The methodology presented in this article involves the digitalization of painting path topography created using various brushes on different canvases. Measurements were conducted using a blue structured light scanner. Preliminary test scans were performed to determine the optimal digitalization parameters, including exposure time, number of exposures, and scanning resolution. A resolution of 0.08 mm was selected as the minimum point spacing, which was sufficient for both modelling and application use. This scanning process enabled the capture of surface deformations, including path fading and topographic variations arising from interactions between brush bristles, paint, and the canvas substrate-even in cases of partial paint coverage. The resulting 3D model was integrated into an application designed to replicate the glazing technique in painting.

This paper proposes the planning of coordinate measurements of freeform surfaces based on a model simulating the surface after machining. This model is created by the determination of a theoretical tool deflection during machining. The determined components of the simulated machining deviations are used in the reconstruction of the nominal CAD model of the surface into a model simulating the geometry of the surface after machining. This model is subdivided into areas corresponding to the assumed machining deviation intervals. This makes it possible to control the number and distribution of measuring points in separate sections of the manufactured surface. Coordinate measurements of the machined surface are made in areas where maximum deviations are expected. Here, the number and distribution of measuring points are controlled over a wide range. Coordinate measurements in other areas are carried out with significantly fewer points or may be omitted altogether. This approach makes it possible to reduce the measurement time without losing important information affecting the evaluation result. The method proposed in this paper has been tested on samples containing freeform surface. The test object was manufactured using a 3-axis milling technique with a spherical end mill.

Abstract This paper presents a simulation method for evaluating the accuracy of assembly of two mating freeform surfaces based on the spatial CAD model of the gap between the surfaces. CAD models of actual surfaces are the basis for determining the gap model. Digital measurement data representing form profiles are determined in measurements on a coordinate measuring machine according to a regular grid of points, and data representing waviness and surface roughness on a profilometer. The SGP components separated in the measurement process are summed up in the CAD modeling process. In the next step, a closure simulation is carried out by docking the inverted complex model of one surface to the surface model of the other surface. In this way, a spatial complex CAD model of the gap between the surfaces is obtained, mapping the effect of all the components of the irregularity on the tightness of the assembly. Based on the obtained model, it is possible to determine its maximum dimension (estimate the local width of the gap between actual surfaces) and the average of local dimensions, but also to illustrate the detailed distribution of local dimensions of this model in the form of a color map. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified experimentally for the closing surfaces of the elements of the injection mold (cavity and core).

Abstract The present article describes a method for enhanced accuracy in machining free-form surfaces produced on CNC milling machines. In this method, surface patch machining programs are generated based on their nominal CAD model. After the pretreatment, coordinate control measurements are carried out. The obtained results of the measurements contain information on the values and distribution of observed machining deviations. These data, after appropriate processing, are used to build a corrected CAD model of the surface produced. This model, made using reverse engineering techniques, compensates for the observed machining deviations. After regeneration of machining programs, the object processing and control measurements are repeated. As a result of the conducted procedure, the accuracy of the manufacture of the surface object is increased. This article also proposes the introduction of a simple procedure for the filtration of measurement data. Its purpose is to minimise the effect of random phenomena on the final machining error correction. The final part of the article presents the effects of the proposed method of increasing the accuracy of manufacturing on ‘raw’ and filtered measurement data. In both cases, a significant improvement in the accuracy of the machining process was achieved, with better final results obtained from the filtered measurement data. The method proposed in the article has been verified for three-axis machining with a ball-end cutter.

The method of evaluating the accuracy of fitting a curvilinear hole-stub pair is presented. The next stages of the process were presented, including: machining of elements, coordinate measurements of machined parts, analysis of measurement results. A method to improve the degree of fitting of the hole-stub pair is proposed.

The method of correction of machining of curvilinear profiles is presented. This method is based on the use of coordinate measurements of the pre-manufactured object. The results of the measurements contain information about the observed machining deviations. These data are used in the reconstruction of the geometric model of the produced profile.

Abstract A Michelson interferometer based ESPI system for static and vibration out of plane displacement measurements is presented. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the usability of ESPI non-contact measurement method in the field of machining. The correlation fringe patterns were visualized using custom software. The accuracy of ESPI interferometer was verified by the comparison with measurement results collected using industrial XL-80 laser system. The efficacy in vibration analysis was tested by studying the mode shapes and resonant frequencies of the transverse vibrations of square plates. The measurement methodology was used to determine natural frequencies and the shapes of vibrational modes of NFTe 100x1.2/64-II circular slitting saw. As a result the values of rotational speed that should be avoided during machining were determined.

This article presents a method of increasing the accuracy of the production of free-form surfaces. This method is based on the execution of coordinate measurements of the pre-treated object and reconstruction of its nominal geometric model in order to compensate existing machining errors.

Gripper design is nowadays an area of ongoing research activity. The problem of creating a generic and automated gripper design approach tailored for a specific task is still far from solved. In this paper, we propose a new method of generating finger cut-outs aimed at simplifying the design process of doing so. This method takes root in the idea of using the imprint to produce the finger geometry. We furthermore provide a verification of our newly introduced imprinting method and a comparison to the previously introduced parametrized geometry method. This verification is done through a set of grasping experiments performed in simulation on two objects with geometry features based on those found in industrial setting.

Podstawowym walorem inwestycji budowlanych jest optymalne wykorzystanie dostępnej przestrzeni – szaco- wane prawdopodobnymi efektami ekonomicznymi, możliwymi do osiągnięcia w planowanym czasie. Istotną barierę uzyskiwania satysfakcjonujących wyników inwestycyjnych stanowią przepisy techniczne, dotyczące tzw. przesłania- nia i zacieniania mieszkań przez projektowane obiekty, w zasięgu których znajdują się mieszkania. Pojawia się zatem problem wyceny wartości, jaką jest dopływ słońca do mieszkania, czyli cena słońca, którą trzeba zapłacić właścicielom mieszkań za częściowe lub całkowite zacienienie mieszkania, a więc obniżenie jego wartości, pozbawionej jednej z cech jakościowych. Przedstawiono własną metodę i oryginalny wzór obliczania ubytku wartości mieszkań całkowicie lub częściowo zacienionych.

Zaprezentowano metodykę realizacji procesu inżynierii odwrotnej obiektów przestrzennych, która obejmuje następujące etapy: digitalizację obiektu przestrzennego na współrzędnościowej maszynie pomiarowej, budowę modelu geometrycznego obiektu na podstawie przetworzonych wyników pomiarów współrzędnościowych, ocenę dokładności uzyskanego modelu geometrycznego rekonstruowanego obiek

The present article describes a method for enhanced accuracy in machining components produced on CNC wire-cut electrical discharge machines. In this method, machining programs are generated on the basis of nominal geometric models of the produced objects, developed in CAD/CAM systems. After the initial machining, coordinate measurements are performed. On the basis of these measurement results, the values and distribution of the machining deviations are determined. The obtained information is then used to modify the nominal geometric models of the produced objects and to correct the machining programs. After that, the machining process and measurements are repeated. The method described in the present article was verified using the example of a curvilinear profile, produced with the use of a wire-cut electrical discharge machine. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Zaprezentowano metodykę poprawy dokładności frezowania profili krzywoliniowych polegającą na korekcji błędów obróbki.Korekcja jest przeprowadzana off-line przez wprowadzenie do nominalnego