AIM To analyze the state-of-the-art of consulting medical care to Russian patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GCOP) or its risk. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This GLUCOST study was organized and conducted by the Russian Association of Osteoporosis. A total of 1129 patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, who had been taking oral glucocorticosteroids (OGCSs) a long time (3 months or more), were examined. The patients filled out an anonymous questionnaire on their own. Whether the measures taken to diagnose, prevent, and treat GCOP complied with the main points of Russian clinical guidelines was assessed. RESULTS 61.8% of the patients knew that the long-term treatment of GCOP might cause osteoporosis. 48.1% of the respondents confirmed the results of bone densitometry; 78.1% of the patients reported that they had been prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements by their physician, but their regular intake was confirmed by only 43.4%; 25.4% of the patients had sustained one low-energy fracture or more. Treatment for GCOP was prescribed for 50.8% of the patients at high risk for fractures, but was actually received by 40.2%. Therapeutic and diagnostic measures were implemented in men less frequently than in women. When the patient was aware of GCOP, the probability that he/she would take calcium and vitamin D supplements rose 2.7-fold (95% Cl; 2.1 to 3.5; p = 0.001) and that he/she would follow treatment recommendations did 3.5-fold (95% Cl; 2.3 to 5.3; p = 0.001). Bone densitometry increased the prescription rate for antiosteoporotic medication and patient compliance. CONCLUSION According to the data of Russia's large-scale GLUCOST survey, every four patients with chronic inflammatory disease who are on long-term OGCS therapy have one low-energy fracture or more. Due to inadequate counseling, the patients are little aware of their health and do not get the care required to prevent the disease. Less than 50% of patients who have GCOP and a high risk for fractures undergo examination and necessary treatment aimed at preventing fractures.

A method is proposed for determining semivolatile organic compounds in exhaled breath condensate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with preliminary liquid-liquid extraction and adsorption preconcentration of analytes from the extract obtained. The introduction of a significant portion of the resulting preconcentrate (up to 100 μL) into the chromatograph injector substantially lowered the detection limits for analytes. The experiment revealed a number of substances that have not been previously identified in the exhaled breath condensate. A list of these compounds is presented in the article.

The aim of this study was to measure the dynamics of various biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with uncontrolled asthma after 2 weeks of standard treatment. Methods: 33 patients with moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma were recruited in the study (20 male, age 48.6±8.4 yrs, ACT Results: There were significantly improved clinical signs of asthma and pulmonary ventilation parameters after treatment. The intensity of cough, dyspnea and relief medication decreased (p 1 and FEV 1 /FVC ratio increased by 16%, 60% and 38% respectively (p Conclusion: The dynamics of various biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with uncontrolled asthma is a reliable method for assessing and monitoring airway inflammation.

Profile of metabolites in different biological fluids reflects the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human organism initiated by internal and external factors. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis can provide information about the state of metabolic processes in the respiratory tract. Aim: To investigate various metabolites in EBC in asthma patients and healthy controls. Methods: EBC was collected from 20 asthma patients and 30 healthy subjects using an ECoScreen condenser. Metabolites were determined in EBC using gas-chromatography - mass-spectrometry method (GC-MS) and identified in NIST-2005 library. Results: There were found semi-volatile metabolites (SVMs) in EBC in asthma patients and healthy subjects. SVMs belong to different classes of chemical compounds: saturated fatty acids (SFAs), hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols and alkaloids.The limit of compounds detection was 0.1-10 ppb. 18 SVMs are presented in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB): 13 endogenous metabolites and 5 exogenous metabolites. SVMs were determined earlier in the blood, urine, but there is still no information in HMDB about these metabolites in EBC. The most representative group consisted of 12 SFAs, 11 of them are endogenous metabolites. The content of stearic and palmitic acids in EBC of patients with asthma was significantly decreased in compared with healthy. We found negative correlations between SFAs in EBC and spirometry parameters (FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) (p Conclusion: The pathological process in the respiratory tract changes the expression of SFAs in EBC, indicating the involvement of these metabolites in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Значение протеомного анализа конденсата выдыхаемого воздуха при диагностике хронической обструктивной болезни легких и пневмонии.

In recent years suggest that individual saturated fatty acid (SFA) has specific properties which are associated with important biological functions. The composition of SFAs in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in COPD has not previously been studied.Aim: To identify SFAs in EBC and to assess their relationship with clinical and functional parameters in patients with COPD.Methods: We have studied 20 patients with COPD and 30 healthy nonsmokers. EBC was collected using ECoScreen. SFAs in EBC have been identified by gas-chromatography - mass-spectrometry method (GC-MS) and NIST-2005 library.Results: 12 SFAs (palmitic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, etc.) have been identified in EBC in COPD patients. There were no differences in the content of SFAs in EBC in COPD patients and healthy subjects. We have found the relationship between EBC content of caproic acid (R=-0.46), enanthic acid (R=-0.61), caprylic acid (R=-0.50) and FVC in COPD patients (p<0.05). In addition, the content of myristic acid in EBC significant correlated with oxygen saturation (R=-0.45), breath frequency (R=0.48), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (R=0.73), MRS dyspnoea scale (R=0.52) and Paggiaro symptoms scale (R=0.58) in COPD patients.Conclusion: The content of different SFAs in EBC is associated with clinical symptoms and functional parameters in COPD patients reflecting their role in the inflammatory process in the lungs.

Metabolomic analysis provides molecular and biochemical profiles of metabolites in different biological fluids. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) molecular profiling in discrimination patients with COPD and asthma and healthy subjects. Methods: Twenty patients with asthma, twenty patients with COPD and thirty healthy control subjects were enrolled in cross-sectional study. Every subject performed spirometry and EBC collection. EBC samples were analyzed by gas chromatography – mass-spectrometry method (GC-MS). EBC profiles from patients with asthma were separated from patients with COPD and from healthy control subjects using an algorithm based on linear methods of pattern recognition theory. Results: We have detected various profiles of semi-volatile organic compounds (SvOC) in EBC in patients with asthma, COPD and healthy subjects. Mathematical approach to available data revealed 9 SvOC which have been deemed the most appropriate for solving recognition problem (2-phenoxyethanol, decanol-1, ethyl citrate, 2,3–dihydro-1-H-inden-1-on and others). EBC profiles of healthy subjects can be distinguished from patients with asthma with reliability 75%, healthy subjects from COPD patients with reliability 85% and asthma patients from COPD patients with reliability 83%. Conclusion: Metabolomic analysis of EBC can discriminate patients with asthma and COPD and healthy subjects. We propose that differences in SvOC profiles between asthma and COPD are disease related.

Summary. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can exhibit overlapping clinical features; therefore, diagnosis of these diseases can be difficult. Search of new biomarkers represents an active research field in modern respiratory medicine. The objective of this study was to investigate spectrum of semi-volatile organic compounds (SvOCs) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of healthy volunteers and patients with asthma and COPD and to assess the possibility for using these biomarkers in differential diagnosis of obstructive lung diseases. Seventy subjects participated in this cross-sectional study: 20 patients with exacerbation of COPD (age, 66.5 Ѓ} 8.5 years; FEV1, 57.3 Ѓ} 22.9 %pred), 20 patients with exacerbation of asthma (age, 50.2 Ѓ} 13.2 years; FEV1, 71.4 Ѓ} 20.7 %pred) and 30 healthy nonsmoking volunteers (age, 25.4 Ѓ} 9.6 years, FEV1, 98.4 Ѓ} 6.8 %pred). EBC was collected using ECoScreen equipment. Testing for SvOC of different polarity was conducted by gas chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC / MS) method in EBC. The data collected were analyzed using an algorithm based on linear methods of pattern recognition theory. More than a hundred of SvOC in ultra-low concentrations were detected in EBC of the participants; 33 of SvOC were identified; 9 compounds (2.3-dihydro-1-H- inden-1-on, ethyl citrate, decanol-1.2-phenoxyethanol, etc.) had the highest informative value to differentiate the conditions. Mathematical analysis allowed distinguishing healthy volunteers from patients with asthma with reliability of 75 %, healthy subjects from COPD patients with reliability of 85 % and asthma patients from COPD patients with reliability of 83 %. In conclusion, we have developed a highly accurate GC-MS method to measure ultra-low concentrations of SvOC in EBC. This method can be used for diagnosis and differentiation of COPD and asthma.

Summary. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can exhibit overlapping clinical features; therefore, diagnosis of these diseases can be difficult. Search of new biomarkers represents an active research field in modern respiratory medicine. The objective of this study was to investigate spectrum of semi-volatile organic compounds (SvOCs) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of healthy volunteers and patients with asthma and COPD and to assess the possibility for using these biomarkers in differential diagnosis of obstructive lung diseases. Seventy subjects participated in this cross-sectional study: 20 patients with exacerbation of COPD (age, 66.5 Ѓ} 8.5 years; FEV1, 57.3 Ѓ} 22.9 %pred), 20 patients with exacerbation of asthma (age, 50.2 Ѓ} 13.2 years; FEV1, 71.4 Ѓ} 20.7 %pred) and 30 healthy nonsmoking volunteers (age, 25.4 Ѓ} 9.6 years, FEV1, 98.4 Ѓ} 6.8 %pred). EBC was collected using ECoScreen equipment. Testing for SvOC of different polarity was conducted by gas chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC / MS) method in EBC. The data collected were analyzed using an algorithm based on linear methods of pattern recognition theory. More than a hundred of SvOC in ultra-low concentrations were detected in EBC of the participants; 33 of SvOC were identified; 9 compounds (2.3-dihydro-1-H- inden-1-on, ethyl citrate, decanol-1.2-phenoxyethanol, etc.) had the highest informative value to differentiate the conditions. Mathematical analysis allowed distinguishing healthy volunteers from patients with asthma with reliability of 75 %, healthy subjects from COPD patients with reliability of 85 % and asthma patients from COPD patients with reliability of 83 %. In conclusion, we have developed a highly accurate GC-MS method to measure ultra-low concentrations of SvOC in EBC. This method can be used for diagnosis and differentiation of COPD and asthma.