The fundamental value of universal nomenclatural systems in biology is that they enable unambiguous scientific communication. However, the stability of these systems is threatened by recent discussions asking for a fairer nomenclature, raising the possibility of bulk revision processes for "inappropriate" names. It is evident that such proposals come from very deep feelings, but we show how they can irreparably damage the foundation of biological communication and, in turn, the sciences that depend on it. There are four essential consequences of objective codes of nomenclature: universality, stability, neutrality, and transculturality. These codes provide fair and impartial guides to the principles governing biological nomenclature and allow unambiguous universal communication in biology. Accordingly, no subjective proposals should be allowed to undermine them.

Alidus signatus Pic, 1926 is transferred from Mispila to Souvanna, and Souvanna signata (Pic, 1926), comb. nov. is proposed. The lectotype of Alidus signatus is designated. The following synonyms are proposed: Souvanna signata = Athylia (s. str.) quadristigma (Gressitt, 1940), syn. nov. = Souvanna phoumai Breuning, 1963, syn. nov. = Mispila (Dryusa) coomani Breuning, 1968, syn. nov., Mispila (s. str.) tenuevittata (Pic, 1930) = Mispila (s. str.) assamensis Breuning, 1938, syn. nov. The gender of the holotype of Alidus multilineatus Pic, 1925 is determined. New distributional records for Souvanna signata, Mispila curvilinea Pascoe, 1869, M. subtonkinea Breuning, 1968 and M. tenuevittata are provided.

A new species, Anaches m-signatus sp. nov. is described from Zhejiang, Hunan and Guangxi Provinces, China. Sthenias semicylindricus Hayashi, 1974 and Sthenias murzini Lazarev, 2020 are synonymized with Anaches medioalbus (Breuning, 1956). Three similar species are compared with additional pictures and descriptions.

Longhorn beetles are extremely rich wood-boring insects possessing larvae that feed on the xylem of trees and/or lianas, which have detrimental effects on plants; in turn, the hosting plants may play a fundamental role in shaping the longhorn beetle community assemblage. However, factors determining the community assemblage of wood-boring longhorn beetles, particularly along the multiple spatial scales is still in need of further exploration. In this study, we designed an experiment across several spatial scales (from local to macro scales) from tropical to temperate climate gradients in Yunnan province, southwest China to examine to what extend the attributes of host-specificity is shaping the community assemblage along different spatial scales. This study concludes that (1) the wood-boring longhorn beetles showed attributes of host-specificity to a certain degree at the community level, (2) biotic (host plant specificity) and abiotic (climatic gradients) factors jointly shaped community composition of this species along the multiple spatial scales, (3) biotic interactions have a prominent effect on the community composition of this species at local-scale while macroclimatic gradients impose the major control on it at macro-scale. Thus, this study highlights the significance of host specificity in affecting the wood-boring longhorn beetle community assemblage, particularly at local scales.

The genus Falsomesosella Pic,1925 currently includes two subgenera,with 36 species/subspecies described in the nominate subgenus(Tavakilian&Chevillotte,2021).Among them,10 species were recorded from China(Lin&Tavakilian,2019).Recently,Lazarev(2021)described the 37th species from Shaanxi Province of China.However,it was based on four specimens of Falsomesosella truncatipennis Pic,1944,herein we propose the new synonym.

Four new species of the genus Morimopsis Thomson, 1857 are described from northern India (Morimopsis dembickyi spec. nov.) and eastern Nepal (Morimopsis schmidti spec. nov., Morimopsis holzschuhi spec. nov., Morimopsis hartmanni spec. nov.). A determination key is given for all 12 known species of this genus. Monochamus hiekei Breuning, 1964 syn. nov. is proposed as a new synonym of Morimopsidius triangularis Breuning, 1948, and records of Morimopsis lacrymans Thomson, 1857 are given for Nepal.

A checklist of Cleridae collected during entomological research (1992-2017) in West Nepal is presented, including a zoogeographic overview, distribution maps and habitus photos.

1. In recent years, large-scale DNA barcoding campaigns have generated an enormous amount of COI barcodes, which are usually stored in NCBI's GenBank and the official Barcode of Life database (BOLD). BOLD data are generally associated with more detailed and better curated meta-data, because a great proportion is based on expert-verified and vouchered material, accessible in public collections. In the course of the initiative German Barcode of Life data were generated for the reference library of 2,846 species of Coleoptera from 13,516 individuals. 2. Confronted with the high effort associated with the identification, verification and data validation, a bioinformatic pipeline, TaxCI was developed that (1) identifies taxonomic inconsistencies in a given tree topology (optionally including a reference dataset), (2) discriminates between different cases of incongruence in order to identify contamination or misidentified specimens, (3) graphically marks those cases in the tree, which finally can be checked again and, if needed, corrected or removed from the dataset. For this, TaxCI may use DNA-based species delimitations from other approaches (e.g. mPTP) or may perform implemented threshold-based clustering. 3. The data-processing pipeline was tested on a newly generated set of barcodes, using the available BOLD records as a reference. A data revision based on the first run of the TaxCI tool resulted in the second TaxCI analysis in a taxonomic match ratio very similar to the one recorded from the reference set (92% vs. 94%). The revised dataset improved by nearly 20% through this procedure compared to the original, uncorrected one. 4. Overall, the new processing pipeline for DNA barcode data allows for the rapid and easy identification of inconsistencies in large datasets, which can be dealt with before submitting them to public data repositories like BOLD or GenBank. Ultimately, this will increase the quality of submitted data and the speed of data submission, while primarily avoiding the deterioration of the accuracy of the data repositories due to ambiguously identified or contaminated specimens.

Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) have been used to identify sites of high biological diversity and conservation value in cultivated landscapes, but were rarely studied in changing landscapes of humid tropics.This study was conducted in a region of southern Yunnan, China, which was dominated by natural rainforest until 30 years ago, but is successively transformed into commercial rubber monoculture plantations since that time.The objectives were to investigate longhorn beetle species diversity and distribution in the major land use types of this landscape and to estimate the effects of an expected expansion of rubber plantations on the longhorn beetle assemblages.The results showed that tree species diversity (181 species in total) and longhorn beetle diversity (220 species in total) were closely related with no significant differences between the tree and longhorn beetles assemblages shown by similarity distance analysis.There was a highly positive relationship between the estimated species richness of longhorn beetles and the number of tree species.Individual numbers of longhorn beetles and trees were also highly positive related at the sampling sites.Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed that the degree of canopy coverage, succession age and tree diversity explained 78.5% of the total variation in longhorn beetle assemblage composition.Natural forest sites had significantly higher numbers of species and individuals than any other type of habitat.Although young rubber plantations bear the highest longhorn beetle diversity outside forests (half of the total number of longhorn beetle species recorded in total), they can not provide permanent habitats for most of these species, because they develop into closed canopy plantations with less suitable habitat conditions.Therefore, along with an expected expansion of rubber cultivation which largely proceeds at the expense of forest areas, the habitat conditions for longhorn beetles in this region might decrease dramatically in future.

Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) have widely been used to assess biodiversity values of different habitats in cultivated landscapes, but rarely in the humid tropics. This study aimed to investigate effects of land use change on the carabid assemblages in a tributary valley of the Mekong River in tropical southern Yunnan, China. The study area includes habitats of traditional land use systems (rice production and shifting cultivation successions) and was dominated by natural forests until about 30 years ago. Since then, large areas of forest have been, and still are, successively transformed into commercial rubber monoculture plantations. In total, 102 species of Carabidae (including Cicindelinae) were recorded from 13 sites over different seasons, using pitfall traps, Malaise traps and aerial collectors in trees. Cluster analysis and indicator species analysis showed that three types of habitat (rice field fallows, early natural successions and natural forest) possess a degree of uniqueness in species composition. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed that the environmental factors explaining 80% of the total variation in carabid assemblage composition are the degree of vegetational openness of a habitat and its plant species diversity. Rice field fallows had significantly higher numbers of species and individuals than any other type of habitat and are probably dominated by species originating from other regions. Carabid assemblages of young rubber plantations (5 and 8 years) were quantitatively similar to those of forests, but without species of significant indicator value. With increasing plantation age (20 and 40 years), the number of carabid species decreased. Increasing age and a further spatial expansion of rubber plantations at the expense of forest areas will have negative impacts on the native forest carabid assemblages with strongest effects on forest specialists and rare species.

The fauna of longhorn beetles in Arunachal Pradesh is very less known containing only 48 species up to now. In this contribution all together data from 67 species are given, 42 species are documented of this Indian state for the first time. One species of the tibe Monochamini, Acalolepta bretschneideri spec. nov., will be described as new for science and illustrated herein. Pseudomeges gigas Lepesme, 1947 syn. nov. is considered as a junior synonym of Pseudomeges varioti Le Moult, 1946. For 17 species identifications to species level are not possible in this time. All species are pictured on plates. The material comes from all together four expeditions made by Mr. Gil Bretschneider in the period from 2006 to 2010 in different regions of Arunachal Pradesh.

All the known species of the genus Exocentrus from Nepal are listed, together with all available data of records and ecology, distribution maps and coloured pictures for each species. Futhermore a determination key for all 22 occuring species is provided.The following new synonymies are proposed: Exocentrus alboguttatus Fisher, 1925 (= multilineatipennis Breuning, 1974 syn. n.; = subconjunctus Gressitt, 1940 syn. n.), Exocentrus carissae Fisher, 1932 (= kuluensis Breuning, 1957 syn. n.); Exocentrus championi Fisher, 1940 (= kashmirensis Breuning, 1957 syn. n.), Exocentrus grewiae Fisher, 1932 (= himalayanus Breuning, 1974 syn. n.). Exocentrus subbicolor Breuning, 1958 stat. rev. is considered as a valid species.

Despite centuries of exploration, our perception of potential mechanisms determining the species community assemblage is still in infancy .Longhorn beetle as an insect with larval stage feeds on the xylem of plants or trees, the relative importance of biotic (host-specificity) and abiotic (climate gradients) processes to determining their community compositional variation is unknown.In the aim of exploring the knot, we therefore designed the experiment throughout multiple spatial scales (macro/regional and micro/local) along tropical to temperate climate gradients at the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, to examine to what extent biotic and abiotic factors may exert a significant influence on longhorn beetle species composition assembly, and whether this relationship is scale dependent.The relationships between longhorn beetles species composition variation and biotic and abiotic factors were examined using β-dissimilarity indices comparison,NMDS analysis , variation partitioning based on RDA, linear mixed-effect model and mantel test.We found a positive relationship between the species compositional variation of both beetle and plants, in which longhorn beetle species dissimilarity apparently track changes in plant dissimilarity both at macro/regional and micro/local scales.NMDS analysis showed that abiotic factors have prominent influence to the longhorn beetle community assemblage.Variation partitioning and linear mixed-effect model retained significantly correlated Environment and plant diversity metrics for beetle diversity.Thus, we concluded that: 1) biotic and abiotic factors collaboratively shaped longhorn beetle community composition along various spatial scales; 2) the relative importance of abiotic and biotic variation explaining the longhorn beetle community composition vary by spatial scale; and 3) biotic interactions have prominent effect to longhorn beetle community composition at local-scale while macroclimatic gradients impose the most control on it at macro-scale.Besides, our study showed that the influence of dispersal limitation in the species assembly of longhorn beetles from tropical to temperate area was minor compared with plant communiti