Clotting prevention is one of the key problems in renal replacement therapy. In this review traditional heparini- zation and its complications, low molecular weight heparins, which are wide used in programme haemodialysis, treatment without anticoagulants, regional citrate anticoagulantion, as well as new alternative anticoagulants are considered.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is one of the main complication in patients on chronic haemodialysis. We observed high left ventricular mass index (LVMI) – 175,8 ± 6,4 g/m 2 – in patients with substantial (>8 L) overhydration at the beginning of dialysis treatment and its reduction to 112,0 ± 7,2 g/m 2 after removing of excessive fl uid. In stable dialysis patients LVMI correlated with interdialysis weight gain (r = 0,79). In patients with interdialysis overhydration more, than 5% body mass, worsening of LVH was observed. On the contrary, regression of LVMI was registered in patients with moderate overhydration (<4,5% body mass). Patients with adequate intravascular re fi lling during dialysis session (with minor decline of relative blood volume per one L of ultra fi ltration) were noncompliant concerning fl uid restriction more frequently.