An integrated cell based biochip microsystem platform that examines the effects of toxic chemicals on cells relevant to human health was developed. The novelty of this platform lies with the integration of mixed sensor technologies with fluidic capability that enables multi-parameter detection, with greater versatility for the end user then what is already currently available. It successfully integrated both optical (imaging) and electrical (impedance, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen sensors) detection into a platform system with fluidic control. The developed technology uses impedance analysis, which enables accurate, sensitive and reliable assays to be performed in real time and under constant automated monitoring. These types of biosensors offer the potential to study the behaviour of cells in a non-destructive assay format. This technology will have major beneficial implications in research areas such as neurology, cytotoxicity and pharmacology.

An amperometric immunosensor with low limit detection was developed for the screening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water. The system was based on detecting the specific substance using an immunological reaction by measuring the chemical responses to specific antibodies. An integrated biochip with a three electrode system was fabricated. Gold was used as the working electrode with platinum was used as the counter electrode. A modified Ag/AgCl reference electrode was employed to enhance the stability of the immunosensors. Indirect competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out within the electrode using alkaline phosphatase (AP) as the labelled-enzyme. The system shows acceptable reproducibility and good stability. The immunosensor exhibited a wide linear response to PAHs. A limit of detection for this sensor was in the range of 1 to 10 ng ml(-1) in aqueous sample.

The paper is presenting the development of a sensor system dedicated to monitor the environment of eukaryotic cells culture acting as biosensors for toxins detection. The system we are presenting is containing pH, and temperature sensors integrated into microfluidic channels.