Objective: Obesity is associated with inflammatory process and many different diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of short term aerobic training on serum resistin and insulin resistance in adult obese women. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty untrained adult obese females matched for age 35-45 years old with body mass index (BMI) 30-36 kg/m2 were divided randomly into exercise (aerobic intervention; 6 weeks, 3 days/weekly, %55-70HRmax) and control (no training) groups. Pre and post-training of fasting blood samples were collected for measure serum resistin. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR. Data were analyzed by the independent samples T-test. Results: Aerobic training resulted in significant decrease in BMI (32.1 (± 2.76) vs 31.6 (± 2.80) kg/m2, P-value: 0.023), body fat percentage (44.7 (± 4.55) vs 44 (± 4.33), P-value: 0.028) and fasting glucose (94 (± 8.9) vs 79 (± 5.8) mg/dl, P-value: 0.011) in exercise group. No changes were observed on insulin resistance (1.43 (± 1.11) vs 1.18 (± 0.57) HOMA-IR, P-value: 0.124) and serum resistin (2.20 (± 1.07) vs 1.58 (± 0.87) ng/ml P-value: 0.062) by training program. All variables remained unchanged in control subjects. Conclusion: Despite improving fasting glucose, a short-term aerobic training is not associated with anti-inflammatory property for obese females. Improved glucose could be likely attributed to other changes in metabolic markers in response to exercise training and further studies are necessary to clarify possible mechanisms

Background: The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) has an important role in insulin signaling pathways in the target tissue of obese or insulin-resistant individuals. This study aimed to assess the effect of resistance training on fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle in male Wister rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: For this purpose, T2D induced by high- fat diet (8 weeks) and STZ in fourteen male Wistar rats (220 ± 10 g) and then assigned into exercise (resistance training, 8 weeks, 5 days/weekly, n = 7) and control (no-training, n = 7) by randomly. Fasting blood samples were obtained for measuring glucose, insulin, and calculating insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).  Also, the IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle was measured 48 hours after the last training session of both cases and controls. Results: Compared to control, IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly by resistance training in exercise groups (p = 0.001). Fasting glucose (p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (p = 0.007) were reduced in the exercise rats compared to the control group. Conclusion: Based on the results, improved fasting glucose and insulin function after resistance training in T2D diabetes could be attributed to enhancing IRS-1 expression in gastrocnemius muscle by training.

Previous studies have shown that nicotine can affect beta cell function and insulin secretion in cigarette smokers. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of 10 weeks aerobic exercise on insulin and beta cell function in smokers. In this semi-experimental study with pre and post-training design, a total of 36 adult smoker men aged 41±2.5 years were selected into either exercise (n=18) or control (n=18) groups. Exercise participants underwent a 10-weeks supervised aerobic training intervention (3 days/weeks for 45-60 min at 60-80% HR max). Pre (baseline) and post training of fasting glucose, insulin serum and beta cell function were measured of two groups. Aerobic intervention resulted in significant decrease in fasting glucose. In addition, aerobic training induced a significant increase beta cell function and serum insulin in exercise group. The control group exhibited no significant change in any variables. Long term aerobic training is associated with improvement in glycemic profile in male’s smoker. The benefits effect of aerobic intervention on glucose homeostasis in cigarette smokers may be attributed to improved beta cell function.

Introduction: Recent evidence has shown that acute exercise modulates the immune response in healthy individuals, although the effect on smokers has not drawn much attention. This study examined acute and post exercise inflammatory responses in smokers and nonsmokers to moderate aerobic exercise. Methods: For this purpose, Fifteen recreationally sedentary male smokers and 15 nonsmokers matched for age (35.5 ± 5.8 years) and BMI(31.30 ± 4.5 kg/m2) were familiarized and underwent aerobic exercise testing involved 40 min running on flat surface with no slope at 70(%) of maximal heart rate. Venous blood was obtained pre-exercise (baseline), 0, 60 min and 24 hours for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) of 2 groups. Experimental data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures in each group. Results: No differences existed between groups for baseline IL-1B between 2 groups but serum TNF-α was higher in smokers. Aerobic exercise test results a significant decrease in serum TNF-α at 0, 60 min and 24 hours compared baseline in smokers but not in non-smokers. Serum IL-1βremained unchanged at all blood samples after exercise test in both groups. Conclusion: All together, based on acute and recovery response of TNF-α to exercise, it seems that a moderate aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on inflammatory profile in smokers.

Introduction: The feedback loop among estradiol-estrogen receptorα-microRNAr-206 introduced as a novel mechanism in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the effect of aerobic training on regulatory process of this feedback loop in estrogendependant breast cancer mice. Method: MC4-L2 breast cancer cells were injected into 20 Balb-c mice (6-8 weeks, 14-15g weight), then they were randomly divided into control and exercise groups (n=10). Exercise group completed aerobic training for 6 weeks, 5 days per week (14-18 m/min). After tumor emersion, width and length of tumor were measured by digital caliper every week. Mice were sacrificed 48 hours after the last exercise. Blood and tissue sampling were collected and stored in -70o. At first, total RNA was extracted by trizol and the expression levels of mir-206 and ERα were accounted with Real time-PCR and E2 were measured by ELISA Kit. Results: Plasma E2 (P=0/001) and ERα (p=0/0001) expression was significantly decreased and the expression of mir-206 was significantly increased in exercise group compare with control group. Tumor size also had significantly reduction in exercise group compare with control group (p=0/037). Conclusion: according to up-regulation effects of aerobic exercise training on mir-206 and down-regulation effects of it’s on ERα expression and decreased level of plasma E2 in breast cancer mice, aerobic training could propel this feedback loop to reduce Cell proliferation and can be known as a novel mechanism in positive and adjuvant effects of exercise on breast cancer.