ABSTRACT The present study deals with a new species of saxicolous crustose lichen Thelopsis indica and two new records of corticolous crustose lichens named as Cryptothecia nigeriensis and Fissurina varieseptata from India. The new species of Thelopsis was collected from Horhap forest of Jharkhand, India. It is diagnosed as epilithic, smooth, areolate thallus c. 0.1–0.8 mm across, ascomata on thalline warts, 1–2 sunken ostioles, paraphysoids reticulately branched and anastomosing, ascospores 1‐septate, c. 5–6 × 2.5–2.75 μm, halonate. Cryptothecia nigeriensis and Fissurina varieseptata were collected from West Bengal, India. The species were identified and described on the basis of morpho‐anatomical and phytochemical parameters.

Mazosia is one of the most commonly encountered foliicolous genera, regularly present with high species richness in closed rainforest understory communities throughout the tropics. This first comprehensive multi-locus (ITS-nuLSU-mtSSU) phylogenetic analysis indicates a high level of previously unrecognized diversity, with a 50% increase in lineages recognized in this genus. On the basis of combined molecular and phenotypic data, sixteen new species of Mazosia from China are described: Mazosia centrica sp. nov ., M. dimorphoverrucosa sp. nov ., M. gelatinospora sp. nov ., M. intermedia sp. nov ., M. papillosa sp. nov ., M. pruinata sp. nov ., M. pseudoaptrootii sp. nov ., M. pseudocorticola sp. nov ., M. pseudomelanophthalma sp. nov ., M. pseudopapillosa sp. nov ., M. pseudopilosa sp. nov ., M. pseudopruinata sp. nov ., M. pseudotenuissima sp. nov ., M. sinensis sp. nov ., M. straminea sp. nov ., and M. verrucosa sp. nov . A new, world-wide key to the known species of Mazosia is presented.

A new Philippine lichen species, Megalotremis oleosa, discovered from the dwarf forest over ultramafic soil in Mindanao, southern Philippines, is described. This is the first species of Megalotremis with a heavily inspersed hamathecium, a character which has not been reported, so far, from the genus. Additionally, this report marks the first record of the genus Megalotremis in the Philippines. Megalotremis oleosa is known only from the type locality in Mt. Redondo. The discovery of the new lichen species highlights the importance of continued exploration and documentation efforts within the Philippine archipelago.

The lichenized fungal genus Pyrenula Ach. is one of the most common groups of crustose lichens in tropical and subtropical regions, but there has been little research on this genus in China. Based on an integrative taxonomic method including morphological, chemical characters, and three-locus phylogenetic analyses, we found three new Pyrenula species from southern China. Pyrenula falcatispora sp. nov. is characterized by multiseptate (7-9-septate), falciform ascospores with pointed ends, and the presence of pseudocyphellae; Pyrenula rectiloculata sp. nov. is characterized by elongate-fusiform ascospores (5-7(-8)-septate) with pointed ends and rectangular lumina, the absence of pseudocyphellae, and the inspersed hamathecium; Pyrenula jinghongensis sp. nov. is unique in having 2-spored asci, large and muriform ascospores with 14-19 transverse septa. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that these three species form independent lineages within the genus. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons with morphologically similar taxa are provided. Notably, taxa with ascospores more than four times as long as wide or 2-spored asci were uncommon within the genus Pyrenula. This is the first report of transversely septate Pyrenula taxa with ascospores more than four times as long as wide in China. Meanwhile, a key for the Pyrenula species reported in China is provided.

Jharkhand is one of the unexplored states for lichen in India and geographically situated in Chota Nagpur Plateau region. The present study deals with study of lichen diversity in two different forests of Jharkhand, i.e., Horhap and Lali forests under Horhap forest beat. Collection of 111 species of lichens was done. After studying them, 101 species found to be first time report from this place. Additionally, six species of lichens, namely Arthopyrenia platypyrenia (Nyl.) Arnold, Cryptolechia myriadella (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. Dibben, Fissurina pseudostromatica Lücking Rivas Plata, Pertusaria flindersiana Kantvilas Elix., Polymeridium simulans R.C. Harris. and Thelocarpon strasseri Zahlbr. were found to be new to the Indian lichen flora. All of the species were identified and described on the basis of morpho-anatomical and phytochemical parameters. Distribution and diversity of species in different habitats, with their growth forms and families are represented in this article.

Ascomycota, the most speciose phylum of fungi, is a complex entity, comprising three diverse subphyla: Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, and Taphrinomycotina. The largest and most diverse subphylum, Pezizomycotina, is a rich tapestry of 16 classes and 171 orders. Saccharomycotina, the second largest subphylum, is a diverse collection of seven classes and 12 orders, while Taphrinomycotina, the smallest, is a unique assembly of six classes and six orders. Over the past decade, numerous taxonomic studies have focused on the generic, family, and class classifications of Ascomycota. These efforts, well-documented across various databases, are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the classification. However, the study of taxonomy at the ordinal level, a crucial tier in the taxonomic hierarchy, has been largely overlooked. In a global collaboration with mycologists and lichenologists, this study presents the first comprehensive information on the orders within Pezizomycotina and Taphrinomycotina. The recent taxonomic classification of Saccharomycotina has led to the exclusion of this subphylum from the present study, as an immediate revision is not necessary. Each order is thoroughly discussed, highlighting its historical significance, current status, key identification characteristics, evolutionary relationships, ecological and economic roles, future recommendations, and updated family-level classification. Teaching diagrams for the life cycles of several orders, viz. Asterinales, Helotiales, Hypocreales, Laboulbeniales, Meliolales, Mycosphaerellales, Ophiostomatales, Pezizales, Pleosporales, Phyllachorales, Rhytismatales, Sordariales, Venturiales, Xylariales (Pezizomycotina) and Pneumocystidales, Schizosaccharomycetales and Taphrinales (Taphrinomycotina) are provided. Each diagram is explained with a representative genus/genera of their sexual and asexual cycles of each order. Within Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes contains the highest number of orders, with 57, followed by Sordariomycetes (52 orders), Lecanoromycetes (21 orders), Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes (12 orders each), Laboulbeniomycetes (3 orders), and Arthoniomycetes and Xylonomycetes (2 orders each). Candelariomycetes, Coniocybomycetes, Geoglossomycetes, Lichinomycetes, Orbiliomycetes, Pezizomycetes, Sareomycetes, and Xylobotryomycetes each contain a single order, while Thelocarpales and Vezdaeales are treated as incertae sedis within Pezizomycotina. Notably, the classes Candelariomycetes, Coniocybomycetes, Geoglossomycetes, Sareomycetes, and Xylonomycetes, all recently grouped under Lichinomycetes, are treated as separate classes based on phylogenetic analysis and current literature. Within Lecanoromycetes, the synonymization of Sporastatiales with Rhizocarpales and Sarrameanales with Schaereriales is not supported in the phylogenetic analysis. These orders are retained separately, and the justifications are provided under each section as well as in the discussion. Within Leotiomycetes, the order Medeolariales, which was once considered part of Helotiales, is treated as a distinct order based on phylogenetic evidence. The classification of Medeolariales may change as more data becomes available from different gene regions. Lahmiales (Leotiomycetes) is not included in the phylogenetic analysis due to a lack of molecular data. Sareomycetes and Xylonomycetes are treated as separate classes. Spathulospora mixed with Lulworthiales and the inclusion of Spathulosporales within Lulworthiomycetidae is supported and extant molecular sampling is important to resolve the phylogenetic boundaries of members of this subclass. The majority of the classes of Pezizomycotina and Taphrinomycotina formed monophyletic clades in the phylogenetic analysis conducted based on SSU, LSU, 5.8S, TEF and RPB2 sequence data. However, Arthoniomycetes nested with the basal lineage of Dothideomycetes and formed a monophyletic clade also known as the superclass, Dothideomyceta. In Taphrinomycotina, a single order is accepted within each class.

The lichen genus Pyrenula (Pyrenulaceae) in Aotearoa | New Zealand was last comprehensively treated by Galloway (2007), who called for further targeted collecting. Since then, additional material, particularly from northern Te Ika-a-Māui | North Island and Rēkohu | Wharekauri | Chatham Island, has led to revised identifications and an improved understanding of species boundaries within the genus. Among the taxa requiring reassessment is Pyrenula moniliformis, an enigmatic species known only from the type. The species was recognised in herbarium specimens held in UNITEC from the Tāmaki Makaurau | Auckland Region of Aotearoa | New Zealand. These collections resulted in its rediscovery. Critical study of specimens and others that had been placed within P. moniliformis enabled detailed morphological comparisons, particularly of ascospore septation and size, and revealed that P. moniliformis sensu lato encompasses multiple taxa. Here, we present a revised circumscription of P. moniliformis sensu stricto, and describe four new species: P. dalmatioides A.J. Marshall, Blanchon, Aptroot & de Lange, P. largei A.J. Marshall, de Lange, Blanchon & Aptroot, P. quadratolocularis A.J. Marshall, de Lange, Blanchon & Aptroot, and P. solomonii A.J. Marshall, de Lange, Blanchon & Aptroot. For all five species, we provide morphological descriptions, ecological notes, distribution data, conservation assessments and a revised key to the members of Pyrenula moniliformis complex.

We describe the new lichen species Lecanora austrocalcicola from a limestone outcrop in Brazil, characterized by a verrucose thallus and small apothecia with pale discs with relatively prominent margins that are UV+ yellow, and by the presence of lichexanthone on the apothecium margin. It resembles some species of Myriolecis and Polyozosia but can be distinguished with phylogenetic analyses.

A new Philippine foliicolous species, Porina dolichoepiphylla , was discovered from the central part of Mindanao Island, and is described and illustrated here. This new species is characterized by conspicuously longer ascospores, a feature shared only with P. virescens within the Porina epiphylla subgroup but can be distinguished from the latter by its hairless surface, as well as rough thalli with primordia of perithecia. Porina dolichoepiphylla sp. nov. is known only from the type locality on Mt Kitanglad, growing along the frond of Asplenium vittaeforme in a shady lower montane forest. An updated checklist of Porina species in the Philippines with a taxonomic key to the foliicolous species of the Porina epiphylla subgroup is also provided. The discovery of the new lichen species highlights the importance of continued exploration and documentation efforts within the Philippine archipelago.

A checklist of all lichenized fungi reported from Brazil is presented, including synonyms, orthographic variants and errors, misapplied names and misidentifications, and excluded names. Overall, 4,828 taxa are accepted (4,799 species and 29 infraspecific taxa), doubling the number reported in a previous checklist, with an additional 3,350 synonyms, orthographic variants and errors, and (partially) misapplied and excluded names. State-level distributions with corresponding references are given for all accepted taxa. The following 25 new combinations or replacement names are proposed: Buellia nortetrapla (Aptroot, I.Oliveira & M.Caceres) Aptroot & Lucking comb. nov. (equivalent to Hafellia nortetrapla Aptroot, I.Oliveira & M.Caceres), Buellia pruinohafellia Aptroot & L & uuml;cking nom. nov. (replaced synonym: Hafellia pruinosa Marbach & Kalb), Celothelium burchellii (M & uuml;ll.Arg.) Aptroot & L & uuml;cking comb. nov. (equivalent to Pleurotrema burchellii M & uuml;ll.Arg.), Cliostomum subplebejum (Vain.) Aptroot comb. nov. (equivalent to Lecidea subplebeja Vain.), Cliostomum variicolor (Malme) Aptroot comb. nov. (equivalent to Catillaria variicolor Malme), Collemopsidium ceuthocarpoides (Mull.Arg.) Aptroot comb. nov. (equivalent to Arthopyrenia ceuthocarpoides Mull.Arg.), Collemopsidium zonatum (Mull.Arg.) Aptroot comb. nov. (equivalent to Arthopyrenia zonata Mull.Arg.), Crespoa roystoneae (Vicente & L.Xavier) Can & ecirc;z & Buril comb. nov. (equivalent to Parmelia roystoneae Vicente & L.Xavier), Fissurina vermiculus (Fee) Aptroot & Lucking comb. nov. (equivalent to Opegrapha vermiculus Fee), Flagellostrigula pyrenuloides (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lucking comb. nov. (equivalent to Strigula pyrenuloides Aptroot), Graphis redingeriana L & uuml;cking & Aptroot nom. nov. (replaced synonym: Graphina innata Redinger, non Graphis innata C.Knight ex Shirley), Hypotrachyna zahlbruckneri (Lynge) Aptroot & Lucking comb. nov. (equivalent to Parmelia zahlbruckneri Lynge; synonyms: Parmelia palmarum Lynge, nom. inval.; Hypotrachyna palmarum Lynge ex Hale, nom. illeg.), Lecidella fuscelliformis (Malme) Aptroot comb. nov. (equivalent to Lecidea fuscelliformis Malme), Lobariella faxinensis (Mull.Arg.) Lucking, B.Moncada & Aptroot comb. nov. (equivalent to Ricasolia faxinensis Mull.Arg.), Micarea americana (Malme) Aptroot & L & uuml;cking comb. nov. (equivalent to Catillaria americana Malme), Phlyctis subcalyptica (Redinger) L & uuml;cking & Aptroot comb. nov. (equivalent to Phaeographina subcalyptica Redinger), Phyllopsora byssigera (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & L & uuml;cking comb. nov. (equivalent to Lecidea byssigera Zahlbr.), Phyllopsora granulatofurfuracea (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lucking comb. nov. (equivalent to Lecidea granulatofurfuracea Kremp.), Placynthiella termitophila (Malme) Aptroot & Lucking comb. nov. (equivalent to Lecidea termitophila Malme), Stegobolus columellatus (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & L & uuml;cking comb. nov., (equivalent to Ocellularia columellata Zahlbr.), Sticta sublaciniata (Malme) Lucking, B.Moncada & Aptroot comb. et stat. nov. (equivalent to Sticta damicornis var. sublaciniata Malme), Sulzbacheromyces neofossicola (Corner) Dal Forno, L & uuml;cking & Aptroot comb. nov. (equivalent to Clavaria neofossicola Corner), Sulzbacheromyces tutunendo subsp. armeniacus (Corner) Dal Forno, Lucking & Aptroot comb. et stat. nov. (equivalent to Clavaria neofossicola var. armeniaca Corner), Trapeliopsis glaucoplaca (Vain.) Aptroot comb. nov. (equivalent to Lecidea glaucoplaca Vain.), Yoshimuriella minor (Nyl.) L & uuml;cking, B.Moncada & Aptroot comb. et stat. nov. (equivalent to Ricasolia dissecta var. minor Nyl.). Although the number of 4,828 taxa constitutes the highest for any country in the world thus far reported, the actual number for Brazil could be much higher, considering the level of cryptic diversity encountered in recent molecular phylogenetic studies focusing on particular groups, such as Caliciaceae, Lecanora, or especially Pertusaria. An estimate perhaps up to 10,000 taxa does not seem unreasonable.

AbstractAccording to International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) guidelines, all species must be assessed against all criteria during the Red Listing process. For organismal groups that are diverse and understudied, assessors face considerable challenges in assembling evidence due to difficulty in applying definitions of key terms used in the guidelines. Challenges also arise because of uncertainty in population sizes (Criteria A, C, D) and distributions (Criteria A2/3/4c, B). Lichens, which are often small, difficult to identify, or overlooked during biodiversity inventories, are one such group for which specific difficulties arise in applying Red List criteria. Here, we offer approaches and examples that address challenges in completing Red List assessments for lichens in a rapidly changing arena of data availability and analysis strategies. While assessors still contend with far from perfect information about individual species, we propose practical solutions for completing robust assessments given the currently available knowledge of individual lichen life-histories.

Foliicolous lichens grow on living leaves of vascular plants. They are mostly found in tropical to subtropical or temperate rainforests. Many phenotype-based species are considered as pantropical or even sub-cosmopolitan, either attributed to old ages, having existed prior to continental breakups or long-distance dispersal. We built a much expanded, global phylogeny of Gomphillaceae, the most diverse group of leaf-dwelling lichenised fungi. Our sampling encompassed six major biodiversity hotspots: MIOI (Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands), the Caribbean, New Caledonia, the Colombian Chocó, Mesoamerica and the Atlantic coast of Brazil. It was based on multilocus sequence data (mtSSU rDNA, nuLSU rDNA and RPB1), including 2207 sequences of 1256 specimens. Species delimitation methods combined with a phenotype matrix identified 473 putative species. Amongst these, 104 are confirmed as described, 213 are classified as cryptic or near cryptic (hidden diversity), 100 represent new species to science (identified on the basis of phenotype) and 56 remain unidentified. Amongst the 104 species with a valid name, 40.5% are distributed across 2–5 continents (lichenogeographical regions) by applying the phenotype-based species concept. However, using the integrative approach to delineate species, this estimate is reduced to 9%. We estimate the global species richness of Gomphillaceae at 1,861–2,356 species. The timing of species-level divergences suggests that the current distribution of foliicolous lichens is shaped more by long-distance dispersal and rapid diversification than by vicariance. The origin of the family and major clades appears to be in the Neotropics, with subsequent numerous dispersal events. Our results support the separation of three major lineages, corresponding to the former families Asterothyriaceae, Gomphillaceae s.str. and Solorinellaceae, which should be recognised at the subfamily level.

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This article is the 17th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series which allows the researchers to publish fungal collections with updated reports of fungus-host and fungus-geography. Herein we report 97 taxa with four new genera distributed in three phyla (Ascomycota, Glomeromycota and Mucoromycota), 11 classes, 38 orders and 62 families collected from various regions worldwide. This collection is further classified into taxa from 69 genera with four novel genera namely Jinshana, Lithophyllospora, Parapolyplosphaeria and Stegonsporiicola. Furthermore, 71 new species, 21 new records, one new combination and four novel phylogenetic placements are provided. The new species comprise Acrocalymma estuarinum, Aggregatorygma isidiatum, Alleppeysporonites elsikii, Amphibambusa aquatica, Apiospora hongheensis, Arthrobotrys tachengensis, Calonectria potisiana, Collariella hongheensis, Colletotrichum squamosae, Corynespora chengduensis, Diaporthe beijingensis, Dicellaesporites plicatus, Dicellaesporites verrucatus, Dictyoarthrinium endophyticum, Distoseptispora chiangraiensis, Dothiora eucalypti, Epicoccum indicum, Exesisporites chandrae, Fitzroyomyces pseudopandanicola, Fomitiporia exigua, Fomitiporia rondonii, Fulvifomes subthailandicus, Gigaspora siqueirae, Gymnopus ailaoensis, Hyalorbilia yunnanensis, Hygrocybe minimiholatra, H. mitsinjoensis, H. parviholatra, H. solis, H. vintsy, Helicogermslita kunmingensis, Jinshana tangtangiae, Kirschsteiniothelia dujuanhuensis, Lamproderma subcristatum, Leucoagaricus madagascarensis, Leucocoprinus mantadiaensis, Lithophyllospora australis, Marasmius qujingensis, Melomastia aquilariae, Monoporisporites jansoniusii, M. pattersonii, Monoporisporites valdiyae, Mucispora maesotensis, Mucor soli, Muyocopron yunnanensis, Nigrospora tomentosae, Ocellularia psorirregularis, Ophiocordyceps duyunensis, Oxneriaria nigrodisca, Oxydothis aquatica, O. filiforme, Phacidiella xishuangbannaensis, Phlebiopsis subgriseofuscescens, Pleurothecium takense, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Pseudochaetosphaeronema puerensis, Pseudodactylaria guttulate, Racheliella chinensis, Rhexoacrodictys fangensis, Roussoella neoaquatica, Rubroboletus pruinosus, Sanghuangporus subzonatus, Scytalidium assmuthi, Shrungabeeja kudremukhensis, Spirographa skorinae, Stanjehughesia bambusicola, Stegonsporiicola aurantiaca, Umbelopsis hingganensis, Vararia tenuata, Verruconis pakchongensis, Wongia bandungensis, and Zygosporium cymodoceae. The new combination is Parapolyplosphaeria thailandica (≡ Polyplosphaeria thailandica). The 21 new hosts, geographical and habitat records comprise Acrocalymma fici, Apiculospora spartii, Aspergillus subramanianii, Camposporium ramosum, Clonostachys rogersoniana, Colletotrichum brevisporum, C. plurivorum, Collybiopsis gibbosa, Dictyosporium tratense, Distoseptispora adscendens, Exosporium livistonae, Ganoderma gibbosum, Graphis mikuraensis, Gymnosporangium paraphysatum, Lasiodiplodia thailandica, Moesziomyces bullatus, Penicillium cremeogriseum, P. echinulonalgiovense, P. javanicum, P. lanosocoeruleum, P. polonicum, and Pleurotus tuber-regium. Graphis chlorotica, G. panhalensis and G. parilis are given as novel phylogenetic placements. In addition, we provide the morphology of Tarzetta tibetensis which was missing in the previous Fungal Diversity Notes 1611–1716. Identification of characterization of all these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses.

We describe 14 new lichen species in the family Graphidaceae, mainly from the Amazon basin: Acanthothecis aggregata, Allographa ancelina, A. apicalinspersa, Chapsa constrictospora, C. diorygmoides, C. lichexanthonica, Clandestinotrema caloplacosporum, Diorygma defectoisidiatum, D. gyrosum, D. lichexanthonicum, D. norsubmuriforme, D. salxanthonicum, D. toensbergianum, and Ocellularia flavoradiata. For each species, it is indicated where and how it would key out in a recent identification key. Two of the Diorygma species are sterile and were assigned to this genus by sequencing the mtSSU gene. Five additional species are new to Brazil and 27 others, including some Gomphillaceae, are new state records.

Pyrenocarpous lichens are an important component of the forest ecosystem, yet remain understudied. Following the recent field surveys of the lichen biota in Mt. Musuan, four pyrenolichen species previously unreported from the Philippines were collected, namely: Porina exocha, Pyrenula pyrenuloides, P. subsoluta, and Nigrovothelium inspersotropicum. Each species is briefly described with morphology and chemistry, distribution, ecology, notes, and illustrations. These collections underscore the need for expanded research attention to fully catalogue the lichen diversity in the Philippines.

Lithothelium kiritea A.J. Marshall, Aptroot, de Lange & Blanchon sp. nov. (Pyrenulaceae) is described from Aotearoa / New Zealand. The new species has a mainly coastal and mostly westerly distribution in Aotearoa / New Zealand and is thus far known only from the bark of living Cordyline australis (Asparagaceae). The new species is separated from Lithothelium australe (treated here as endemic to the Chatham Islands), by its corticolous, rather than saxicolous habit, white to pale buff (when fresh) thallus and large ascospores (measuring 32−40 × 12−15 μm). Lithothelium kiritea is easily recognised and usually abundant in the locations where it has been found, yet it seems to have not been collected until 1973 when it was sampled once and then not collected again until 2018. Currently, specimens matching L. kiritea have not been reported from Australia, so we recommend it be searched for there. Within Aotearoa / New Zealand, we propose that the species be assessed as ‘Not Threatened’ using the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

The Serra da Bodoquena National Park is an important protected area that promotes the conservation of a threatened ecosystem, the Dry Forest. It comprises two major fragments of predominantly Seasonally Dry Forest vegetation. The two fragments are under different protection schemes because they are considered different biomes. The southern fragment is considered part of the Atlantic Forest biome, and is thus protected by the Atlantic Forest Law, while the northern one is considered part of the Cerrado biome and is protected by the Native Vegetation Protection Law of Brazil (2012). This difference affects management and threatens the conservation of the National Park. The Native Vegetation Protection Law is more permissive, thus increasing the conflicts between the park and surroundings in the northern fragment. We used floristic composition to provide a more accurate definition for the two fragments with regard to their phytogeographical domain. Our results identified high floristic similarity between the fragments, indicating the same vegetation type for both. Among the 202 plant species identified in this study, 76% belong to the Atlantic Forest biome. This relatively high proportion indicates that the predominant vegetation and species composition of the National Park is typical of the Atlantic Forest. The occurrence of fragments of the Atlantic Forest, with a representative number of species of its flora outside the area of application of the law of the Atlantic Forest, defined by Decree No. 6.660 / 2008, indicates the need to elaborate or adapt the law to protect these fragments.

Twelve new lichen species are described in the family Arthoniaceae. All are sterile white crusts growing on overhanging trees (and one on living palm fronds) in ten different states in tropical Brazil. In the tropics, sterile crusts so far have been mostly disregarded. They are all characterized by their chemistry and morphology, often including pseudoisidia or soredia, but their phylogenetic relationships have been investigated with sequencing. The following species are described: Arthonia farinosorediata, with shallow soralia and without secondary metabolites; Crypthonia irregularis, with irregular isidia, confluentic acid and sometimes 2 ' E-O-methylperlatolic acid; Crypthonia pseudisidiata, with soft pseudoisidia and without secondary metabolites; Crypthonia stromatica, with sterile stromata and confluentic acid; Cryptophaea constrictopseudisidiata with pseudoisidia, lichexanthone and confluentic acid; Cryptophaea lichexanthopseudisidiata with pseudoisidia and lichexanthone; Cryptophaea lichexanthosorediata with soredia, lichexanthone and divaricatic acid; Cryptothecia lecanorosorediata with soredia and lecanoric acid; Glomerulophoron confluentisorediatum with soredia, confluentic and 2 ' -O-methylperlatolic acids; Herpothallon psorpseudisidiatum on living palm fronds with a strongly attached thallus, long pseudoisidia and psoromic acid; Myriostigma minisorediatum with soredia and 2 ' -O-methylperlatolic acid; Pachnolepia longipseudisidiata with long pseudoisidia, and a thallus containing lichexanthone, confluentic acid and 2 ' -O-methylperlatolic acid.

Pedra Municipality Pernambuco State (Northeastern Brazil) is known for encompassing areas with high natural radiation from 238U sources, contaminating soil, atmosphere, water, vegetation, and animals, including rural activities. A lichen survey was performed in the area, and species belonging to 19 genera were identified. The diversity is considered very low when compared to nearby municipalities and other similar regions, which might indicate the effect of radiation on the environment. The lichen genus viz. Peltula seems uranium-resistant since its three species: Peltula obscurans (Nyl.) Gyeln., Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt and Peltula impressa (Vain.) Swinscow & Krog were the only ones found on rocks rich in this radionuclide. In this study, we show the first report of the occurrence of different Peltula species on anomalous rocks rich in natural radionuclides. In addition, it is the first official reference of P. obscurans and P. impressa to Pernambuco state. The confirmation of the preference of Peltula for substrata radionuclides-rich can indicate this genus as a radioactivity bioindicator.