With a newly developed automated sample-reagent loader, for use with a GeMSAEC Fast Analyzer, a 15-place GeMSAEC transfer disk can be automatically loaded with reagent and samples in 3.25 min; manual loading methods required 15 min. The resulting precision and accuracy is equal to or better than that for manual methods of loading. Sample carryover of the system was decreased, and is about 1%.

Sample analysis rate for a GeMSAEC Fast Analyzer is directly proportional to the number of sample cuvets contained in each rotor. GeMSAEC Fast Analyzers are available having either 15-, 16-, or 30-place rotors. To increase the sample analysis rate, an advanced GeMSAEC Fast Analyzer has been designed and fabricated that uses a 42-place rotor. The 42-place rotor, in orderto accommodate the increased numberof cuvets, is a modified enlarge. mentofthe previously described 15-place rotor [N. G. Anderson, Science 166, 317(1969)]. The hardware of the 42-place system is fully compatible with the existing GeMSAEC computer module, and existing software used in the 15place system has been modified for use with the 42-place system. Results obtained for various chemical and enzymatic analyses are discussed.

Sample analysis rate for a GeMSAECFastAnalyzer is directly proportional to the number of sample cuvets contained in each rotor. GeMSAECFast Analyzers are available having either 15-,16-,or 30-placerotors. To increase the sample analysis rate, an advanced GeMSAECFast Analyzer has been designed and fabricated that uses a 42-place rotor. The 42-placerotor, in orderto accommodate the increased numberof cuvets, is a modified enlarge. mentofthe previously described 15-placerotor (N. G. Anderson, Science 166, 317(1969)).The hardware of the 42-placesystem is fully compatible with the existing GeMSAECcomputer module, and existing software used in the 15- place system has been modified for use with the 42-placesystem. Results obtained for various chemical and enzymatic analyses are discussed. Additional Keyphrases rapid clinical analyses #{149} dedicated computer FOCAL programs . precision #{149}accuracy #{149} low sample volume . low reagent costs

Over 300 compounds have been reported in human urine (1-4). These include inorganic compounds, organic acids, sugars, amino acids, purines and related compounds, enzymes, hormones, vitamins and their metabolites, estrogens, and many other organic compounds. The quantities of these constituents found in individual urine samples represent a wealth of information that can be used to evaluate body functions. Such quantitative data have been collected on a limited basis for many years and, as a result, many molecular constituents have been shown to have pathological significance. For example, a high uric acid content is associated with gout(5) and some leukemias (6); a high urocanic acid content is sometimes found in conjunction with asthma(7); large amounts of phenolic and indole amines appear to be excreted by schizophrenics(8), etc. The Molecular Anatomy (MAN) program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(9) is concerned with the description, at the molecular level, of the structure and organization of cells and tissue. One of the aims of this program is to develop high-resolution, automated systems for the analysis of low-molecular-weight substances found either free in cells or as constituents of macro molecules. A logical extension of this work is the further development of such analytical systems for use with human body fluids. This laboratory is now developing an automatic, high resolution analytical system for quantitatively determining the molecular constituents of human urine. The approach is to modify and expand the capabilities of an existing nucleotide analyzer (10) for use as a urine analyzer. Initial results indicate that this concept is feasible; i.e., a high-pressure, high-resolution modification of the nucleotide analyzer has resolved over 100 chromatographic peaks of ultraviolet-absorbing constituents from a 2-ml urine sample. Twelve of these peaks have been tentatively identified.