OBJECTIVE: The cultural characteristics of care behaviors in Turkish healthcare services underscore the need for a culturally adapted measurement tool to reliably assess these behaviors. This study investigated the validity and reliability of the Nurses’ Care Behaviors Scale for evaluating care provided to patients in accordance with Turkish standards. METHODS: This cross-sectional psychometric validity study was conducted between January 2024 and December 2024, involving 320 patients receiving inpatient treatment in the internal medicine and surgical units of a tertiary university hospital in eastern Turkey. Data were collected face-to-face using the “Personal Information Form” and the “Nurses’ Care Behaviors Scale.” Measurement invariance was assessed using Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis across age, gender, and marital status to ensure the scale’s equivalence across demographic groups. RESULTS: The scale had a Content Validity Index of 0.97, an item factor load range of 0.779 to 0.901, and a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.976. The CFI showed that the 14-item, one-dimensional Nurses’ Care Behaviors Scale was still the same in its Turkish form; no changes were made to the original scale form, and good fit index values were found. Multigroup CFA supported full configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across all demographic subgroups. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the Nurses’ Care Behaviors Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate nurses’ care behaviors and can be confidently used in clinical practice across different demographic groups.

Blood sampling is one of the invasive procedures in a hospital setting that can cause fear, anxiety, and stress in children. The study aimed to determine the effect of the Liquid Motion Bubbler Timer Soothing Sensory Toy on children’s fear and anxiety levels during blood sampling. The study was conducted with a total of 90 children aged 4–6 years, divided into two groups (45 in the intervention group and 45 in the control group). The data were collected by face-to-face interviews using the “Questionnaire Form”, “Children’s Fear Scale”, and “Children’s State Anxiety”. Children in the intervention group were made to play “Liquid Motion Bubbler Timer Soothing Sensory Toy” before and during the blood sampling procedure. The Dependent Groups T-Test, the Wilcoxon Test, the Independent Groups T-Test, and the Mann-Whitney U-Test were used in the analysis of the data. The Liquid Motion Bubbler Timer Soothing Sensory Toy group had significantly lower fear and anxiety scores compared to the control group (p<0.05). The Liquid Motion Bubble Timer Soothing Sensory Toy has a significant effect on children’s fear and anxiety. The innovative “Liquid Motion Bubble Timer Soothing Sensory Toy” is effective against fear and anxiety in children, and can be used by healthcare professionals working in pediatric units during invasive procedures with children. ClinicalTrials.gov (No: NCT06476418, Date: 03/05/2024, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06476418?locStr=Erzurum,

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate how the level of health literacy influences the cardiovascular health behaviors of adolescents.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out face-to-face with 487 middle school students in a province in eastern Turkey between April and June 2023. Study data were gathered from adolescents through a descriptive information form and the Health Literacy for School-Aged Children Scale (HLSAC), and the Cardiovascular Health Behavior Scale for Children (CHBSC) after obtaining written informed consent from the participants’ parents. To assess the impact of adolescents’ health literacy levels on their cardiovascular health behaviors, a simple linear regression analysis was performed.Results: The mean CHBSC, and HLSAC, scores of adolescents were 62.39 ± 11.12, and 30.14 ± 5.02respectively. The health literacy levels of adolescents explained 4.6% of the change in their cardiovascular health behaviors.Conclusions: This study revealed that adolescents’ health literacy levels have a statistically significant impact on their cardiovascular health behaviors. Interventions designed to enhance health literacy may support the adoption of healthier lifestyle habits for cardiovascular well-being and help lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the future.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the legitimacy and dependability of "the Spiritual Resilience Scale" in Turkish among people who were suffering from chronic conditions.This study was conducted with 309 individuals who had chronic diseases hospitalized at X University Hospital between October and December 2023. The study data were collected face to face using the "Spiritual Resilience Scale". According to the findings, the content validity index of the scale was found to be 0.99, and the factor loads of the items ranged from 0.833 to 0.925. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.919 for the 'Spiritual Endurance' subscale, 0.892 for the 'Spiritual Enterprise' subscale, and 0.880 for the 'Redemptive Purpose' subscale, while the overall Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale was 0.932. The CFA showed that the Turkish version of the 9-item, 3-subdimensional Spiritual Resilience Scale was correct, with no changes to the original scale form. It also found that the fit index values were good.The Turkish version of "the Spiritual Resilience Scale" is a valid and reliable measurement tool for evaluating spiritual resilience in clinical practices for individuals with chronic diseases.

To examine the effect of tele-nursing and self-management programs based on the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model on the self-care of hypertension patients. The population of this randomized controlled interventional study consisted of hypertension patients who applied to the cardiology outpatient clinics of Van Regional Training and Research Hospital between September and December 2022. The sample consisted of 60 hypertensive patients over 18 who met the study criteria and agreed to participate. Data were collected with the "Patient Information Form" and "Self-Care Management in Chronic Diseases Scale". Patients were randomized and divided into groups. Pre-test data for both groups were collected face-to-face. The intervention group received blood pressure measurement training with the "Hypertension Education Booklet" and self-management support with tele-nursing two times a week for 12 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of 6 weeks, interim tests were completed online, and after 12 weeks, post-tests were completed face-to-face. Data evaluation was performed with the blinding method. It was determined that the differences between the mean scores of the intervention and control groups on the "Self-Care Management Scale in Chronic Diseases" midterm and posttest were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded that self-management support affects the self-care management of hypertension patients. This research is a randomized controlled study. Therefore, a registration number was applied for at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number was obtained with the number "NCT05316454". (First Posted 2022–04-07).

Background: Mothers of crying babies have difficulty adapting to their roles and problems with breastfeeding and attachment. Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of the baby calming training provided to primiparous mothers on maternal role perception, maternal attachment, and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Methods: The study was conducted in a randomized controlled experimental design between March 2023 and March 2024 in the gynecology and obstetrics services of a public hospital in northeastern Turkey (Clinical Trial Number: NCT05594836). The research was conducted with a total of 84 primiparous mothers, including 41 intervention and 43 control groups, who met the inclusion criteria. The Baby Calming Training was administered face-to-face in the intervention group, utilizing a baby swaddling blanket, a sleep companion emitting white noise, and a training booklet. The control group received routine care. Data were collected through the Mother and Baby Introductory Information Form, Semantic Difference Scale-Me as a Mother, Maternal Attachment Inventory, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form, and Infant Sleep Activity Record. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, mixed design ANOVA analysis, Cohen's d, and 95% confidence interval (CI). This study adhered to CONSORT research guidelines. Results: Mothers in the intervention group exhibited higher mean scores on the perception of maternal role (mean ± SD: 70.37 ± 5.92, t: 8.590, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.347-2.375], d: 1.865, p < 0.001), maternal attachment (mean ± SD: 100.42 ± 1.52, U: 151.500, 95% CI: [0.732-0.892], d: 0.828, p < 0.001), and breastfeeding self-efficacy (mean ± SD: 64.00 ± 5.98, t: 8.109, 95% CI: [1.248-2.258], d: 1.757, p < 0.001) than the control group. It was determined that the total sleep time of the babies in the intervention group was higher, and the total crying duration was lower (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed that infant soothing training for primiparous mothers enhanced maternal role perception, maternal attachment, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and extended infants' sleep duration. Furthermore, infants exhibited reduced crying.

Objective: The aim of the study was to define the infiltration in pediatric patients and the affecting variables. Methods: The study had an observational and descriptive study design. The population comprised pediatric patients who stayed at a state hospital pediatrics clinic in the east of Türkiye between March and August 2022. The time prevalence method was used in the study. The sample size was 300 pediatric patients. The “Questionnaire Form” and the “Pediatric Peripheral Intravenous Infiltration Scale” were utilized. Results: It was determined that infiltration developed in 30% of pediatric patients. A total of 16% of the patients with infiltration had first-degree, 8.3% had second-degree, 4.7% had third-degree, and 1% had fourth-degree infiltration. Variables such as the child’s age, number of catheters, body part where the catheter was inserted, serum set type, infusion pump use, and hydration status affected the infiltration in pediatric patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of infiltration was high in pediatric patients. Intravenous infiltration is a preventable complication in children. Pediatric patients should be evaluated with a scale to prevent infiltration. It is suggested to plan the required nursing interventions to prevent infiltration.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the effect of the breast milk odor on the pain and stress levels of the newborn during the endotracheal suction procedure. Method: The study was conducted in the randomized-controlled experimental design at the neonatal intensive care unit of the hospital in eastern Turkey between March 2022 and December 2023. The study population included newborns at the 37th to 41st gestational weeks who were receiving mechanical ventilation treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit of a hospital in eastern Turkey. All newborns who met the inclusion criteria during the data collection phase were included in the study. The study was completed with 88 newborns (44 in the intervention group and 44 in the control group). The Newborn Introductory Information Form, ALPS-Neo Newborn Pain and Stress Assessment Scale, and follow-up form were used to collect the study data. The breast milk odor of the mothers of the newborns was used as the intervention group in the study. The mothers of the newborns were contacted to obtain breast milk, and the information was obtained from the mother on the day of the procedure. One milliliter of breast milk was taken and dropped into a sterile sponge, and it was held 10 cm away from the baby's nose from 5 minutes before to 5 minutes after endotracheal suction. A routine endotracheal suction process was performed in the control group. Ethical principles were followed in the study. Results: We found that the intervention group's pain and stress score averages were lower than the control group during and after the endotracheal suction procedure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We found that the breast milk odor reduced the pain, stress levels, and crying duration of newborns during the endotracheal suction process.

Purpose: The study was conducted to determine the relationship between social media addiction and perceived stress in adolescents. Method: The study was conducted in a descriptive and cross-sectional design between September and December 2022 in secondary education institutions of the Provincial Directorate of National Education in a city center in eastern Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 716 adolescents who were studying in the ninth grade (145), 10th grade (198), 11th grade (216), and 12th grade (157) who met the inclusion criteria of the study at the time the study was conducted. The sample comprised individuals with diverse sociodemographic characteristics, including ages, genders, school success levels, parents' education levels, parents' job status, socioeconomic status, time spent on daily social media, and purposes of social media use of the adolescents. The "Sociodemographic Characteristics Form," "Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents (SMASA)," and "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" were used as the data collection tools. Ethical principles were fulfilled in the study. Results: It was found that the average age of the adolescents who participated in the study was 15.71 +/- 1.22, 58.1% were females, 41.1% had good school success, 90.5% had a mobile phone, 90.2% used WhatsApp, 56.8% said that their daily social media use time was between 1 and 3 h, and 64% said that their purpose of using social media was for entertainment and leisure. The mean SMASA score was 18.49 +/- 6.98, and the mean PSS score was 42.11 +/- 7.54. It was found in the study that the mother's employment status, phone ownership status, use of Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, Snapchat, YouTube, TikTok, and LinkedIn accounts, daily social media use, time and purposes of using social media affected the mean SMASA score. Age, gender, school success, use of Instagram and Snapchat accounts, daily social media use time, and purposes of using social media affected the mean PSS score (p < 0.05). As a result of the study, a positive and low-level significant relationship was detected between social media addiction and perceived stress levels (p < 0.01). Conclusion: As the levels of social media addiction increase in adolescents, the perceived stress levels also increase. It was also found that some variables affected the social media addiction and perceived stress levels of adolescents.

PURPOSE:The study was conducted to determine the effects of white noise during nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) application on the newborn's pain and stress levels, physiological parameters, and crying durations. DESIGN AND METHODS:The study used a randomized, controlled experimental design. The study was completed with 80 newborns (40 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group). The Newborn Descriptive Data Form, ALPS Newborn Pain and Stress Assessment Scale, and Follow-up Form were used to collect the study data. Routine nasal CPAP application was performed to newborns in the control group. White noise was played to newborns in the intervention group before, during, and after the nasal CPAP application. The study was approved by an ethics committee. RESULTS:It was found that the newborn's pain and stress levels of the intervention group were lower than the control group before, during, and after the nasal CPAP application (p < 0.05). Before nasal CPAP application, the intervention group's SpO2 average was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.01). During nasal CPAP application, the intervention group's heart rate, SpO2, and crying duration averages were found to be lower than the control group (p < 0.05). After nasal CPAP application, the intervention group's crying duration average was lower than the control group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:It was found that white noise before, during, and after the nasal CPAP application reduced newborns' pain and stress levels. PRACTICE IMPLICATION:It is recommended that white noise be used as an easily applicable, economical, safe, and non-pharmacological method to reduce the pain and stress caused by nasal CPAP application in newborns. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION:The study was registered at Clinical-Trials.gov (NCT05440669).

The authors regret"Data collectionThe study data were collected by the researcher between November 2021 and March 2022 with clinical nurses who volunteered to participate in the study through face-to-face interview technique by paying attention to social distance and mask rules within the framework of Covid-19 pandemic process restrictions." Didem Taşci is a nurse. Nurse is not a name. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. Turkish validity and reliability of parenting stress scale for clinical nursesArchives of Psychiatric NursingVol. 42PreviewThe aim of this study is to conduct the validity and reliability study of Parenting Stress Scale for Clinical Nurses. Sample of the study consisted of 202 nurses who were working as clinical nurse in the hospital, who had children between the ages of 3 and 6 and who volunteered to participate in the study. The scale consists of 17 items and 4 factors as "psychological burden", "physical and mental fatigue", "shift", and "work environment". Fix index values were found as x2/SD 1.56, GFI 0.91, AGFI 0.87, CFI 0.96, RMR 0.039, RMSEA 0.053 and SRMR 0.064. Full-Text PDF

The aim of this study is to conduct the validity and reliability study of Parenting Stress Scale for Clinical Nurses. Sample of the study consisted of 202 nurses who were working as clinical nurse in the hospital, who had children between the ages of 3 and 6 and who volunteered to participate in the study. The scale consists of 17 items and 4 factors as "psychological burden", "physical and mental fatigue", "shift", and "work environment". Fix index values were found as x2/SD 1.56, GFI 0.91, AGFI 0.87, CFI 0.96, RMR 0.039, RMSEA 0.053 and SRMR 0.064. Total Cronbach α coefficient of the scale was found as 0.872. Parenting Stress Scale for Clinical Nurses Turkish version can be used as a valid and reliable instrument.

Aim. The research was carried out to determine the relationship between healthy lifestyle beliefs and hygiene behaviors of adolescents during the COVID 19 pandemic process. Materials. This descriptive-correlational research was carried out with 418 Turkish adolescents at the age of 13 to 18 years between March and August 2021. The data were collected online with a data collection tool, including a question form, the Healthy Lifestyle Belief Scale for Adolescents (HLBSA), and the Hygiene Behavior Scale (HBS). Percentage, mean, independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Results. In the study, the variables of socioeconomic status, health perception, and knowledge of healthy living have shown a significant influence on the total HLBSA score; the variables of gender, maternal occupation, health perception and knowledge of healthy living have shown a significant impact on the total HBS score (p< 0.05). The total mean score of the HLBSA was 52.97 ± 19.71, and the total mean score of the HBS was 102.07 ± 23.02. There was a statistically significant relationship between the total HLBSA score and the total HBS score during the COVID-19 epidemic (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The study found that hygiene behaviors of adolescents during the pandemic process were good if their healthy lifestyle beliefs were good.

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a cultural adaptation study of the Infant Sleep Scale for Parents (ISS-P).Materials and Methods: The research was conducted methodologically at Family Health Centers in Bulanik district of Mu between March and May 2022. The study sample consisted of 352 parents with a 12-month-old infant who met the research criteria and volunteered to participate in the research on the specified dates. The questionnaire form and ISS-P were used in collecting research data.Results: The scale consisted of 11 items and 3 sub-dimensions: "Sleep routines", "sleep autonomy", and "screen media in the sleep environment". The content validity index of the scale items was 0.97. The Kaiser-Meyer Olkin value of the scale was 0.73, Bartlett's test X2=754.652. p=0.001. The fit index values for confirmatory factor analysis were found as "X2/standard deviation 1.435, goodness of fit index (GFI) 0.948, adjusted GFI 0.917, comparative fit index 0.975, root mean square residual (RMR) 0.033 RMSEA 0.048, standardized RMR 0.0423, normed fit index (NFI) 0.924, Tucker-Lewis index 0.967, incremental fit index 0.976, parsimony GFI 0.589, and parsimony NFI 0.689". The total Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.73. The mean score of the parents from ISS-P was 2.44 & PLUSMN;0.47. Conclusion: The ISS-P Turkish version can be used as a valid and reliable scale.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between child sleep disturbances and parental stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional web-based study was conducted between February and April 2021 among 409 parents residing in Turkey who had children between the ages of 6 and 16 years. Data were collected online using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Parental Stress Scale (PSS). In the study, there was a significant relationship found between the mean scores of the SDSC and PSS (r = 0.499, p < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, family type, socioeconomic status, occupation, the presence of sleep problems in the child before the pandemic, and the total score of the PSS significantly affected the total score of the SDSC. The presence of sleep problems in the child before the pandemic was significantly associated with the total score of the PSS (p < 0.05). Approximately 3.9% of the children had sleep disturbances (at scores over 70 points) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, as the stress levels of parents increase, the rate of sleep disturbances in their children increases, and many demographic characteristics are associated with the occurrence of sleep disturbances in their children. It is important that parents do not reflect on their stress related to the pandemic and that their children maintain a normal sleep pattern whenever possible. School nurses should educate children and their parents about the importance of enough sleep and factors that contribute to inadequate sleep among children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reading a preoperative preparation-themed storybook on children's preoperative fear and anxiety levels.METHODS:The research design was a randomized controlled experiment. The research sample included 80 children (40 in the story group and 40 in the control group) who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools were collected through face-to-face interviews with the 'Survey Form', 'Child Fear Scale (CFS)' and 'Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS)'. In the research, the book named Elif Has Surgery was used as an intervention tool. In the story group, the preoperative preparation-themed storybook was read to the child in their room at the clinic by their mother within 10 min. The control group received only clinical routine. The study was approved by the ethics committee.RESULTS:There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the mean scores of the CFS and mYPAS scales in the control and story groups (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:This study found that reading a preoperative preparation-themed storybook reduced children's fear and anxiety before surgery. It may be recommended to expand the use of preoperative preparation-themed storybooks in order to prevent fear and anxiety experienced before surgery in paediatric surgery clinics. Story reading is an effective, cheap, non-pharmacological intervention. The clinical trial registration number is NCT05478369.