The Netherlands was a 'cycling nation' by the 1920s, courtesy of the following: an extensive network of bicycle paths throughout the country, a politically influential cyclists' organization, and a bicycle tax, which meant that cyclists were formally provided for. German cyclists' organizations never achieved the political influence of their Dutch counterpart. Geographically uneven traffic regulations were produced in the Weimar Republic the National Socialist regime, and motorized traffic that also entailed the separation of different flows of traffic was promoted. The German network remained scantily developed in the late 1930s in comparison to its Dutch counterpart, in spite of the fact that the construction of cycling paths increased significantly.

Purpose - This chapter traces the development of cycling in several European countries over the period from the 1880s to the present, with special focus on the two cycling nations, Denmark and The Netherlands.Methodology - Drawing on a wide array of research on bicycle use in Europe in the twentieth century as well as primary sources, the chapter pays particular attention to the users of the bicycle, their organisations and the mixture of male and female, young and old, and rich and poor, because these users were the people who actually shaped cycling cultures.Findings - While acknowledging that geographical conditions cannot be fully ruled out as contributing factors, the authors point out that political, social and cultural aspects were all woven together into what would become increasingly distinctive national cycling cultures.Value - This study provides historical context for recent efforts to increase cycling participation by identifying relevant cultural, social and political factors, and providing insights into the trajectories of Dutch and Danish cycling cultures.

In the affluent neighborhood and diplomatic district of Chanakyapuri in New Delhi lies the Indian National Rail Museum (NRM), the only one of its kind in Asia. Sprawling over 44,000 square meters, the NRM comprises a large outdoor museum, an indoor gallery and a large Auditorium for conferences. In 2010, the museum hosted the annual meeting of the International Association for the History of Transport, Traffic and Mobility (T2M).