A manutenção de peixes utilizados como isca viva representa um desafio para comunidades ribeirinhas do Pantanal, especialmente em locais remotos e com acesso limitado à infraestrutura. Além disso, a a

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate the inclusion of carotenoids in the diet of layers on the production performance, quality and oxidative stability of eggs during storage. A total of 240 Dekalb White laying hens, 76 weeks of age, were used. The hens were allocated in completely randomized design with eight diets (control diet (CD); astaxanthin (AXT), 10 mg kg⁻1; lutein (LUT), 10 mg kg⁻1; lycopene (LYC), 10 mg kg⁻1; AXT + LUT, 10 mg kg⁻1 each; AXT + LYC, 10 mg kg⁻1 each; LUT + LYC, 10 mg kg⁻1 each; and AXT + LUT + LYC, 10 mg kg⁻1 each), five replicates, and six birds per experimental unit. Egg quality and oxidative stability were evaluated using a randomized 8 × 3 factorial design (diets × storage period: fresh, 15, and 30 days) with repeated measures. Eggs were stored either at room temperature (RT, 25 °C) or under refrigeration (RF, 8 °C) for the evaluation of egg quality and lipid stability. Dietary supplementation with astaxanthin (AXT; 10 mg kg⁻1), lutein (LUT; 10 mg kg⁻1), and lycopene (LYC; 10 mg kg⁻1), either individually or in combination, did not affect the zootechnical performance or overall egg quality of laying hens. However, AXT supplementation improves the oxidative stability of eggs compared with LYC, suggesting a greater protective effect against oxidative deterioration. Combined supplementation with AXT + LUT, AXT + LYC, and LUT + LYC enhances yolk pigmentation, whereas the simultaneous inclusion of all three carotenoids reduces pigmentation intensity. Regardless of dietary treatment, egg storage for up to 30 days at room temperature (25 °C) or under refrigeration (8 °C) negatively affects the internal quality of eggs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (EO) on pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) intestinal microbiota and morphometry. In this study, juveniles of P. mesopotamicus were fed with diets supplemented with 0.5 and 1% of Ocimum gratissimum EO for 30 days. At the end of this period, the intestinal microbiota of the pacus was relatively quantified through qPCR, and the intestinal morphometry was evaluated using histometric methods. O. gratissimum EO feeding supplementation at 1% significantly altered the intestinal microbiota of juvenile pacus, resulting in higher relative quantification of bacteria from the genera Enterococcus and Bacillus when compared to 0.5% and control groups. O. gratissimum EO feeding supplementation presented no effects in intestinal morphometry. Our results suggest that the feeding supplementation of P. mesopotamicus with O. gratissimum at 1% concentration during 30 days modulates the intestinal bacterial populations but do not cause any changes in intestinal morphometry.

Context Pantaneiro sheep, native to the Brazilian Pantanal, are distinguished by their rusticity and adaptability to adverse environments. These animals have demonstrated high productive potential in terms of carcass characteristics and meat quality. However, comparisons with improved breeds are limited, and factors such as sex class can also influence their productive parameters.Aim The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of breed (Santa In & ecirc;s and Pantaneiro) and sex class (castrated and intact) on the growth performance, ingestive behavior, carcass, and meat quality of lambs finished in feedlot.Methods Twenty 30-days-old lambs were allocated in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with the first factor being breed (SI = Santa In & ecirc;s or PA = Pantaneiro; 10 animals each) and the second factor being sex class (C = castrated or I = intact; 10 animals each).Key results For the SI breed, the I lambs had a longer finishing period (113 days) compared with the C lambs (88 days). In the PA lambs, the opposite was observed, i.e. the C animals showed a longer finishing period (124 days) than did the I animals (101 days). Dry matter intake (DMI) was greater for the SI breed C lambs (1.51 kg) than for the I lambs of the same breed (1.26 kg). The opposite was observed for the PA breed lambs, where DMI was lower for the C lambs (1.24 kg) than for the I lambs (1.46 kg). The meat from the SI lambs had lower shear force, luminosity, and chroma values, as well as a greater myofibrillar fragmentation index.Conclusions Santa In & ecirc;s lambs produce meat with superior qualitative characteristics, and castration does not reduce the growth performance of this breed. The castration reduces the average daily gain of Pantaneiro lambs.Implications The performance of intact lambs and the observed carcass yields demonstrated the potential of Pantaneiro sheep as a breed for intensive production.

ABSTRACT The aim was to evaluate the ingestive behavior and body development of backgrounded heifers from three genotypes in the Brazilian Pantanal. Twenty‐two heifers with an average body weight of 180 kg and 15 months of age were used, distributed into three genotype groups: eight Nelore (N), seven Nelore × Angus (½ Angus, NA), and seven Nelore × Pantaneiro (½ Pantaneiro, NP). Nelore and NP heifers exhibited similar grazing times, which were higher compared with NA heifers. It was observed that chest depth, heart girth, rump width between ischia, and hook width between ilia values were higher in NA heifers and similar among the other genotypes. The total and average daily gain of NA heifers was higher than N and NP heifers. It is concluded that there are significant differences in ingestive behavior and body development among genotypes, suggesting variations in the capacity of genotypes to adapt to the Pantanal environment. These results suggest that the crossbreeding between Nelore and Angus maximizes the benefits derived from heterosis, as individuals from this cross are more efficient in weight gain and have body development with desirable characteristics. The crossbreeding of the Pantaneiro breed with Nelore resulted in low body development in the NP heifers, indicating limited heterosis gains from this cross, even in the breed's native environment.

This experiment evaluated the effects of a nose flap (NF) device and bovine-appeasing substance (BAS) administration on the growth, temperament, immune response, and pasture behavior of calves during weaning. A total of 24 Nellore calves were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The factors were the use of an NF or not (NoNF) for 14 d before weaning and the administration of BASs or not (NoBAS) at weaning (d 0). NF vs. NoNF reduced (p ≤ 0.01) the average daily gain (ADG; d −7 to 84; −0.289 vs. 0.378 ± 0.13 kg/d) and the time ruminating but increased (p ≤ 0.05) the exit score from the chute (d 14 and 28) and the time grazing. BAS vs. NoBAS administration increased (p ≤ 0.02) the ADG (d 14 to 84; 0.487 vs. −0.08 ± 0.10 kg/d) and the time grazing, reduced (p < 0.01) the time ruminating, and tended to decrease (p ≤ 0.10) the exit score (d 7, 14 and 28) and the time vocalizing. Treatments did not affect (p ≥ 0.35) serum rabies titer concentration. Thus, the use of NFs reduced growth and increased stress after weaning, while BAS administration increased growth and decreased stress after weaning, altering behavior but not the immune system. According to the results of this experiment, the use of BASs but not NFs is recommended to alleviate weaning stress in beef calves.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate growth, body development and ingestive behavior of Nelore and crossbred heifers. Twenty-two contemporary heifers (eight Nelore, seven Nelore × Angus (½ Angus) and seven Nelore × Pantaneiro (½ Pantaneiro) crosses) were evaluated. The variables evaluated were weight, subcutaneous fat thickness [assessed by ultrasound in the longissimus dorsi (SFT) and biceps femoris (SFTP8)] morphometric measures and ingestive behavior (determined between 7 am and 5 pm). The daily gain differed between the breeds ( P < 0.05), being greater for the ½ Pantaneiro than Nelore and equal to ½ Angus at the end of the study. The ½ Angus heifers differed ( P < 0.01) from the other breeds for SFT (4.36 mm), with no difference between Nelore (2.77 mm) and ½ Pantaneiro (3.38 mm). The SFTP8 was greater ( P < 0.01) (5.36 mm) in ½ Angus heifers than t others crossbreed, and greater in ½ Pantaneiro than in Nelore (4.28 vs 3.29 mm). The heart girth and rump width between the ilia were larger ( P < 0.01) for the ½ Angus than ½ Pantaneiro and Nelore (169 cm; 41.6 cm, respectively). Substernal height was greatest ( P < 0.01) for the Nelore (69.1 cm), reflecting the greater anterior and posterior height. The ½ Angus spent the longest time ( P < 0.05) walking and less time grazing. Idleness also differed ( P < 0.05) throughout the day. Crossbred heifers exhibited better performance and development than Nelore. The grazing pattern of ½ Pantaneiro heifers was identical to Nelore, but walked less, gained more weight, and exhibited better carcass finishing.

The study investigates the performance and adaptability of Nellore sires across different regions, focusing on weight traits at 205 days (W205) and 550 days (W550). Analysis reveals significant variations in progeny weight means among evaluated sires, highlighting the importance of sire selection for herd improvement. Notably, certain sires consistently exhibit superior weight traits across diverse environmental conditions, indicating their potential for widespread applicability. Regression analysis further elucidates the adaptability of sires to specific herds, with some demonstrating adaptability to favorable conditions while others exhibit stability across various regions. Additionally, variance components and coefficients of determination serve as valuable tools for assessing stability and predictability in sire performance. Findings emphasize the critical role of informed sire selection in enhancing herd productivity and resilience. By leveraging these insights, livestock producers can optimize breeding strategies to achieve long-term profitability and sustainability in diverse environmental contexts

O objetivo deste estudo foi introduzir o conceito de bem-estar animal de peixes usando a aquariofilia com crianças na faixa etária de quatro a cinco anos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI) Dr Antonio de Arruda Sampaio, em Aquidauana/MS. Dois aquários foram implantados com recirculação de água, sendo um povoado somente com peixes nativos da região pantaneira, tais como tetra, mato-grosso, mocinha, apistograma e tetra olho-de-fogo, e um segundo aquário, com exemplares de peixes exóticos como kinguio, platy, peixe do paraíso e tricogaster prata. Foram realizados debates e atividades lúdicas com as crianças a respeito de características dos peixes, como hábitos de alimentação, saúde, seus respectivos habitats. Simultaneamente a essas atividades lúdicas, foram realizadas manutenções dos aquários, manejo alimentar e mensurações dos parâmetros de qualidade de água: pH, temperatura e amônia total, garantindo o bem-estar dos peixes. Ao longo de oito meses, foi possível observar uma melhora no letramento das crianças, que pode ser parcialmente atribuída ao projeto, devido a suas atividades que incentivam a leitura e a escrita.

The objective was to estimate the growth curves and genetic parameters using random regression methodology for Nellore cattle raised in Pantanal, MS, Brazil (6974 calves; n = 53,233 weights), with at least four weighings per individual. The model considered direct and maternal genetic additives and maternal permanent environmental effects at random. Orthogonal Legendre polynomials of cubic order were used to fit the growth curve. Analyses of variance were performed using the GLM procedure. The model used contained the fixed effects of sex, year of birth, farm, and the covariates calf birth month (linear and quadratic) and cow age at calving (linear and quadratic). The adjusted mean weight at 120 days of age was 93.43 ± 19.78 kg, and for 205 days of age, it was 180.42 ± 26.58 kg. Animals born in the dry season had a higher average weight [kg] (219.57 vs. 211.78, 3.7% higher) and, consequently, had higher weights at 646 days of age. Estimates of direct heritabilities (h2a) ranged from 0.35 to 0.75 (high magnitudes), and maternal heritabilities (h2m) along the trajectory of low magnitudes ranged from 0.03 to 0.08, respectively. The use of random regression to evaluate beef animals allows for adjusting the growth curve and selecting the best animals to be the parents of future generations.

The criteria for choosing the best technique to be used in bovine blood collection must surpass their costs, thus taking into consideration the easiness of handling and the efficiency of the method. The aim of this study was to assess three different bovine blood collection methods. The collection methods used were: the Traditional, the Vacuum-tube and the Krev. Nellore and Girolando (¾ Holstein x ¼ Gir) animals were used, twenty-five of each genetic group were submitted to two groups of operators, skilled and unskilled in blood collection. The reactivity of the animals in the containment trunk during blood collection was determined by heart and respiratory rate. The time spent for blood collection and the hematoma degree caused by the venipuncture in the coccygeal and jugular veins was measured. The microbiological contamination was measured by the Total Bacteria Counting and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli after blood collection was determined. The data were submitted to the variance analysis following a completely randomized design. The group means were compared by the Tukey Test with a maximum significance level of 5%. The Nellore animals were more reactive and presented a higher level of stress during blood collection. The Krev method was fastest and caused less severe hematomas. The Krev and the Vacuum-tube methods had significantly lower levels of microbiological contamination. The Krev method is preferable due to its characteristics.

Biometric evaluations are essential to determine the growth characteristics related to the weight and length of fish. This study aimed to determine the growth patterns of juvenile piraputangas (Brycon hilarii) produced in hapas within an excavated pond. The piraputangas were anesthetized and micro-chipped and their biometric characteristics were measured. Subsequently, the fish were distributed in six hapas of eight m3 at the density of 20 fish/hapa, totaling 120 animals. During the experimental period six months, the fish were fed twice (5% of the biomass) a day. Every 30 days, all fish were sampled to measure the biometric characteristics of body weight (g); standard length; total length; head height; head length; body height and body width (cm). The calculations of the weight ratio with the biometric characteristics were determined using allometric equation and estimated by linear regression according to the equation log Y = log a + b log X. All tested relationships were significant by the Student t-test (p < 0.05). Allometric growth was positive for: weight x total length; standard weight x length; weight x head height; weight x head length and weight x body height. The relative condition factor of piraputangas observed in this study was 1.00. The study provided information on the allometric parameters of juvenile Brycon hilarii produced in hapas, and the relative condition factor indicated good growth conditions for piraputangas with positive allometric growth.

A partir do estudo de caso em piscicultura comercial, em Aquidauana-MS, foi analisada a viabilidade econômica da produção de lambaris (Astyanax lacustris) como isca viva. Lambaris, com peso médio de 2g, foram estocados em 0,24 ha, sob baixa densidade de estocagem (7 peixes.m-²), durante três meses. O ciclo de produção foi avaliado zootécnica e economicamente, e simulados dois cenários: (1) aumento da densidade de estocagem para 50 peixes.m-2 com três ciclos por ano e (2) preço de venda do lambari, de R$ 0,50/un (varejo) e R$ 0,32/un (atacado). O custo total de produção foi estimado em R$ 15.379,63 sendo aquisição dos animais o item com maior participação (52%). O lucro líquido foi de R$ 22.972,18/ha/ano, na venda a varejo, com a densidade de estocagem baixa, e, com 50 peixes.m-2 o lucro, a varejo, foi de R$ 111.227,63 e, por atacado, R$ 26.627,63/ha/ano, mostrando mercado atrativo e economicamente viável aos lambaricultores.

The Florianopolis Fracture Zone (FFZ), Brazil, delimits the Pelotas and Santos basins and marks a major change in the geology of the continental margins from south to north, along both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean. The continental prolongation of it is represented by Lower and Upper Cretaceous alkaline rocks, Paleocene hydrothermal manifestations and river catchments. Geological review along with total magnetic field reduced to the pole map (EMAG 2) were used to investigate and analyze the Florianopolis Fracture Zone. Our results indicate that the intra-continental NW-SE transfer zones control Upper Cretaceous sedimentation and Lower Cretaceous carbonatitic intrusions. The transition from continental crust to oceanic crust is achieved by the formation of normal faults and horse tail structures near the coastline verging to the FFZ at the already attenuated crust. Alkaline rocks, including carbonatitic ones, arose in the continental crust at the southwest projection of Luis Alves Craton and at the intersection between the transfer zones and the Brusque Metamorphic Complex. The integrated analyses indicated that the location of the FFZ was governed by the geological events in the continental crust. This oceanic/continental trend was later reactivated well past the South Atlantic opening.

Abstract Background Fulminant Myocarditis (FM) leads to cardiogenic shock with multi-organic dysfunction, being peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (VA-ECMO) a rescue technique. Despite growing experience, it is still related with several complications. We aim to appraise the management of patients with FM and the adverse events associated to VA-ECMO. Methods We conducted a retrospective study in a ECMO centre in Portugal, which included 15 patients diagnosed with FM and managed on VA-ECMO from 2008 to 2018. Hemorrhage or infection on cardiac device site, cardiac tamponade, limb ischemia, ischemic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, severe hemolysis and accidental decannulation were considered major complications. Results For sample characteristics and resumed complications, see Table. Inotropic and mechanical ventilation support were transversal to all, with only one patient extubated before decannulation. Six patients received renal replacement therapy, whom half recovered renal function and the remaining died. VA-ECMO operated on average for 8,5 days (range, 1 to 20 days). 3 patients had concomitant Impella heart pump and one of them had a third assistance device with Intra-Aortic Ballon pump. Major complications were observed in 9 patients (60%), being ischemic stroke the most common. Limb ischemia, observed in 5 patients, related with longer duration of VA-ECMO support (limb ischemia vs non-limb ischemia; 12,8±4,9 vs. 6,8±6,5 days). Two patients presented hemorrhage on cardiac assistance device site, and 1 patient had a cardiac tamponade, all with fatal outcome. Infection on cardiac site, cerebral hemorrhage, severe hemolysis and accidental decannulation were not observed. Conclusion The most common complications were ischemic stroke and limb ischemia, both not apparently related with mortality. Differently, hemorrhage on cardiac site and cardiac tamponade were less frequent but presented ominous outcome. Overall, adverse events can be serious and hinder recovery and discharge. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

This study evaluated selection for backfat thickness based on genetic merit (GMB) in Nellore (N) and crossbred (1/2 Aberdeen Angus + 1/2 Nellore, AN) steers, as well as the effects of this selection on animal performance, carcass traits, and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). The animals were obtained by mating Nellore cows with Nellore or Aberdeen Angus bulls. Both paternal genetic groups were selected to have positive (+, high GMB) or negative (-, low GMB) expected progeny differences for backfat thickness. Seventy-six animals (14 N+, 20 N-, 20 AN+, and 22 AN-) were reared on pasture and finished in the feedlot. The animals were slaughtered, and SAT samples were collected to investigate the relative expression of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing (ADIPOQ), fatty acid synthase (FASN), perilipin 1 (PLINI), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG), and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBFI) genes. Carcass weight and yield, conformation, finishing score, fat distribution score, and measurements of backfat thickness and rib eye area were evaluated. There was no effect of GMB on performance or on the relative expression of the genes studied. High GMB steers had greater backfat thickness and higher finishing, conformation and fat distribution scores in the carcass than low GMB animals. The use of high GMB animals provides better carcass finishing without affecting performance. The greater fat deposition in carcasses of high GMB animals is not associated with the relative expression of the genes studied.

Context The use of crosses between Bos taurus and Bos indicus has boosted cattle production in tropical areas of Brazil, improving carcass and meat standards. However, there is little information on Canchim animals crossed with Nellore. Additionally, freezing is a preservation method frequently used by consumers, which allows meat to be preserved for a prolonged period, but little is known regarding this effect in meat frozen for 60 days from crossbred animals. Aims The present study sought to evaluate the carcass performance and characteristics, and the effects of freezing prior to ageing on the meat of animals from different genetic groups finished in a feedlot. Methods A total of 26 male cattle were used, consisting of Angus × Nellore (AAN), Canchim × Nellore (CAN) and Nellore (NEL), finished in feedlot. The carcasses were evaluated after slaughter. The steaks (Longissimus thoracis) were submitted to freezing for 0, 30 and 60 days before ageing, and were then aged for 1, 7 and 14 days. Key results Consumption and performance was greater for AAN and CAN animals. The AAN and CAN crossbred cattle presented higher final liveweight, hot carcass weight, dressing-out percentage and rib eye area. Freezing did not affect the meat luminosity, and it reduced the shear force and the purge at 14 days of ageing when frozen for 30 and 60 days. Conclusions The crossbreed between Canchim × Nellore animals is an alternative for termination in a feedlot. Meats frozen before ageing were more tender. Implications Crossbred animals have better carcass performance and characteristics and the pre-freezing process yielded more tender meat. The Canchim is an alternative for crossing with pure Bos indicus animals.

Topographic, gravimetric and magnetic data has been employed to map regional tectonic elements in the South Atlantic presenting major oceanic tectonic structures which had previously lacked continuity when approaching the continental margin. The creation of such contoured maps has proven that numerical transform methods involving regional/residual separation and derivatives of gravity and magnetics can enhance geophysical signatures and unveil hidden structures, especially in the transition from the continental margins to the oceanic basin. In assessing the tectonic trend of the Florianopolis and Rio de Janeiro fracture zones close to the Brazilian continental margin, the fracture zones change direction from E-W in the oceanic region to NE-SW in the continental margin, probably displaced by the cretaceous hinge line in the northern portion of the Santos Basin. The continental structures associated with possible transcurrent and transfer zones that gave rise to the fracture zones of Rio de Janeiro and Florianopolis, probably played an essential role in the evolution of both the SE margin of the Santos Basin and the African conjugated margin. Analysis demonstrates the magnetic and gravimetric signatures of fracture zones can serve as important constraints for reconstructing continental margins in the rift and post-rift.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the antral follicle count (AFC) and the ovarian morphology of Bos indicus in different age groups: 12-23 months (G1), 24-35 months (G2), 36-47 months (G3), 48-59 months (G4), and >60 months (G5). Ovaries were collected individually and sent to the laboratory, where we measured AFC, the diameter and weight of the ovaries, dominant follicle (DF, ≥8mm), corpus luteum (CL), and small follicles (SF, <8mm). AFC were classified as high, intermediate-high, intermediate-low, and low. A group of ovaries was subjected to follicular aspiration to evaluate the morphological quality of the recovered cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). Mean AFC did not vary between ages. The morphological characteristic that was most closely correlated with AFC was the weight of the small follicles. There was no relationship between AFC and the weight and diameter of the DF and CL. Quality of the COCs was superior in ovaries in which the CL was present, but it did not vary between the AFC classes. We conclude that AFC can be performed on a single ovary, regardless of the presence, diameter, and weight of the CL and DF in zebu between 12 and 60 months old.

This study investigated the use of melatonin to arrest the effects of apoptosis in vitrified zebrafish (D. rerio) embryos. Dechorionated embryos at 22-24 somite-stage were divided (n = 60/treatment) into a non-vitrified (Control Group, 0 M melatonin) and vitrified treatments with 0 M (T1), 1 µM (T2) and 1 mM of melatonin (T3). For vitrified treatments, a solution methanol/propylene glycol based was used and the embryos stored in -196 °C for a week. After thaw, survival rate, scanning electron microscopy, expression of anti (bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (bax/caspase-3) genes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and DNA fragmentation analyses were performed. No live embryos were obtained from vitrified treatments, observing a rapid degeneration immediately after thawing, with the vitelline layer rupture and leakage of its content, followed by breakdown of epithelial cells and melanisation of the tissue. Regarding the apoptotic process, T3 had the highest relative gene expression, for the three genes (P < 0.05) furthermore, T2 had similar expression of pro-apoptotic genes to CG (P < 0.05). ROS formation revealed that CG presented lower percentage of embryo surface area affected (3.80 ± 0.40%) (P < 0.05), in contrast, no differences were found among the other groups. T1 was most significantly (P < 0.05) damaged by DNA fragmentation. The vitrified groups with melatonin had similar damage levels of CG (P > 0.05). The inclusion of 1 µM of melatonin in the vitrifying solution, countered the effects of apoptotic process in post-thaw embryos, suggesting its utility in cryopreserving fish embryos.