Diseases of the mammary glands (usually benign) have the incidence of 5–12% in the structure of children diseases. Breast cancer is extremely rare (less than 1% of all breast diseases). This review contains actual data on the most common focal pathology of mammary glands in teenage girls such as: focal hyperplasia, cysts and breast fibroepithelial tumors. Clinical manifestations, morphological picture and diagnostics are described. Main approaches to treatment of patients with focal pathology of mammary glands are defined. The presented data is crucial for timely diagnosis of focal pathology of mammary glands, selection of examination tactics, management and necessary measures for oncological diseases prevention in children.

Clinical guidelines of the Russian Society of Oncomammologists for the prevention of breast cancer, differential diagnosis, treatment of precancerous and benign breast diseases

Clinical guidelines of the Russian Society of Oncomammologists for the prevention of breast cancer, differential diagnosis, treatment of precancerous and benign breast diseases

Tumor progression (distant metastases, local-regional recurrences, contralateral cancer) is a main cause of death in patients with breast cancer (BC). The occurrence of local recurrences is associated mainly with the nonradicality of surgery. Patient age, tumor subtype, and personalized systemic therapy have a statistically significant impact on the prediction of recurrence. It is most likely that the disease can come back as a local recurrence in the subgroups of nonluminal tumors with HER-2 overexpression and in those of triple negative cancer. The paper presents the data available in the literature and the authors’ observations concerning the role and place of surgical treatment for locally recurrent BC. It gives major predictors of local and local-regional recurrences and defines main indications for different types of surgical interventions, including plastic surgery.

The paper outlines the current standards for the drug treatment of metastatic breast cancer, which were developed by the expert groups of the Society of Cancer Chemotherapists (RUSSCO) and presented at the International Conference on Breast Cancer on 22–24 Janu- ary 2014. The present guidelines are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine and may serve as a practical guide for on- cologists.

Тhe article presents the current approaches the most common drug therapy diffuse breast pathology – dyshormonal dysplasia. The role and place the most effective use of the base herbal medicine as well as various options for different symptoms of hormonal correction.

The paper considers the issues of hormone therapy for diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy concurrent with different hormonal homeostatic disorders and gynecological diseases.

The paper examines the main issues of integrated treatment of resectable breast cancer. Identifies underlying prognostic factors and the relation between the choice of systemic therapy on the molecular characteristics of tumours. In the evolutionary aspect different approaches, both local and systemic treatments of patients with resectable primary breast cancer are assessed.

The study enrolled 70 reproductive-aged patients with infertility, who had underwent myomectomy for submucous uterine myoma. An immunohistochemical study showed differences in estrogen and progesterone receptor expressions, proliferative activity determined by Ki-67, and vascular bed areas in both intact endoand myometrial tissues and submucous uterine myoma ones associated with endometrial hyperplasia. Postoperative hormonal therapy in terms of immunohistochemical evidence was ascertained to reduce the incidence of recurrences and to maintain the reproductive health of a woman.