Since motorcycles and motor scooters tend to be overrepresented in road crashes around the world, it is perhaps not surprising that much of the research and government policy attention on Powered-Two-Wheel (PTW) vehicles is focussed on road safety issues. In this context, safety gear (protective clothing) which could be worn by PTW riders is considered a key to decrease the severity of crashes. In this regard, understanding the patterns of safety gear use could be extremely helpful to develop the authors' knowledge in the context of the safety of PTW riders. This paper addresses the need for better knowledge about using different safety gear on the utilitarian and recreational use of different PTWs. The analysis draws on a special survey of PTW usage which was conducted in conjunction with a major household travel survey in Victoria, Australia. Cross tabulations and hypothesis testing provided insight into important differences across subgroups. Also logistic regression models are used to examine the factors which are correlated with whether a particular type of safety gear was worn by a rider or not. The riders’ gender, their riding distance, and purpose of travel including the engine capacity of the PTW are found to be significant explanatory variables. Logistic regression model revealed that male were less likely to wear different safety gears than females while they were found to be a higher proportion of PTW riders. However riders on higher engine capacity PTWs or those who were supposed to ride a greater distance or had a pillion passenger were more likely to wear different safety gears.

Given that powered two-wheelers (PTWs) are overrepresented in crash statistics around the world, it is perhaps not surprising that much of the research and government policy attention on PTWs is focused on road safety issues. An understanding of the potential role that these vehicles can play as an urban travel option in the context of sustainable transport is limited. The need for better knowledge about the utilitarian use of this vehicle class is addressed by examining the usage patterns and demographics of riders in Victoria, Australia. The analysis draws on a special survey of PTW users that was conducted in conjunction with a major household travel survey. Because respondents indicated whether their PTWs were motor scooters or motorcycles, the analysis was segmented by PTW type as well as trip purpose and rider demographics (particularly age and gender). Cross-tabulations and hypothesis testing provided insight into important differences across subgroups, and logistic regression models examined the factors that correlated with whether a motor scooter or motorcycle was the most likely PTW to have been used for a particular journey. Rider gender, age, and distance to be ridden were significant explanatory variables. The results provide insight into the use of PTWs for utilitarian travel and the factors that help explain differences in the use patterns of motor scooters and motorcycles.

Increasing concerns over traffic congestion, safety, availability of energy sources and environmental issues such as pollution and climate change have led to growing interest in sustainable urban transport. These challenges arise from the rapid growth of motor vehicle ownership and use in urban areas. While most of the focus has been on motorcars, the role, use and sustainability impacts of Powered Two Wheelers (P2Ws) have received relatively little attention by comparison. Sales of P2Ws in Australian cities have grown rapidly during the last decade, but there is little knowledge of the factors that influence the ownership and use of P2Ws in Australian cities. This paper identifies characteristics of the households who have P2Ws as well as the usage patterns of P2Ws in Melbourne. A range of disparate data has been analysed in an effort to understand the complex demand patterns associated with P2Ws. The insights gained will be required to develop policies for managing P2Ws in the context of a sustainable urban transport mode. The Victoria Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA) conducted in 2007 was used for exploratory analysis. Characteristics of households with P2Ws as well differences between the purpose and duration of trips using P2Ws and other vehicles were determined. An extensive patrol survey was undertaken in Melbourne’s Central Business District (CBD) to gain insights into the role of P2Ws in commuting demand.

Abstract. Every year a great amount of money is expended for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of roads and pavements in most countries. Besides, making an ideal decision on this based on the types of failures determined, takes too long. The rough-set theory is an eective tool for the analysis of information systems in a Pavement Management System (PMS) database gained by both objective and subjective methods. A rough-set based analysis acts like a knowledge engineer who sits between data and the user. This approach appears to capture information on uncertainty, imprecision and ambiguity along with precise values in a PMS database. This paper explores a new approach to the rough-set theory in a PMS database that enables pavement engineers to discover the shortest subsets of condition attributes having quality equal to the general quality of de ned characteristics in the information system, to assess and describe pavement conditions, and to derive decision rules for rehabilitation and reconstruction of the pavements. To evaluate the results, the best algorithm of de ned attributes in the information system is determined by making use of a stepwise linear regression method and the result is compared with rough-set ones. The results of the research indicate that the rough-set theory has a better and stronger operational capability in identifying the eective parameters for the severity evaluation of typical distresses in asphalt pavements and in decision-making for selecting the type of repair.

Various parameters affect the number of household trips, therefore it can be claimed that the first step in the modeling of trip-generation is identification of the most important of these parameters. In this research the effective parameters on trip-generation are determined and evaluated by using the rough-set approach as a modern mathematical method. The primary purpose of the present paper is to find the smallest sets of attributes having quality equal to the general quality of the defined characteristics in the information system. So, the number of parameters used in the modeling is reduced. To evaluate the results, the best algorithm of the defined attributes in the information system is identified by making use of the stepwise (stepwise linear regression) method and then compare the results with each other. The results of the research indicate that the rough-set theory has a better and stronger operational capability in identifying the effective parameters in trip-generation modeling. By taking advantage of these results, the amount of necessary data for trip-generation modeling is decreased and the speed and effectiveness of information processing are increased considerably. Keywords– Trip-generation, rough-set theory, decision-making algorithms