According to the analysis of requests for methodological assistance to the Saint-Petersburg Research In stitute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P. V. Ramzaev, measurements of radon concentration (or radon EEC) in existing operated public buildings (primarily children institutions) in the framework of surveillance actions in the regions of the Russian Federation, as a rule, are taken according to Guidelines MU 2.6.1.2838-11, intended for radiation control of public buildings only when they are put into operation after construction, major repairs or reconstruction, due to the absence of special guidelines. Compliance with the requirements of paragraph 6.5 of MU 2.6.1.2838-11 means that the building and premises are in a state that is not equal to their normal operation mode. Registration of high values of indoor radon concentration in this case leads to management decisions, including administrative suspension o f activities for up to ninety days, i.e. the closure of individual premises or even the entire building of a children institution. The consequences of making such decisions may include an increase in social tension in society and provoking radiophobia among the population. The paper presents specific recommendations for the radon survey for existing operated public buildings with non-round-the-clock stay of people, which are based on the results of the analysis of the experience of practical application of various methods of measuring indoor radon concentrations in such buildings in order to assess average radon concentration during working hours in the normal operation mode. The proposed approach can be further used as the basis for developing special guidelines for radiation control of existing operated public buildings with non-round-the-clock stay of people.
The deadline for the development of the final draft of the new radiation safety standards RSS-2019, harmonized with international recommendations, including the regulation of radon content in the indoor air of residential and public buildings is expected to be finished in 2019. We estimated the possibility and expediency for replacement of the hygienic standard established in RSS -99/2009 with the reference level recommended by the International Basic Safety Standards of IAEA GSR Part 3 on the basis of data analysis results on radon content levels in indoor air of residential and public buildings on the territory of subjects of the Russian Federation. An analysis of the array of measurements results for radon content with a volume of 680,301 measurements taken during the period from 2001 to 2017 in the subjects of the Russian Federation collected as part of Unified State System for Control of Individual Exposure Doses and stored in the Federal database of exposure doses of citizens of the Russian Federation due to the natural and man-made background radiation was carried out. Absolute and relative estimates of the number of radon EEVA values exceeding 200, 150 and 120 Bq/m 3 were obtained, both for individual regions and for the country as a whole. The results show that the reduction of hygienic standard of radon EEVA will increase the share of the non-compliant regulatory instruments of residential and public buildings up to 150 Bq/m 3 almost in 2 times, up to 120 Bq/m 3 almost in 3 times on average in Russia. We formulated a number of proposals aimed at harmonizing the Russian standards of radon content in indoor air with the IAEA recommendations taking into account the economic feasibility and while maintaining the possibility of monitoring compliance with the requirements of radiation population safety.
The questions are considered, connected with the modern state ofRussian Federationpopulation radiation protection during the exposure from ionizing irradiation sources. It is shown that the System of Radiation-Hygienic Passportization and Integrated State System for Doses Control and Registration basing on the statistic form № 4-DOS functioning for more than 15 years already led to situation when population natural exposure levels are comprehensively studied, but practical measures for their decreasing are rare in the country. Possible directions are considered for the improving of the system of population radiation protection providing during the exposure from natural ionizing irradiation sources.
