathic hands (p < 0.05). Similar results were also found in the non-dominant hands. However, there was no difference between the mean error values in the extension and ulnar deviation degrees (p > 0.05). STI and PPT subtest results were also lower in the neuropathic hands (p < 0.05). There was a relationship between the mean error values of position sense in the flexion and radial deviation directions in the neuropathic dominant hands and all subtests of the PPT (p < 0.05), while there was a relation in the flexion direction in the non-dominant hand (p < 0.05). No relation was found in the Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire test (p > 0.05). Conclusions This study has shown that in neuropathy rehabilitation, the assessment of position and tactile sensations should not be ignored in determining participation in manual skills. This article can be used as a starting point for further studies and can be considered as one of the sensory focal points in rehabilitation in the development of manual skills.

Several surgical procedures are used to treat dynamic pronation position of the forearm and flexion deformity of the wrist in cerebral palsy. Postoperative results of pronator teres rerouting were explored, while specially designed postoperative physiotherapy and its outcomes were limited. Herein, we present a case in whom the outcomes of electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) training were assessed after pronator teres rerouting and brachioradialis tendon to extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon transfer combined with derotation osteotomy. The peak value increased, while the resting value decreased for the muscles after the intervention. Range of motion, hand function, manual ability, functional independence, and quality of life levels were improved. In conclusion, EMG biofeedback training may have a positive effect on neuromuscular control of pronator teres and brachioradialis. Free use of the upper extremity and improved manual ability positively affect the activity and quality of life of the patients.

OBJECTIVE:Fear of movement in patients with traumatic hand-arm injuries can negatively affect functional outcomes. Therefore, it is important to evaluate fear of movement in this patient population. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in patients with traumatic hand-forearm injuries. DESIGN:Cross-sectional. SETTING:Hand rehabilitation unit in a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS:The study included 170 patients with traumatic hand-arm injuries and a mean age of 37.57 (11.85) years. MAIN MEASURES:Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and pain severity rating (via Visual Analog Scale) were completed by interview in the first session. In addition, Modified Hand Injury Scoring System was used to determine severity of the injury. Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia was re-administered 15 days after the first session. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia were evaluated. In addition, exploratory factor analysis was completed using baseline data. RESULTS:Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.604, and test-retest reliability was acceptable (ICC = 0.646). Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia had a significant relationship with Beck Anxiety Inventory (r = 0.269, p < 0.001), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (r = 0.457, p < 0.001) and pain severity at rest (r = 0.168, p = 0.029). Factor analysis estimated the scale represented five subsections in this population. CONCLUSIONS:Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia were acceptable in patients with hand-forearm injuries. However, since our results were weaker than those in the literature, this should be considered when interpreting the results.

We aimed to investigate the effects of dual- and single-task training in older adults with age-related hearing loss. Intervention groups included single-, dual-task training, and control groups. The dual- and single-task trainings were held 2 days a week for 40 min for a total of 10 sessions for 5 weeks. We evaluated physical, cognitive, and auditory functions, quality-of-life, balance, concerns about falling, independence in activities of daily living, and dual-task performance. A total of 42 patients fully participated in this study. Statistically significant differences were observed in chair stand, chair sit-and-reach, global cognitive function, and delayed recall between the intervention groups and control group (p < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in quality-of-life, balance, falling concerns, independence in activities of daily living, and dual-task performance between all groups (p > .05). In conclusion, single- and dual-task training had a positive effect on physical and cognitive functioning in older adults with age-related hearing loss.

BackgroundCoactivation between tonic and phasic muscles is essential for correct posture and movement. Impaired movement patterns and postural changes facilitate the flexor response to protect painful tissue in the injured area. Tone changes between tonic and phasic muscles lead to an imbalance in the rotator cuff (RC) muscles.DesignA randomized controlled pilot studyPurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the effects of applying myofascial release (MFR) to the muscles in the cervicothoracic region for the treatment of fascia limitations in patients with postoperative RC tear.Materials and MethodsA total of 20 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The patients in the control group performed exercises, whereas those in the MFR group performed exercises in addition to MFR. Pain intensity, grip strength, pectoralis minor flexibility, Constant Murley Score (CMS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) score were evaluated. Pain intensity was recorded before and after the MFR sessions.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups regarding pain, grip strength, pectoralis minor flexibility, CMS values, or SF-36 score (p>0.05). There were significant differences in pain levels measured before and after all MFR sessions. Moreover, a significant decrease is shown between the first and last sessions in the MFR group (p<0.05).ConclusionMFR can be useful, especially in postoperative RC patients who have pain in the early period. Significant reductions in pain intensity after MFR can help prepare patients for exercise and reduce pain-related medication use.

Background Despite advances in hand therapy and surgery, functional deficits persist after flexor tendon repair especially in zone I-III. This suggests that methods applied may be insufficient. Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback may provide an effective tendon gliding through visual and auditory feedback. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of EMG biofeedback training applied in addition to early passive motion protocol on functional status in zone I-III flexor tendon injuries. Methods Patients were randomly assigned into two groups, each consisted of 11 patients. In addition to early passive motion method, EMG biofeedback training was applied in the first group. The second group was followed only with early passive motion protocol. Joint range of motion (ROM), Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) and grip strength were evaluated. Results There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the ROM, MHQ scores and grip strength (p >= .087). However, there were clinically important differences in the results of the 12th week ROM (effect size = 0.70), 24th week activity of daily living (ADL) score in MHQ (effect size = 0.68), 12th week gross, tip pinch and lateral grip strength (effect sizes = 0.59, 0.52, 0.81, respectively) and 24th week gross, tip pinch and lateral grip strength (effect sizes = 0.69, 0.73, 0.69, respectively) between the two groups. Conclusions EMG biofeedback training was clinically but not statistically superior to early passive motion method in terms of the effect on functional status.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the standing, stooping and crouching performances with the lower body and lower extremity flexibility and strength. Methods: Over the age of 18 years, 97 volunteer sedentary young adults were included in this cross-sectional study. Valpar 9 Whole Body Range of Motion test was used to evaluate standing, stooping and crouching performances. In addition, modified sit-and-reach and isometric back-leg strength tests were applied to the participants. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between standing, stooping and crouching performances, and flexibility and muscular strength. Results: The mean age of the participants was 23.5±1.4 (20-31) years. The body mass index of the participants was 22.3±3.2 (16.6-31.8) kg/m2. In this study, no relationship was found between standing, stooping and crouching performances, and flexibility of hamstring-lumbar extensor muscles and isometric back-leg muscle strength in sedentary young adults (p>0.05). Conclusion: Standing, stooping and crouching performances have a low level of necessity for lower body and lower extremity flexibility and isometric muscle strength. In further studies, it would be appropriate to examine these activities for other parameters of physical fitness such as muscular endurance.

The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the KFORCE Sens (R) electrogoniometer in the evaluation of wrist proprioception. Wrist position sense was assessed on a Baseline (R) 360 & DEG; universal goniometer and a KFORCE Sens (R) device. The validity and reliability of the KFORCE Sens (R) device for wrist position sense evaluation were investigated by comparing the two data sets. Fifty-three healthy volunteers (39 female, 14 male) with a mean age of 22.83 +/- 1.28 years (range, 21-27 years) were included. Joint position sense test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient) on KFORCE Sens (R) was "very good " for all wrist movements. There was a very strong correlation between flexion-extension movements on the dominant side (r = 0.955), and a strong correlation between ulnar- radial deviation movements (r = 0.745). There was also a very strong (r = 0.863) correlation between flexion-extension movements on the non-dominant side and a strong correlation (r = 0.690) between ulnar- radial deviation movements (p < 0.05). Our results showed that the KFORCE Sens (R) device was a valid and reliable evaluation means of assessing wrist position sense. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of SFCM.

The relationship between patient-reported outcome measures and objective measures is important for understanding patient expectations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of each section of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) to objective measurements in patients with distal radius fracture (DRF). Eighty-four patients who were treated operatively or non-operatively for DRF were included. Injury severity was assessed by the Modified Hand Injury Severity Score. Joint motion was assessed at 6 and 12 weeks and grip strength at 12 weeks after non-operative treatment or surgery. The MHQ was used to assess hand functionality. The relationships between measurements were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Fifty-one patients (60.7%) were women and 33 (39.3%) men. Mean age was 48.17 +/- 12.26 (range, 20-64) years. Fifty-two (61.9%) patients were treated surgically and 32 (38.1%) non-operatively. Forearm pronation-supination and wrist flexion and ulnar deviation at week 6 and forearm pronation-supination, wrist extension and radial deviation at week 12 correlated with MHQ scores, unlike wrist extension and radial deviation at week 6 and flexion and ulnar deviation at week 12. Gross and fine grip strength at week 12 correlated with MHQ, except for the overall hand function, work performance and pain subsections. The MHQ subsections correlated with joint motion and grip strength in the early period after DRF. These findings clarified patient expectations in the early period.(c) 2022 SFCM. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Our objective was to compare grip strength measurement in two body positions (sitting and standing) with the K-Force® Grip dynamometer and the Jamar® Plus Digital hand dynamometer, and to conduct a test-retest study of the K-Force Grip device. The study was conducted on 50 healthy young adults aged 18-25 years. Maximal grip strength was tested in sitting and standing positions with both devices. After 2 days, a re-test was conducted with the K-Force Grip. The correlation coefficient was high for grip strength measurements in sitting and standing positions with the K-Force Grip and Jamar Plus dynamometers (r > 0.9 for all). K-Force Grip values were similar in sitting and standing positions (p > 0.05). Despite this similarity, K-Force Grip measured significantly lower values than Jamar Plus (p < 0.05). Thus, the K-Force Grip device can be used as an alternative to the Jamar Plus dynamometer, regarded as the gold standard in evaluating grip strength. We believe that the same devices should be used in clinical studies, research, and patient follow-up.

BACKGROUND:Physiotherapy and rehabilitation students need to be aware of the global COVID-19 pandemic and choose the correct interventions.OBJECTIVES:To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and precautions of physiotherapy and rehabilitation students regarding COVID-19 during the global pandemic.METHODS:A total of 438 physiotherapy and rehabilitation students participated in the study. A web-based descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted using the "Google Forms" on physiotherapy and rehabilitation students in the months of February, March, and April 2021. The online questionnaire consisted of six main sections containing 130 items: (1) sociodemographic information, (2) knowledge sources and knowledge about COVID-19, (3) attitudes about COVID-19, (4) behaviors, (5) precautions, and (6) being a physiotherapy and rehabilitation student during the COVID-19 pandemic. The collected data were reported in terms of mean, standard deviation, number, frequency, and percentage values.RESULTS:The vast majority of the participants (n = 291, 66.5%) often/always accessed information about COVID-19 via social media, 397 (90.6%) of them often/always wear masks. Moreover, 419 (95.6%) of the physiotherapy students knew the symptoms of COVID-19, and 409 (93.4%) of the students have been responded "yes" to the question of whether pulmonary rehabilitation should be applied in intensive care units for COVID-19 infections.CONCLUSIONS:Physiotherapy and rehabilitation students have adequate awareness about COVID-19. In this regard, physiotherapy and rehabilitation students should be included in appropriate educational programs to protect themselves, their relatives, and patients against COVID-19, and their knowledge about the treatment methods should be increased.

Introduction Hand dexterity is not addressed in patients with distal radius fracture (DRF) accompanied with ulnar styloid fracture (USF) in literature. This study aimed to determine whether an associated USF following a DRF has any effect on hand dexterity. Materials and Methods Patients diagnosed with DRF were included in the study and were divided into two groups according to the USF presence (USF group and non-USF group). Pain, range of motion, Quick-DASH (Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand), handgrip and pinch strength, Purdue Pegboard test, and Jebsen Taylor Hand Function test were measured in the sixth month. Results A total of 125 patients, 68 females (54.4%) and 57 males (45.6%) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 47.15 13.41 (18-65) years. There were 60 patients (48%) in the USF group and 65 patients (52%) in the non-USF group. No significant difference was found in pain, range of motion, Quick-DASH and handgrip and pinch strength between the groups (p > 0.05). The hand dexterity tests showed no statistically significant difference between the groups in the sixth month (p > 0.05). Discussion Hand function can be determined more accurately by assessing hand dexterity. In this study, it is emphasized that concomitant USF does not lead to poorer hand dexterity.

Objective: The aim of this study to investigate the efficacy of bilateral symmetrical proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns in increasing the muscle strength in the upper extremity by comparing their combination with elastic resistance band (ERB) use versus physiotherapist-administered programs. Methods: Participants were randomly divided into two groups (PNF, elastic resistance band). The strength increasing exercise program was administered to the participants of both groups 3 days a week for 6 weeks. All participants were evaluated before and after exercise program. The circumferences of the upper extremities and hand grip strengths were evaluated. The push-up and dip-strength tests were performed to evaluate the endurance of the arm and the shoulder girdle. Results: A total of 40 individuals in the age range from 20 to 25 years [(PNF group: +/- standard deviation (SD) =21.80 +/- 1.05 years; ERB group: +/- SD =21.40 +/- 1.66 years] were included in this study. The comparison of before and after the exercise revealed that there was a statistically significant increase in the arm and forearm circumferences of both extremities in the both groups after the training (p<0.05). The groups comparisons demonstrated that there were no statistically significant change differences in the circumferences of the arms, forearms, and the wrists of both extremities; and the number of push-ups and dip-strength repeats (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that PNF patterns can be used in these two different modes of administration (with ERB and manually by the physiotherapist) to increase the muscle strength and improve endurance in the upper extremity and that none of them was superior to the other.

Objective: This study was planned in an attempt to evaluate the relationship between time management skills and leisure time management. Material and Method: This study was conducted with 325 students. Time Management Inventory and Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale were used to assess students’ time management and leisure activity satisfaction. Students’ leisure time satisfaction and time management skills were compared according to accommodation, grade, and gender. Results: There was positive relationship between time management and leisure time satisfaction (r: 0.351; p: 0.001). Conclusion: It is thought that this study provides information on the relationship between time management and leisure time usage for university curriculum planners, and community health professionals. Inclusion of time management and leisure time usage courses to undergraduate education can help university students to improve their time management skills and increase their participation in leisure time activities which will encourage university students’ to use potential strategies that help to develop healthy and active communities.

Objectives: Distal radius fracture (DRF) affects overall health status. The International Function Classification (ICF) based approach offered a different perspective on DRF management. The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program administered in patients with DRF from an ICF perspective. Methods: In this prospective study, 53 patients were divided into conservative and surgical groups and were admitted to 12-weeks supervised rehabilitation program. Body structure and functions were evaluated with pain assessment, range of motion and muscle strength measurement. Also, radiographic evaluations were done. Activity participation was assessed with Push-Off Test (POT), Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHOQ), Quick Disabilities of Arm-Shoulder and Hand (Q-DASH) and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT). Measurements were made on the 2nd, 6th week and the 3rd, 6th months. Results: A total of 53 patients, 32 female (60.4%) and 21 male (39.6%) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 47,43±12,20 (23-60) years. 35 (66%) patients were treated conservatively and 18 (34%) patients were surgically treated. There was no difference between groups in pain level, range of motion, grip strength, POT, MHOQ, Q-DASH, JTHFT and radiologic measurements (p>0,05). Conclusion: Creating an ICF-based assessment and intervention plan for the activity participation of patients with DRF guides hand surgeons and hand therapists in achieving their goals.

OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between health-related quality of life and risk of falling, fear of falling, and functional status in patients with hip arthroplasty.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, 48 hips of 45 patients who aged between 33 and 79 (53.56 ± 12.50) years and had cementless total hip arthroplasty between 2010 and 2014 were evaluated. Twenty-seven of the patients participated in the study were female (60.0%) and 18 were male (40.0%). Health-related quality of life with Nottingham Health Profile, function of the hip joint with Harris Hip Score, risk of falling with Performance-Oriented Motion Assessment I, and fear of falling with Falls Efficacy Scale were assessed. In addition, chair stand test, 40-m walk test, stair-climb test, and single leg stance test were carried out. In analysing the relationships between these parameters, Pearson correlation analysis was employed. The level of significance was considered as p < 0.05.RESULTS:Among the cases, who were evaluated 87.10 ± 45.22 (22.43-214.71) weeks after the operation, a significant correlation was found between health-related quality of life and risk of falling, function of hip joint, and functional tests (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The evaluation of the factors related to health-related quality of life in hip arthroplasty patients may help identify patient needs and guide the rehabilitation process.

e-posta:fahirdemirkan@yahoo.com (orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-7068) Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of hand enchondroma patients treated by curettage and then filling of the defect with injectable calcium phosphate cement. Material and methods: 16 patients were included in this retrospective study. The radiological, clinical (pain intensity, range of motion) and functional outcomes (Quick-DASH, grip and pinch strengths) were evaluated. Results: There was a significant reduction in mean pain scores post operatively. All patients had full range of motion except 1 patient. New bone formation occurred in seven patients. Ectopic ossification, wound infection and recurrence were not observed in any patient. The mean Quick-DASH score was 7.3±11.9 postoperatively. 90% recovery of grip strength and 85-100% of pinch strength were obtained. Conclusion: Calcium phosphate cement is anticipated as a valuable alternative treatment method of hand enchondromas because of the lack of donor site morbidity, allowing early activity and providing good functional results.

Deprem ve yangın gibi afetler ekonomik ve sosyal yaşamı kısa sürede alt üst ederek, büyük maddi kayıplara, ölüm ve yaralanmalara yol açan insan faaliyetlerini durduran olaylardır. Nerede, ne zaman ve nasıl olacağı tahmin edilemeyen afetlere karşı herkes için uygulanabilir bir afet yönetim planı oluşturulmalıdır. Engelli bireyler için uygulanan afet hazırlıkları, sağlıklı bireyler için yapılan hazırlıklardan farklı olmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı, engellilerin afet sırasında içinde bulunduğu tehlikeyi azaltmak için neler yapması gerektiği konusunu araştırmak, engelli bireyler için afetlere hazırlığın aşamalarını belirlemek ve olası bir afette yapılması gereken acil durumları tespit etmektir.