Cryptocurrencies came into existence in last one decade, and have gained a lot of attention from investors’ community. Legendary investors like Warren Buffett are not in favour of these currencies due to non-existence of intrinsic value. Concepts such as ‘Internet of Value’, ‘decentralization of finance’, and ‘application of blockchain technology’ have contributed to the emergence of this new phenomenon. This chapter is about Cryptocurrency market in India. It covers underlying objectives behind emergence of cryptocurrencies across the world and in India, their use, controversies associated with their use, trading platforms for their trading in India, and risks associated with cryptocurrencies. Suggestive framework for appropriate development in the domain, i.e., cryptocurrencies in India has been proposed at the end.

Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic growth and development. Over the years, AI-based technological improvements have profoundly impacted farming and transformed the business. These technologies could help farmers to be proactive rather than reactive in their farming practices. These technologies allow farmers to boost agricultural yield, soil analysis, pest attack monitoring, water management, seed management, crop rotation, better control of harvesting conditions and timing, nutrition management, and reduced waste. However, in order to reap all these benefits, effective collaboration between Government, science, and business is also vital. This article attempts to outline the significant AI based smart agricultural technologies, their significance and the challenges confronting Indian agriculture with potential solutions.

Indian pharmaceutical industry is predominantly driven by the private sector and the public sector has negligible role. Notable factor is that Indian pharma industry is ranked 3rd globally in terms of volume, and 14th in terms of value. This growth is attributed to changes made in the Patents Act, 1970, which replaced the Product Patent Act, 1911 which allowed process patent (product patent introduced again in 2005), changes in the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (now, Foreign Exchange Management Act) which compelled foreign companies to reduce their equity to 40% thereby reducing the number of subsidiaries of MNCs from ten (10) in 1973 to two (02) by 1985, among others. Indian pharmaceutical sector is one such sector that not only caters to domestic requirements but also exports to more than 200 countries/territories including highly regulated markets, e.g., USA. The present paper discusses various measures undertaken to protect indigenous pharmaceutical industry or consumers/patients but has implications for FDI. It also throws light on major developments in last one decade that had direct implications on the FDI in Pharmaceutical Sector in India, apart from considering the concerns of foreign investors.