Introduction: The detection of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) has increased due to widespread use of computed tomography; nevertheless, chest radiographs still remain the basic routine examination. The aim of the study was to estimate the detection of SPNs in routine chest X-rays in hospitalized patients and to assess the incidence of malignancy in newly diagnosed SPNs. Material and methods: We analyzed 5726 routine chest radiographs of patients admitted to the Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumology and Allergology in 2004 and 2005. Most of the patients were admitted to hospital due to emergency reasons. The malignant nature of the nodules was confirmed by pathological examination. The nature of benign nodules was confirmed either by pathological examination or based on radiological criteria: no growth within 2 years of radiological follow up, regression in control radiograms or CT scans, benign pattern of calcification. Results: Among the 5726 radiograms we found 116 newly diagnosed SPNs (2.2%). Twenty-four nodules (21%) were malignant: NSCLC in 21 cases and metastases in 3 cases. Fifty-one nodules (44%) were benign. In 19 patients (16%) SPNs proved to be artefacts or erroneously interpreted extrathoracic lesions. In 22 cases (19%) there was no final diagnosis (lack of data, diagnostic procedure renunciation). Conclusion: The incidence of newly detected SPNs in chest X-rays was 2.2%. Most SPNs were benign. About 21% of SPNs were diagnosed as malignant.

The soluble proteins in sieve tube exudate from Brassica napus plants were systematically analyzed by 1-DE and high-resolution 2-DE, partial amino acid sequence determination by MS/MS, followed by database searches. 140 proteins could be identified by their high similarity to database sequences (135 from 2-DE, 5 additional from 1-DE). Most analyzed spots led to successful protein identifications, demonstrating that Brassica napus, a close relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, is a highly suitable model plant for phloem research. None of the identified proteins was formerly known to be present in Brassica napus phloem, but several proteins have been described in phloem sap of other species. The data, which is discussed with respect to possible physiological importance of the proteins in the phloem, further confirms and substantially extends earlier findings and uncovers the presence of new protein functions in the vascular system. For example, we found several formerly unknown phloem proteins that are potentially involved in signal generation and transport, e.g., proteins mediating calcium and G-protein signaling, a set of RNA-binding proteins, and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and its twin sister that might be key components for the regulation of flowering time.

Xylem sap from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. cv. Calabrais), rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Drakkar), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duch. cv. gelber Zentner) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Hoffmanns Giganta) was collected by root pressure exudation from the surface of cut stems of healthy, adult plants. Total protein concentrations were in the range of 100 μg ml−1. One-dimensional gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) resulted in 10–20 visible protein bands in a molecular mass range from 10 to 100 kDa. The main bands were cut out, digested with trypsin, and analysed using tandem mass spectrometry. Fifty bands resulted in amino acid sequence information that was used to perform database similarity searches. Sequences from 30 bands showed high homology to proteins present in databases. Among them, we found mostly peroxidases, but could also identify the lectin-like xylem protein XSP30, a glycine-rich protein, serine proteases, an aspartyl protease family protein, chitinases, and a lipid transfer protein-like polypeptide. Sequence analysis predicted apoplastic secretion signals for all database entries similar to the partial xylem protein sequences. This and the lack of cross-reactivity with phloem protein-specific antibodies suggest that the proteins really originate from the xylem and do not result from phloem contamination. Most of the highly similar proteins probably function in repair and defence reactions. Some of the most abundant proteins (peroxidases, chitinases, serine proteases) were present in xylem exudate of all species analysed, often in more than one band. This indicates an important basic role of these proteins in maintaining xylem function.

The efficient synthesis of 2,2-bis[(trifluoromethyl)thio]acetaldehyde by acidic hydrolysis of 1-(N,N-diethylamino)-2,2-bis[(trifluoromethyl)thio]ethene is presented. The tautomeric equilibrium for the compound obtained is strongly shifted to enol form, so with silver nitrate in water solution a corresponding silver salt is formed that reacts with ethyl bromide to ethyl 2,2-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]vinyl ether. The enol reacts with amines to form respective enamines. IR, MS, 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR data for compounds synthesized are given to support their structure elucidation.

the formation of bis-β,β-(CF3S)-substituted enamines depends on the molar ratio of the starting materials. In this way, the yield of 1,1-bis(trifluoromethylthio)-2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethene was improved. The influence of amine structure on the formation of enamines is discussed.

Fluorine-containing anilines and ethyl benzoylacetate give monofluorinated benzoylacetanilides. These react easily with formaldehyde to yield the fluorinated dianilides of 2,4-dibenzoylpentanedioic acid, which can be simply converted, under the influence of excess POCl3, to 1-monofluorophenyl-3- benzoyl-1,2,3,4 -tetrahydroindeno [1,2-b] pyridine -2,5-dione.

Ketones, diketones and acetoacetic ethyl ester are known to react with trifluoromethylsulphenyl chloride to give α-SCF 3 substituted products [1]. The reaction with CF 3 SCl was extended to benzoylacetic ethyl ester, anilides of acetoacetic and benzoylacetic acids, and their Schiff bases, leading to α-SCF 3 substituted β-dicarbonyl compounds or their nitrogen analogues. Additionally, the reaction of CF 3 SSCF 3 with C 6 H 5 COCH 2 COOC 2 H 5 was investigated and the optimum conditions found to prepare α-(trifluoromethylthio)benzoylacetic ethyl ester in this way. Ethyl esters of α-(trifluoromethylthio)acetoacetic and α-(trifluoromethylthio)benzoylacetic acids heated in a dimethylsulphoxide/water solution gave known trifluoromethylthioacetone and ω-(trifluoromethylthio)acetophenone respectively, while the splitting of these esters in a potassium hydroxide methanolic solution provided trifluoromethylthioacetic acid in a good yield, so this reaction could be treated as a new method for synthesis of CF 3 SCH 2 COOH. Anilides of α-(trifluoromethylthio)acetoacetic and α-(trifluoromethylthio)benzoylacetic acids, and their Schiff bases were cyclized in acidic media to obtain 3-SCF 3 substituted derivatives of quinolones-2 and -4. The structure of compounds synthesized was confirmed by elemental analyses, IR, MS, 1 H and 19 F NMR spectra.

Abstract2,3,4,5‐Tetrakis(trifluormethylthio)‐1‐pyrrolylsilber (1a) bzw. ‐kalium (1b) reagiert mit den Säurechloriden RC(O)Cl (R  C6H5, CH3, CCl3, 2‐Thenoyl, 2‐Furoyl), mit Oxalylchlorid und mit [CF3C(O)]2O zu den N‐substituierten Produkten 2a – e, 3 und 2f. Mit 1a setzt sich ClSO2NCO zu dem hydrolyseempfindlichen 4 um, das an feuchter Luft langsam zu 5 hydrolysiert. Physikalische Daten der neu hergestellten Verbindungen werden angegeben.

Introduction: The detection of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) has increased due to widespread use of computed tomography, nevertheless, chest radiographs still remain the basic routine examination. The aim of the study was to estimate the detection of SPNs in routine chest X-rays in hospitalized patients and to assess the incidence of malignancy in newly diagnosed SPNs. Material and methods: We analyzed 5726 routine chest radiographs of patients admitted to the Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumology and Allergology in 2004 and 2005. Most of the patients were admitted to hospital due to emergency reasons. The malignant nature of the nodules was confirmed by pathological examination. The nature of benign nodules was confirmed either by pathological examination or based on radiological criteria: no growth within 2 years of radiological follow up, regression in control radiograms or CT scans, benign pattern of calcification. Results: Among the 5726 radiograms we found 116 newly diagnosed SPNs (2.2%). Twenty-four nodules (21%) were malignant: NSCLC in 21 cases and metastases in 3 cases. Fifty-one nodules (44%) were benign. In 19 patients (16%) SPNs proved to be artefacts or erroneously interpreted extrathoracic lesions. In 22 cases (19%) there was no final diagnosis (lack of data, diagnostic procedure renunciation). Conclusion: The incidence of newly detected SPNs in chest X-rays was 2.2%. Most SPNs were benign. About 21% of SPNs were diagnosed as malignant.