Anne-babanın uyguladığı fiziksel ceza, ilk ve ortaöğretim çocukları arasında zorba ve kurban olunma süreçleri açısından önemli bir risk faktörüdür. Anne-baba tarafından çocuklarına uygulanan fiziksel cezanın zorba ve kurban olunma sürecini nasıl etkilediğini ve bu etkinin altında yatan dinamiklerinin neler olabileceğini ortaya koyan sınırlı sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Kesitsel tasarımın kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, anne-babanın çocuklarını disipline etmek için kullandıkları fiziksel ceza ile zorba-kurban olunma süreçleri arasındaki̇ i̇li̇şki̇de sürekli öfkenin aracı rolünü i̇ncelemi̇şti̇r. Toplam 416 ortaokul öğrencisinden (%49 kız; yaşort = 12,89) veri elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, fiziksel cezanın ortaokul öğrencilerinde hem zorba hem kurban olunma sürecini pozitif yönde etkilediğini ve bu etkiye sürekli öfkenin pozitif yönde aracılık ettiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma, anne-baba tarafından uygulanan fiziksel cezanın olumsuz sonuçlarına ilişkin artan kanıtlara katkıda bulunarak aile içi dinamiklerin çocukların okuldaki sosyal yaşamları üzerindeki etkilerine dair yeni bilgiler sunmuştur. Ailelerin farkındalığını artırmak ve klinik destek sağlamak, fiziksel cezanın sürekli öfkenin aracılığıyla çocuklarda oluşturabilecek zorba ve kurban olunma süreçlerinin etkilerini hafifletebilir.

Bu çalışmada, algılanan akademik destek ve öğrenci tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkide akademik akışın aracılık rolü incelenmiştir. Korelasyonel (ilişkisel) desenin kullanıldığı çalışmanın örneklemini 342 lise öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada, kişisel bilgi formu, Akademik Destek Ölçeği (ADÖ), Akademik Bağlamda Akış Ölçeği (ABAÖ) ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri-Öğrenci Formu (MTE-ÖF) kullanılarak veriler yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Algılanan akademik destek, akademik akış ve tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) ve Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, akademik akışın algılanan akademik destek (anne-baba, öğretmen ve arkadaş) ile pozitif; öğrenci tükenmişliği ile negatif yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca algılanan akademik destek ile öğrenci tükenmişliği arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak algılanan akademik destek ile öğrenci tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkide, akademik akışın aracılık rolüne sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmanın dikkat çekici bulgusu ise anne-baba ve öğretmen akademik desteği öğrenci tükenmişliği üzerinde anlamlı bir toplam etkiye sahip iken arkadaş akademik desteğinin öğrenci tükenmişliği üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmamasıdır. Özellikle öğretmen-öğrenci ilişkisinin önemini ortaya koyan araştırma sonucu, öğretmenlerin destekleyici tutumlarıyla öğrencilerin akademik bağlamda daha sık akış deneyimleyerek tükenmişlik riskinin azaltılabileceğini göstermektedir.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the duration of social media use and the level of hope and life satisfaction of eighth-grade students. To this end, the study tested two hypotheses: (a) life satisfaction decreases with increasing duration of social media use, and (b) the level of hope decreases with increasing duration of social media use. The study sample consists of 261 secondary school students, including 163 girls (62.5 %) and 98 boys (37.5 %), attending the eighth grade in central districts of East Anatolia Region in Türkiye (mean age = 18, SD = .589). The data collection instruments used in the study were the personal information form and the hope and life satisfaction scales. The personal information form included demographic variables and asked students how many minutes per day they used social media in the past six months, aiming to determine the amount of time spent by students on social media platforms. Platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter were included in the social media category. The results indicate that as the duration of social media use increases, students` life satisfaction and hope levels decrease. Regression analysis results, conducted to understand the causality of the relationship between variables, suggest that the increase in the duration of social media use can be identified as one of the reasons for the decrease in life satisfaction and hope levels.

Bu çalışmada, ders çalışma süresi ve sınav başarısı arasındaki ilişkide sınav kaygısının düzenleyicilik rolü incelenmiştir. Kesitsel bir tasarım kullanılan çalışmada 719 lise son sınıf öğrencisine (Ortyaş = 17.71) ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Sınav Kaygısı Ölçeği ile demografik bilgi ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca düzenleyicilik rolünü araştırmak üzere katılımcıların en son girdikleri deneme sınavından aldıkları puanlar ve son altı ayda kaç dakika ders çalıştıkları ile ilgili bilgiler toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS programı kullanılırken, düzenleyicilik ilişkisini test etmek amacıyla Process Macro model 1 kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, ders çalışmaya ayrılan süre ile sınav başarısı arasında pozitif yönde ilişki olduğunu ve bu ilişkinin sınav kaygısı tarafından düzenlendiğini göstermektedir. Ders çalışma süresi ile sınav başarısı arasındaki bu pozitif ilişki sınav kaygısı düşük olanlarda daha yüksektir. Sınav kaygısı yüksek olan adayların daha az ders çalışma süresi olduğu ve bu durumun da dolaylı olarak sınav başarısını etkilediği görülmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında üniversiteye hazırlanan adayların, zaman yönetimi becerileri, kaygı ile baş etme becerilerine yönelik stratejiler tartışılmış ve literatür ışığında adaylara, öğretmenlere, anne-babalara ve ileride bu konuda yapılabilecek araştırmalar ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

ObjectiveTo compare carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), systolic and diastolic diameters (D), intima-media thickness/diameter ratio (IDR) values in children with ASD, and control groups, and to analyze the correlation of these parameters with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores.MethodsThis prospective case-control study included 37 children diagnosed with ASD and 38 individuals without ASD in the control group. Correlation assessments of sonographic measurements with CARS scores in the ASD group were also performed.ResultsDiastolic diameters of the right (median of ASD group:5.5 mm, control group:5.1 mm) and left (median of ASD group: 5.5 mm, in control group: 5.1 mm) side were higher in the ASD group (p = .015 and p = .032 respectively). A statistically significant correlation was detected between CARS score and left cIMT, right cIMT, right cIMT/systolic D, right cIMT/diastolic D, left cIMT/systolic D, and left cIMT/diastolic D (p < .05).ConclusionVascular diameters, cIMT, and IDR values of children with ASD positively correlated with CARS scores, and these findings could be interpreted as a marker of early atherosclerosis in children with ASD.

Bu nitel araştırmanın amacı, Kariyer Yelkenlisi Modelinin (KYM), üniversite öğrencilerinin bölüm tercihlerini etkileyen etmenleri ne ölçüde betimleyebildiğini, kuramın belirtmiş olduğu dört ana etmenin (bireysel, sosyal, sistem, şans) kapsayıcı olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Bu konuyu araştırmak için 18- 29 yaş grubundaki (X̄ = 19.94; SS = 1.77), 129 üniversite öğrencisi ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapıldı. Yönlendirilmiş içerik analizi, üniversite öğrencilerinin bölüm tercihlerini etkileyen etmenlerin KYM’nin belirlediği dört ana etmen çerçevesinde açıklanabildiğini; ancak alt etmenlerden sadece dokuz tanesinin katılımcılar tarafından dile getirildiğini gösterdi. Öğrencilerin bölüm tercihlerini etkileyen en güçlü etmen bireysel etmenlerdi. Bunu sırası ile çevresel-toplumsal, sosyal ve şans etmenleri takip etti. Elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde KYM’nin ana ve alt temalarına ilişkin değerlendirmeler ve öneriler sunuldu.

The main purpose of the study is to determine the level of Turkish university students' belief in the COVID-19 conspiracy theories. The study involves 676 university students from 52 cities in Turkey who are 18 to 36 years old (M = 22.21 years, SD = 2.65). The research is structured in two stages: Study 1 and Study 2. In Study 1, a valid and reliable measuring tool called the COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories Scale (CTCV-19S) is developed to determine the extent to which students believe in COVID-19 conspiracy theories. In Study 2, on the other hand, the level of Turkish university students' belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories is examined using the CTCV-19S within the framework of the role of fear of COVID-19 fear and political orientation. As a result, it is found that Turkish university students believed in COVID-19 conspiracy theories at a higher rate than the general population, and there is a positive relationship between COVID-19 fear and COVID-19 conspiracy theories. It is also found that students with right-wing political views are more prone to believe in COVID-19 conspiracy theories.

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a lifelong, chronic mental illness with recurrent depressive, manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes, with euthymic periods between episodes. The inadequate response is defined as the ineffectiveness of the drug from two different groups, despite being used sufficient dose and duration for the specific attack of the disease. BD is also related to impairment in functionality and disability. Most studies have demonstrated marked deterioration of quality of life and disability in patients with BD, even if they are clinically considered euthymic. Our study aims to determine the factors affecting the response to treatment and compare the quality of life and disability in patients with bipolar disorder. Our study included 150 patients with BD between 18-65 years who applied to the Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Psychiatry Clinic. Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment response. Sociodemographic Data Form, Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-27) were applied to the participants. Inadequate response group had higher mood episodes, number of hospitalization, inadequate family support, non-adherence to treatment, suicide attempt, psychiatric comorbidity, late-onset treatment, and higher mean CGI-S and SDS subscales scores and lower mean WHOQOL-BREF 27 score. Inadequate response to treatment was associated with worse functionality and disability. Inadequate response related factors such as misdiagnosis, late diagnosis, late treatment, low adherence to treatment, missed psychiatric comorbidity, and inadequate family support should be minimized. Treatment should aim not only to remission symptoms but also aim complete functional recovery and no disability in work, social life, and family life/home responsibilities.

The present study investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety levels, contamination and responsibility/control obsessions and associated OC behaviors in healthcare versus non-healthcare professionals. The study also aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety levels and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom levels, gender, age, educational level, and personal and family history of chronic diseases. The 664 participants included 395 (59.5%) men and 269 (40.5%) women and comprised 180 (27.1%) healthcare professionals and 484 (72.9%) non-healthcare professionals. The survey included three data collection tools: (i) Sociodemographic data form, (ii) Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAD, and (iii) the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Abriged (DOCS-A) pre- and post-pandemic forms. The BAI scores established a moderate positive correlation with post-pandemic DOCS-A total scores and a weak positive correlation with pre-pandemic DOCS-A total scores (p < 0.001 for both). Pre- and post-pandemic DOCS-A total and subdimension scores were significantly higher in women than in men (p < 0.05). Participants with a personal history of chronic diseases had higher BAI and DOCS-A scores compared to participants with no such history (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The results indicated a significant increase in OC symptoms during the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period and a moderate correlation between the anxiety levels and OC symptom severity. It was also revealed that female gender and personal or family history of chronic diseases posed a higher risk for the increase in anxiety and OC symptoms and healthcare professionals had a higher risk of developing anxiety symptoms compared to non-healthcare professionals.

Background and Objective. - To evaluate the effect of cognitive and sociodemographic characteristics of healthcare and non-healthcare workers on their traumatic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. - Data were collected using an online survey between August-September 2020. The survey included the following scales: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Traumatic responses were categorized into three types: avoidance (IESR_A), intrusion (IES-R_I), and hyperarousal (IES-R_H). Results. - The study included a total of 672 participants, comprised of 399 (59.4%) men, and 273 (40.6%) women with a mean age of 39.25 +/- 933 years. The results indicated that women had higher IES-R_I (r=.5.78, p < 0.001), IES-R_A (r = 4.47, p < 0.001), and IES-R_H (r =.5.20, p < 0.001) scores compared to men. Patients with a history of psychiatric diseases had significantly higher IES-R_I (r = -3.82, p < 0.001), IES-R_A (r = -2.00, p < 0.05), and IES-R_H (r = -4.06, p < 0.001) scores compared to patients with no history of psychiatric diseases. Non-healthcare workers had significantly higher IES-R_A (r = -2.69, p < 0.01) scores compared to healthcare workers. Conclusion. - Female gender and a positive history of psychiatric diseases were found to lead to an increase in the frequency of all three traumatic responses to COVID-19. Contrary to expectation, being a healthcare worker was not found as a factor facilitating trauma response formation in our study. (C) 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the usage frequency of long-acting injectable antipsychotics among bipolar disorder type 1 patients who presented to the Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Psychiatry and Mental Health outpatient clinic, the clinical characteristics of these patients, and the preferences of clinicians about these agents. Materials and Methods: Our study included 111 patients older than 18 years old with bipolar disorder. The ’data of the patients were retrospectively obtained from electronic data records. The data were recorded in the data collection form prepared by the researchers with the support of the literature. Results: The rate of the patients who used long-acting injectable antipsychotics was 21.6%. Among the patients who used long-acting injectable antipsychotics, the rate of those who used second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics was 58.3%, and the most frequently preferred agent was paliperidone palmitate. The patients who were using long-acting injectable antipsychotics had significantly higher rates of not working and numbers of hospitalizations. Conclusion: Our results showed that long-acting injectable antipsychotics are preferred by clinicians in our outpatient clinic in the later stages of bipolar disorders and for patients with poor drug compliance, poor functionality, and more hospitalizations. Starting long-acting injectable antipsychotics in the early stages of bipolar disorders, even following the first attack, may increase treatment compliance, reduce the duration of hospitalization, and contribute to the functionality of patients.

Aim: Patients with mental disorders have common psychical comorbidities, however there is limited studies about this issue in Turkey.This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the physical health of outpatients being followed up in the psychiatric clinic of a university hospital.Methods: Data from a total of 137 patients were collected using a detailed information form.Physical health was assessed by questioning patients about substance use, health-promoting behaviors, exercise, diet, sleep, self-care, oral hygiene, elimination, and sex life and measuring their height, weight, and vital findings.Results: It was determined that 21.9% of the participants had a physical disease.The patients slept an average of 8.24±2.24hours per night and 59.9% did not feel rested when they woke up; 55.5% of the patients had bowel movements once a day; 55.5% were not satisfied with their sex life and 80.3% did not use any contraceptive methods.In addition, 33.6% of the patients reported experiencing pain, with headaches being the most common (13.9%).The mean body mass index of the participants was 25.26±4.94. Conclusion:In this study, the results was similar with literature that patients with mental disorders physical health status should be improved.In order to improve the physical health of people with mental disorders, their lifestyle habits should be evaluated, and psychosocial interventions used to effect behavioral changes.

This exploratory mixed method research aimed to develop parent and child forms of a scale to measure parents’ practices to reward and punish their children. For the qualitative strand, semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (n = 54) and their children (n = 39). The qualitative analysis revealed four major themes regarding parental rewarding practices (material rewards, activity-based rewards, permission, and verbal and emotional rewards) and three major themes regarding parental punishment practices (response cost, verbal and emotional punishment, and corporal punishment), which were used to develop two sets of prospective items. At the quantitative strand, EFA and CFA analysis were performed using data obtained from a total of 701 parents and 620 children to test the psychometric properties. As a result of the research, both Parent (PRPS-P) and Child (PRPS-C) forms of Parental Reward and Punishment Scale (PRPS) were developed for use at the K-12 level with favorable psychometric properties.

Yapılan araştırmalar dizi-filmlerin lise öğrencileri üzerinde önemli etkilerinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte dizi-filmlerin lise öğrencilerinin rol model alma davranışı üzerindeki etkisini inceleyen sınırlı sayıda araştırma mevcuttur. Bu nitel araştırmanın amacı lise öğrencilerinin dizi-film karakterleri hakkındaki düşüncelerini derinlemesine inceleyerek bu karakterlerinin rol model alma davranışları üzerindeki etkilerinin keşfedilmesidir. Siirt ilinde üç farklı liseden 30 öğrenciyle yapılan nitel görüşmelerin içerik analizi sonucunda lise öğrencilerinin dizi-film karakterlerini şu ana temalar çerçevesinde rol model aldıkları görüldü: “Konuşma tarzı”, “Fiziksel görünüm ve kıyafet”, “Motivasyon sağlama”, “Kişiler arası ilişkiler” ve son olarak “Kariyer edinme”. Sonuç olarak, lise öğrencilerinin takip ettikleri dizi-filmlerdeki karakterlerin birçok özelliğini örnek alarak onlar gibi davranmaya çalıştıkları görüldü. Elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde çeşitli öneriler sunuldu.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin üniversiteye giriş sınavı günü yaşadıkları korkuları ve anne-babalarının çocuklarını rahatlatmak söyledikleri sözlerin neler olduğunu keşfetmektir. Malatya ilinde farklı liselerde okuyan 62 son sınıf öğrencisinden elde edilen nitel verilerin içerik analizi sonucunda, öğrencilerin sınav gününe dair en büyük korkularının: “yüksek kaygı ve fizyolojik ihtiyaçlar”, “sınava geç kalma ya da girememe”, “sevdiklerinin başına kötü bir şey gelmesi” ve “sınavın kötü geçmesi” olduğu görülmüştür. Anne-babaların, sınav günü çocuklarını rahatlatmak için: “sana inanıyorum, yapabilirsin”, “rahat ol, stres yapma”, “dünyanın sonu değil, olmadı bir daha denersin”, “elinden gelenin en iyisini yapmaya çalış” şeklinde sözler kullandıkları görülmüştür. Anne-babaların kullandıkları bu sözlerin, öğrencilerin büyük bir kısmını olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular ışığında anne-babalara, okul psikolojik danışmanlarına ve diğer uygulamacılara çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Approximately 300,000 people change provinces in Turkey every year due to relocation for employment. Among them are school-age children who need to change schools due to the relocation of their parents. This qualitative research aims to understand what students, who have to change schools due to the relocation of their parents to another city, experience in the process of school adaptation. All participants had to change schools at least once due to relocation for the employment of their parents. As a result of the thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews with 25 participants between the ages of 11 and 18, the following five main themes were identified: "Receiving news of the employment relocation," "Effects on academic success," "Influences on friendships," "Sources of support," and "Suggestions to novices." Within the framework of the findings obtained, practical recommendations are presented to professionals who provide psychological assistance services on this subject.

Bu araştırmanın amacı keşfedici karma deseni kullanarak lise öğrencilerinin okuldaki popülerlik algılarının düzeylerini belirleyen geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Bu araştırma nitel ve nicel olmak üzere iki aşamada gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın nitel aşamasında 48 lise öğrencisi ile liselerdeki popüler öğrencilerin özellikleri üzerine yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapıldı. Bu görüşmeler sonrasında öğrenci popülerlik algılarına ilişkin altı ana tema (arkadaşlık ilişkileri, öğretmenlerle ilişkiler, özgüven, kıyafet ve moda, fiziksel çekicilik, spor ve sanatsal etkinlikler) belirlendi ve bu temalar çerçevesinde ölçek maddeleri hazırlandı. Araştırmanın nicel aşamasında ilk olarak hazırlanan ölçek maddeleri 282 lise öğrencisine uygulanarak Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA), ardından 148 kişiden oluşan farklı lise öğrencisine uygulanarak Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapıldı. Daha sonra geliştirilen Öğrenci Popülerlik Algısı (ÖPAÖ) ile yaşam doyumu, yalnızlık ve benlik saygısı arasındaki korelasyon kanıtları birleşme-ayrılma (convergent-divergent lidity) geçerliği için kullanıldı. Sonuç olarak nitel aşamada keşfedilen boyutların nicel aşamada doğrulandığı ve bu boyutların ölçek maddeleri üzerinden evrene genellenebileceği görüldü.

Perceptions about tattoos have recently undergone a fast change and now they are considered as a popular means of self-expression, especially among adolescents and young adults. In the present qualitative study, it is aimed to understand this change by deeply exploring the decision-making processes about having tattoos, the reasons for having tattoos, and the experiences after having tattoos among university students. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 university students (12 females and 12 males) aged between 18 and 24 years from eight different cities in Turkey. As a result of the thematic analysis, ten sub-themes emerged under three major themes (i.e. "Deciding on having a tattoo", "Reasons for having a tattoo", and "Experiences after the tattoo"). Practical suggestions were given to practitioners within the framework of the findings.

Objective The primary purpose of this qualitative study was to develop a detailed understanding and an insight into the experiences and roles of illiterate mothers on the educational experiences of their daughters from the perspective of both mothers and the daughters in Turkey. Background Although there are various studies about the effects of mothers on their children, there is not a large body of research examining the experiences of illiterate mothers' daughters and how they perceive these experiences. Method To this end, 21 illiterate mothers and their 21 daughters were interviewed. As a result of the thematic analyses of these interviews, four major themes emerged based on in vivo codes: “Mother, let me change,” “Mother, I will not leave you,” “My daughter, I wish I could do better,” and “My daughter should be educated, and not be like me.” It was understood that participating mothers made sacrifices for their daughters to attend school despite some conflicts and insufficiencies. Expecting their daughters not to be dependent on their husbands and to stand on their own feet in the future was the greatest aspiration of participating illiterate mothers. Conclusion This study shows that illiterate mothers are at the forefront of a difficult struggle to change social beliefs and expectations that prevent women from obtaining education. Implications Illiteracy is at the heart of the problem that some mothers face. An effective policy would be to open literacy centers in areas where women's literacy rates are low. Because these mothers are illiterate, recruiting them to programs should be done in ways that do not include written advertisement. Courses based on human rights, and on women's and children's rights, should be included in the curriculum at schools, offering examples of their implementation and achievements.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine effects of early marriage on sexual function and partner compliance of the couples and to research the childhood trauma caused in women who were forced to marry or have married early. Methods: Women who have been referred to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, including 50 women who had married before the age of 18 and 50 women who had married after that age were included into our study during the first six month of their pregnancy. Sociodemographic data Form, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale were applied to all participants. Results: In the sociodemographic data form, it was detected that those who have married before the age of 18 tend to have a lower education level (3.02 years), generally live in rural areas, have seven or more siblings have married a relative. In early marriage, exposure to physical and sexual violence by the husband during the first years of marriage were found as 36% and 32%, respectively. In those who had married after the age of 18, these rates were reported as 4% and 5%, respectively. When Arizona Sexual Experience Scale scores were assessed, sexual desire (p=0.012), sexual arousal (p=0.034) and total scores (p=0.048) were found higher in the early married group than those who have married after 18 years. In CTQ, emotional abuse (p=0.04) subscale scores were significantly higher in the early married group. CTQ scale scores were compared by cut-off score (7 points) and physical negligence (p=0.035) was found significantly higher in early married women. The most common trauma type was determined as physical negligence (76%). For partner compliance, Emotional Expression Size (p=0.015) and Peer-to-Peer Association Size (p=0.003) subscales revealed significantly lower scores in the early married individuals than those married after the age of 18. Conclusion: Women who get married under the age of 18 experience sexual dysfunction more often. Women who marry early experience more physical neglect and emotional abuse before marriage comparing to women who married later than age of 18. Women who married early have lower scores for Affectional Expression (degree to which respondent agrees with partner regarding emotional affection) and Dyadic Cohesion (degree to which respondent and partner participate in activities together) for dyadic adjustment and cannot get along with their spouses in terms of discussing maturely, doing activities together, exchange of ideas, type of loving.