One of the most prevalent skin issues among teens and during puberty is acne. The antimicrobial resistance of certain strains of acne-producing bacteria increases the acne severity. Therefore, alternative anti-acne treatments based on natural ingredients have become a necessity. This study aims to design an essential oil formulation for acne therapy, and evaluate the effectiveness of the formulation product on acne patients. Some of the essential oils used are tamanu oil, benzoin, sandalwood, jojoba, and carrier oils. This simple experimental study tested three formulations on 15 volunteer patients divided into three groups of five patients each. Each formulation was applied daily for four weeks beginning in early 2022. Weekly examinations were performed to assess the improvement of the patient's facial skin in comparison to its condition prior to application. The results showed that all groups reported improvement in acne conditions, which ranged between 52% and 81% clearance of lesions compared to their previous condition. According to preliminary testing, all formulations are stable during treatment applications. Side effects such as burning sensations and skin redness are minimal and disappear within a few minutes after completing the application. This condition allows opportunities for the development of essential oil-based innovation products for facial skin treatments.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased global awareness of importance of leading a healthy and balanced lifestyle. This is reflected in the growth of the essential oil market for lifestyle, beauty, and daily remedies. Unfortunately, there is limited domestic products to meet the growing demand for essential oils. Lack of information in determining the market segmentation was identified as one of the causes of underdeveloped domestic products. This research identified market segmentation and characterization of essential oil products derived from Indonesian forests. A total of 500 consumers were interviewed from 2020 to 2021 regarding their consumption patterns and knowledge of essential oil products. A two-step cluster analysis approach was also used to determine segmentation and characterization. The results of the study show that consumer segmentation of essential oils is determined by income and education levels, awareness of a healthy and balanced lifestyle, and access to information. As a result, demand for essential oil products will rise along with the higher socioeconomic status and access online shopping. Consumers in this segment obtain products from online markets, which typically offer imported products alongside limited local products. Therefore, the advantages of local products need to be disseminated to reduce imports, particularly those made from materials derived from Indonesia's forests.

Resin and essential oil from Sumatran camphor (Dryobalanops aromatica) contains efficacious aromatic compounds for medicine, preservatives, perfumery, and others. Unfortunately, camphor production still relies on harvesting the crystallized resin, whereas essential oils and hydrosols from leaves and resin extraction have never been applied domestically. The objective of the research was to evaluate the essential oils and hydrosol productivity from the leaves and liquid camphor resin distillation. The material used was young leaves collected from Aek Nauli's experimental garden in North Sumatra, Indonesia, while the crystallized resin was gathered from natural stands in Subulussalam, Aceh. Three replicates of each of two resin qualities and three levels of leaf youth were applied. Conventionally, camphor crystals or oils are produced by cutting, splitting, or notching the stem of standing trees and collecting the fluids that exudes from the wounded resinous channel. This method produces approximately 1.0–3.5 kg of crystals or 500–1,500 ml of oil. Liquid resin and leaf extraction can be employed for essential oil and hydrosol production. Essential oils and hydrosols can be produced using liquid resin and leaf distillation. At the end of steam distillation, the resin produces 2.68–12.1% essential oil and 5.2-28.31% hydrosol. Leaf biomass also contains 0.24–0.76% essential oil. Considering that leaves have been underutilized, essential oils and hydrosol production are promising to optimize the productivity of this non-timber forest product.

Abstract There is recently an issue; Batanghari watershed degradation and sustaining Batanghari watershed quality in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Watershed degradation and sustaining watershed quality as well as putting ecological point of view upon watershed management, which in turn emerge in term : integrated watershed management, is also a global issue. We aware of the interdependency between land and soil along with all inherent aspects in them and watershed quality and all inherent aspects in it. It has been proved that unwise measures upon land and soil gives undesired impacts on watershed quality. The first damages shall mostly be upon water quality. For the existence of human being and livelihood of most communities depend strongly on soil and water, at least true to happen in developing and under developed countries, it is true then that both soil and water should be regarded as very important natural resources. By this thought managing and sustaining watersheds need an integrated measures for both components: river, landuse-soil through an ecological approach, conditio sine qua none all efforts will end in failure. The main goal of watershed management are to integrate the use of water, soil, forest and other natural resources within watershed into a NOT CONFLICTING dynamic-ecological based management. This goal can be achieved through an implementation of interdependency concept to regional space planning. Keywords: watershed, river and interdependency Abstrak Baru-baru ini ada masalah; Degradasi DAS Batanghari dan Menjaga Kualitas DAS Batanghari di Provinsi Jambi, Indonesia. Degradasi DAS dan mempertahankan kualitas DAS serta menempatkan sudut pandang ekologi pada pengelolaan DAS, yang pada gilirannya muncul dalam istilah: pengelolaan DAS terpadu, juga merupakan isu global. Kami menyadari adanya saling ketergantungan antara tanah dan tanah beserta segala aspek yang melekat di dalamnya dan kualitas DAS serta segala aspek yang melekat di dalamnya. Terbukti bahwa tindakan yang tidak bijaksana terhadap tanah dan tanah memberikan dampak yang tidak diinginkan pada kualitas DAS. Kerusakan pertama sebagian besar terjadi pada kualitas air. Karena keberadaan manusia dan mata pencaharian sebagian besar masyarakat sangat bergantung pada tanah dan air, setidaknya benar terjadi di negara berkembang dan terbelakang, maka benar bahwa tanah dan air harus dianggap sebagai sumber daya alam yang sangat penting. Dengan pemikiran tersebut pengelolaan dan pelestarian DAS memerlukan langkah-langkah yang terintegrasi dari kedua komponen: sungai, tata guna lahan-tanah melalui pendekatan ekologis, conditio sine qua none semua upaya akan berakhir dengan kegagalan. Tujuan utama pengelolaan DAS adalah mengintegrasikan pemanfaatan air, tanah, hutan dan sumber daya alam lainnya di dalam DAS ke dalam suatu pengelolaan berbasis ekologis dinamis yang TIDAK BERKONFLIK. Tujuan ini dapat dicapai melalui implementasi konsep interdependensi dalam perencanaan ruang wilayah. Kata kunci: DAS, sungai dan interdependensi

The management of natural resources based on socio-economic and ecology development has led to a focus on the bioeconomy in the policy discourse of non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Honey is an important NTFP with high socio-economic value, and its production involves millions of Indonesians. This article reviews the current status of honey-producing bee management, cultivation and harvesting system, marketing and socio-economic values, and the industry’s environmental function in Indonesia. This research utilized a meta-narrative review method to collect data and information from Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, ResearchGate, Sinta, and Garuda. The study showed that the four bee species, namely Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, and stingless bee, are the most common species in honey production in Indonesia. The four species have specific characteristics based on habitat, production capacity, derivative products, management intervention to meet honey product standards, and sustainable livelihoods. The value chain of bees’ major products, such as honey, propolis, pollen, royal jelly, wax, and other derivative products, involves the distribution of honey to all involved communities, including beekeepers, honey gatherers/hunters, intermediate traders, and the processing industry. This study also found a significant association between environmental sustainability statutes that affects functional sustainability and economic function. The finding parallels the global trends that put forward a forest-based bioeconomy approach to forest resource management. The policy must be strengthened in managing relationships among supporting actors for sustainable honey production.

The conversion of tropical peatlands to oil palm plantations has affected the long-term storage stability of water and carbon. The conversion requires a drainage system that results in land subsidence and, in turn, reduces the carrying capacity of water storage and carbon stocks. This study aims to analyze subsidence from long-term observations (2004-2020) to obtain an appropriate water management measure for three scenarios of drainage depths at the oil palm plantations in Jambi Province. It is found that the reduction is quite variable depending on the level of drainage depths. The subsidence was 55 cm, 49 cm, and 34.7 cm for deep, moderate, and shallow drainage conditions. The groundwater level was deeper than 100 cm, which is far below the threshold of 40 cm, as stated in the government regulations. However, the regulations are still debated since subsidence must occur in drained peatlands regardless of the water level. The observed large subsidence implies that better water management in a new site is crucial and necessary to reduce the impact of peatlands degradation relative to current conditions and that high rates of land subsidence should be accepted as an inevitable change from the conversion of tropical peatlands to oil palm plantations.

Application of Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array Detector for Analysis of Whitening Agents in Cream CosmeticsSudibyo Martono, Iis Febriani, Abdul Rohman

The Eupatorium plant has been well used in medication and as a decorative plant. Some studies have reported that this herb has biochemical compounds, such as sesquiterpenes, phenolics, polysaccharides, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Thus, it has pharmacological effects, including antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antinociceptive properties, that can be utilized for cosmetic purposes. However, only a few published works have summarized the active compounds and the application of Eupatorium plants as cosmetic agents. Therefore, this article aims to review the application of Eupatorium plants as a potential cosmetic agent. The active compounds of Eupatorium are contained in the whole plant, as well as the stems, leaves, roots, and aerial parts (flower, fruit, and seeds). In terms of cosmetic applications, the activities of Eupathorium are antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-melanin/melanogenesis, anti-acne, and anti-inflammatory. This review aims to contribute to a better understanding for expanding the utilization of this plant for cosmetic purposes by using these active compounds.

The global pandemic Covid-19 encourages peoples to improve their immune system. Both healthy food and regular exercise, good immunity can be achieved from healthy and relaxing mind, including through aromatherapy. This is in line with increasing awareness in holistic and organic medicine. The objectives of study are to develop aromatherapy products based-on sumatran camphor, styrax, and eucalypts essential oils; and to identify consumer preferences for innovation products. A conjoint analysis was operated to determine consumer preferences. The active compounds contained in essential oils combination are including a-pinene, 1.8-cineole, limonene, b-caryophyllene and p-cymene. The combination and presence of similar active compound harmonize aroma with minimal contraindications and produce refreshing and relaxing aromas. The 1.8-cineole is known as anti-fungal, antiviral which offer relief to congested respiratory system, thereby boosts immune system. Moreover, p-cymene has been identified to reduce anxiety, nervousness, and relaxing the mind. Based on conjoint analysis, aroma has the greatest influence on consumer preferences. The most preferred profile is aromatherapy product which soft-refreshing aroma, roll-on package, volume 6 ml, at price of Rp 35,000. Aroma is influenced by personal’s perceptions, which related to initial recognition of certain scents as olfactory memory.

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) management can lead to various benefits for community livelihood and forest sustainability. However, such management has not been carried out optimally and sustainably in Indonesia, due to various limiting factors including ineffective policies, undeveloped cultivation technologies, and inadequate innovation in processing technologies. Further, the diversity of NTFPs species requires that policy-makers determine the priority species to be developed. Agarwood (Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops spp.), benzoin (Styrax spp.), sandalwood (Santalum album L.), and cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) are aromatic NTFPs species in Indonesia that forest-dwellers have utilized across generations. This paper reviews the current governance, cultivation systems, processing and valuation, and benefits and uses of these species. We also highlights the future challenges and prospects of these NTFPs species, which are expected to be useful in designing NTFPs governance, in order to maximize the associated benefits for the farmers and all related stakeholders.

Zanthoxylum acanthopodium is a nutritional plant utilized for both culinary and medicinal purposes. The herb, popularly known as andalimanis found in sloppy, barren, cultivated lands and secondary forests in Lake Toba, North Sumatra. This study aimed to provide an ethnobotanical description, productivity and propagation, essential oil of andaliman and the application as traditional medicine in Lake Toba. Botanical characters were collected by observing phenology and distilling essential oils. The ethnomedicine information was collected through in-depth interviews with farmers and herbal practitioners, meanwhile, phytochemical content was identified based on various primary literature. Results showed flowering period occurs from March until April and followed by fruiting in May to September. Fruits were widely processed as cooking spices for various cuisines. It played an important role in local people’s diet by supplying carbohydrate, minerals and vitamins. This ingredient was favoured for its citrus-colored oil content and a spicy taste with an appetizing aroma. This spice was also utilized in traditional medicine. Both dry and fresh fruits were used for gums and dental disorders as dyspepsia or lotion for scabies. Fresh roots were also used to cure dental problems. All plant plants contain essential oil with a higher concentration in fruits (4.89%). The local wisdom also reveals the essential oil utilization as an antimicrobial ingredient that could be further processed as a food preservative. To increase generative propagation, seed dormancy breaking treatment through a low-intensity burning can increase the germination rate.

Indonesia is blessed with the wonderful and beautiful Lake Toba catchment area where diverse bamboo species grow and provide socio economic benefits to the Bataknese community indigenous to the region. The bamboo resource, however, hasn't been sustainably managed due mainly to over-cutting while cultivation has been insignificant. This study aims to investigate the relevant interventions for achieving sustainable bamboo resource in this region. Data were derived from questionnaire surveys of 154 women and in-depth interviews with 65 respondents in Simalungun and Karo districts. In order to identify the cause of problem and strategies for sustainable management, a problem tree analysis was conducted. Findings of the study show that strengthening institutional framework, utilizing efficiently, enhancing initiatives on bamboo conservation and development, and promoting local stakeholders are identified as strategies for sustainable management. The basic notions are that achieving sustainable management is feasible only with stakeholders' support, and local communities must be provided with decent incomes by efficient utilization. Furthermore, bamboo management must be supported by promoting gender equality and empower women related to their control over bamboo plantation and harvesting, market access and other decision-making opportunities on income and expenditure. The study recognizes that there is a strong relationship between decision making authority and women empowerment.

Macadamia integrifolia is an exotic species in Indonesia. However, based on planting trials in Lake Toba, this species also well adapted on critical land dominated by Imperata cylindrica and produce high economic value fruits, so that potential as a forest and land rehabilitation tree species and community development. Unfortunately, the information on its seed handling for propagation still very limited. Therefore, our research was conducted to determine the effect of various storage condition to maintain the seeds viability. Research was designed using factorial in complete randomized design with three factors and 36 treatments. Each experimental unit consisted of 15 seeds. Results on variance analysis showed that, interaction of Natrium benzoate and charcoal powder treatment with different storage periods over 3 months (12 weeks) was significant on germination value and growth rate. The interaction effects with different storage conditions and different storage periods over 3 months was significant on 50 % limit of germination. During storage of seed, storage treatment and storage period play an important role in determining seed viability.

Tropical peat forest ecosystems have multiple benefits as regulating hydrological system, carbon storage, timber and non-timber products, and protecting the biodiversity. Lack of understanding of these functions, short-term economic benefits is more preferable despite reducing its ecological benefits. This study proposed a system dynamics model of tropical peat forest ecosystem in determining its optimum management for extractive utilizations (timber and non-timber forest products), environmental services, and biodiversity. Adynamics model was used to describe changes in peatland and forest cover, biomass accumulation and carbon storage, and total economic value of tropical peat forest ecosystem in Trumon and Singkil, Southern Aceh. The projection showed that peat forest ecosystem benefits would decline in the long term if degradations continue at the same rate over last decade. Efforts to change the primary peat forest to plantation would reduce the total economic value of ecosystem and biodiversity values at level -19.63% and -26.28% from current conditions. Carbon emissions were increased at 117.32 ton CO2 eq ha(-1) year(-1), higher than average of carbon losses from peatland oxidation. Preserving 50% of forest vegetation on moderate depth and protection very deep peatlands would reduce emission -6.96% to -35.06% and increase forest carbon storage at significant rate +15.06% to +63.32%, respectively. These mitigation schemes would improve the biodiversity and hydrological function. Forest rehabilitation with agroforestry practices will enhance carbon uptake, especially on degraded lands.

Sustainable forest management need an effective yield regulation. This is depend on precision of growth and yield prediction on determination of rotation, harvesting intensity, thinning regime and another silviculture option. The objective of the study was to develop growth and yield model and defi ned optimum cutting rotation for Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden timber estate at Aek Nauli Simalungun North Sumatra. Current growth estimation and yield prediction models were studied using data from 15 permanent sampling plots. Data from annual measurement were used to formulate the models which include stand diameter and height function, basal area and stand volume function. Site quality was calculated using site index equation SI = H*{(1+10.03*e )/(1+10.03*e. This equation was developed based on relationship dominant height with stand age. Site index in that region have varies from 18.99 to 35.26. According on interception of curva Current Annual Increment (CAI) and Mean Annual Increment (MAI) were defi ned optimum cutting rotation at 6 year. Volume yield at this end rotation is 165,24 m -0.59*1/83/ha with MAI (Mean Annual Increment) 27,54 m /ha/yr. Yield prediction model were developed by regression analysis. The optimum of equations of mean of diameter, height, basal area and stand volume showed as follow: a. Stand dbh model : ln D = 0.743 + 0.363 ln A + 0.142 lnS + 0.313 ln B; b. Stand mean height model: lnH = - 0.206 + 0.247 lnA + 0.100 lnB + 0.822 lnS; c. Volume yield model : ln V = - 1.96 + 0.526 ln A + 0.548ln B + 1.38 ln S. Where D : dbh (cm), H: mean height (h), V : stand volume (m33 ha), A : age (yr), B: basal area (m), and S : site index. 2-1-0.59A

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model hipotetis penjarangan hutan tanaman jenis ekaliptus ( Eu calyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden) berdasarkan pendekatan analisis sistem. Pada saat ini di lokasi penelitian kegiatan penjarangan belum dilakukan karena orientasi pengusahaan masih pada hasil biomassa. Model sistem yang dibangun digunakan untuk mengetahui waktu dan intensitas penjarangan yang optimal. Berdasarkan simulasi terhadap berbagai skenario preskripsi penjarangan, intensitas penjarangan 25 % dengan rotasi penjarangan 15 tahun memberikan hasil maksimal sebesar 40,7 m3 per ha per tahun atau 610,5 m3 per ha tegakan dengan rata-rata diameter 39,0 cm. Hasil total tersebut diperoleh dari kegiatan penjarangan sebesar 80,1 m3 per ha dan hasil tebangan akhir daur sebesar 530,4 m3 per ha. Model yang dibangun merupakan model hipotetis sehingga validasi sangat perlu dilakukan dengan membangun petak ukur penjarangan di lapangan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang persepsi dari berbagai lembaga strategis terhadap setiap kriteria indikator Pengelolaan Hutan Alam Produksi Lestari (PHAPL), hasil pengujian penerapan kriteria dan indikator, permasalahan yang muncul, dan hasil perumusan berbagai strategi pengelolaan hutan lestari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan kriteria prasyarat memiliki bobot tertinggi terhadap pencapaian pengelolaan hutan lestari khususnya indikator kepastian kawasan unit manajemen. Disadari oleh masing-masing stakeholder bahwa kepastian status unit manajemen merupakan dasar dari kepastian pengusahaan hutan dan ketidakpastian, hal ini merupakan akar dari konflik yang terjadi antara masyarakat dengan pemegang konsesi Hak Pengusahaan Hutan (HPH). Masalah ini juga diakibatkan oleh tidak terakomodasikannya kepentingan masyarakat terhadap sumberdaya hutan. Oleh karena itu strategi pemecahannya harus diarahkan pada penetapan kepastian kawasan, perbaikan pasar perkayuan (termasuk pengatasan illegal trade ), dan pengikursertaan masyarakat dalam kegiatan pengelolaan hutan. Dalam implementasi penilaian kriteria dan indikator PHAPL, mekanisme penilaian yang terlalu spesifik dan kaku cenderung menyulitkan penilai untuk mengakomodasikan dinamika perubahan yang terjadi dan juga cenderung lebih bersifat teknis prosedural, sehingga diperlukan perumusan kembali terutama berkaitan dengan berbagai aspek gangguan dan kondisi spesifik hutan alam produksi.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model analisis sistem dinamika struktur tegakan dan pengaturan hasil hutan rawa tidak seumur di Riau. Model disusun berdasarkan pada seri data petak ukur permanen di hutan alam bekas tebangan pada kawasan pengusahaan hutan PT. Diamond Raya Timber, Provinsi Riau. Dinamika struktur tegakan terdiri atas ingrowth , upgrowth , dan mortality . Model yang dibangun didasarkan pada kelompok jenis (Dipterocarpaceae, non-Dipterocarpaceae, dan non-komersial). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa dengan siklus tebang 35 tahun, tegakan pada siklus tebang kedua belum mencapai kondisi semula. Memperpanjang siklus tebang hingga 40 tahun atau menurunkan limit diameter hingga kelas diameter 40 cm merupakan alternatif untuk menjaga kelestarian hasil. Siklus tebang yang semakin panjang ini juga didukung oleh riap diameter yang lebih kecil dari satu cm/tahun yang menjadi dasar penetapan siklus tebang 35 tahun.

Pertumbuhan hutan setelah penebangan m erepresentasikan dinamika perturnbuhan tegakan melalui penambahan individu pohon baru (in g ro w t h ) , peningkatan fase perturnbuhan melalui pertambahan diameter ( u pgrow t h ) , dan kematian pohon penyusun tegakan ( m o r t a li ty ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun model penduga in grow t h, u pgr o w th, dan mor t ali ty hutan rawa dengan menggunakan data seri petak ukur permanen HPH PT. Inti Prona Provinsi Riau. Model yang dibangun menunjukkan bahwa laju in grow t h , u p gr ow th, dan m or tal ity dipengaruhi oleh luas bidang dasar tegakan, kerapatan tegakan, dan ukuran pohon. Laju i n g row t h dan u pgrow t h berhubungan negatif dengan luas bidang dasar tegakan, dan i ngr ow t h dan upgrow t h akan semakin rendah pada luas bidang dasar tegakan yang semakin besar (tegakan yang lebih rapat). Sedangkan laju m or t a li ty berhubungan positif dengan luas bidang dasar tegakan, sehingga laju mo rt a li ty akan semakin tinggi pada luas bidang dasar tegakan yang semakin besar.