A descriptive, cross sectional survey was developed to determine the preferences of endodontists when prescribing analgesics. Eleven clinical scenarios describing common endodontic diagnoses or procedures with specified severity of pain were provided. A survey was sent to 310 AAE members and 63 responded, providing a 20% response rate. Respondents were given various choices for analgesic prescription including various dosages of ibuprofen or acetaminophen (APAP), or combination narcotic medications. Data were analyzed by χ2 tests. Non-narcotics were preferred over narcotics for all clinical situations. Significantly more respondents selected ibuprofen 600 mg (4× a day) regardless of the severity of preoperative or postoperative pain (p < 0.001). Educators and board-certified AAE members were less likely than nonboard certified AAE members to manage their patient’s perceived severe pain with narcotic analgesics.

One of the outstanding problems and challenges in CO activation concerns the lack of a detailed mechanistic understanding of the roles of catalytic promoters used in a number of homogeneously catalysed carbonylation reactions. These problems, and attempts at their resolution, are highlighted with reference to (i) the varied range of promoters that have found use in composite catalysts for the direct synthesis of oxygenates such as ethylene glycol and ethanol from CO/H-2, (ii) the promotional effects of N-bases in the catalytic methoxycarbonylation of alkenes to esters, and (iii) sonic preliminary C-13 NMR spectroscopic evidence which is enabling the definition of a dual role of Ru-promoters as iodide abstraction agents in the Ir-catalysed carbonylation of methanol to ethanoic (acetic) acid. The detection, and characterisation in solution, of an iodide-bridged Ru-Ir dimer is facilitating the development of a plausible, internally consistent model on which to base the catalysis.

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