ALS boresight calibration has relied for two decades on dedicated flight patterns over structured scenes containing planar surfaces of varied aspect and slope. While reliable, this approach imposes constraints on the scene content and operations, which limits its applicability to boresight recovery within routine mapping missions. We present a practical approach that substantially relaxes these requirements by replacing plane-based constraints with scene-agnostic point-to-point correspondences extracted automatically from overlapping ALS strips. Two complementary formulations are proposed to estimate boresight with laser vector observations: (i) a simpler parametric adjustment utilizing INS/GNSS trajectory; (ii) a rigorous formulation treating GNSS and raw inertial data within an existing factor-graph, i.e. a dynamic network, where boresight is added as an additional parameter. Both formulations are evaluated across four operational ALS flights equipped with five inertial systems, covering a wide range of flight altitudes, overlap geometries, terrain types and inertial sensor classes. The analysis draws a clear boundary between the legacy plane-based conditioning that falls short outside the calibration scenario and the proposed formulations, which either recover or absorb boresight effects under conventional mapping geometry. Among them, the lightweight formulation is sufficient for boresight recovery using tactical and navigation grade inertial sensors, while the general factor-graph approach is clearly superior when the inertial sensor errors are less observable within an optimal smoother. This supports the hypothesis that, for INS/GNSS trajectory of sufficient quality, the boresight calibration can be performed without particular scene prerequisites during routine mapping operations using a minimum of 3-4 overlapping strips, with either proposed formulation...

Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that occurs in many cancers, particularly in their advanced stages, decreasing the quality of life and lifespan of patients. One of the hallmarks of cancer-associated cachexia is skeletal muscle wasting. Multiple causes include inflammation, metabolic deregulation, energy utilization, endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Loss of skeletal muscle is characterised by an imbalance in protein homeostasis, with decreased anabolism (regulated by the Akt/GSK3/eIF2α and Akt/mTORC1 pathways) and increased catabolism (regulated by autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system), as well as an impairment in myogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary intervention of β-hydroxybutyrate, the major ketone body produced by ketogenesis, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may mitigate skeletal muscle wasting. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate are able to favourably modulate inflammation, insulin resistance, unfolded protein response and stresses (such as metabolic stress and oxidative stress). A well-adapted nutritional strategy may include a “classic” diet supplemented with β-hydroxybutyrate and polyunsaturated fatty acids to maintain skeletal muscle integrity and reduce wasting.

In the scope of rigorous sensor fusion in kinematic laser scanning, we present a qualitative improvement of an automated retrieval method of lidar-to-lidar 3D correspondences in terms of accuracy and speed, where correspondences are locally refined shifts derived from learning based descriptors matching. These improvements are shared through an open implementation. We evaluate their impact in three, fundamentally different laser scanning scenarios (sensors and platforms) without adaptation: airborne (helicopter), mobile (car) and handheld (without GNSS). The impact of precise correspondences improves the point cloud georeferencing/registration 2 to 10 times with respect to previously described and/or industrial standards, depending on the setup, without adaptation to a particular scenario. This represents a potential to enhance the accuracy and reliability of kinematic laser scanning in different environments, whether satellite positioning is available or not, and irrespectively of the nature of the lidars (i.e. including single-beam linear or oscillating sensors).

En raison de son expansion au cours de l’obésité, le tissu adipeux blanc subit des modifications structurales et fonctionnelles, contribuant à l’élévation du risque de développer un diabète et des maladies cardiovasculaires, et à une mortalité précoce. Cependant, des travaux suggèrent que la qualité nutritionnelle de certains nutriments énergétiques peut moduler la réponse physiologique en situation de balance énergétique positive. En effet, la qualité des acides gras alimentaires peut moduler de nombreuses fonctions biologiques et contribuer à ralentir ou prévenir certaines pathologies. Des études ont mis en évidence l’intérêt des acides gras polyinsaturés oméga-3 pour la santé, en particulier concernant les fonctions du tissu adipeux blanc associées à l’obésité et à ses comorbidités. Cet intérêt est d’autant plus pertinent au vu des modifications des profils des régimes alimentaires en acides gras, qui ont pu contribuer à l’explosion de la prévalence de l’obésité dans les sociétés occidentales. Cet article décrit comment les oméga-3 peuvent influencer l’accumulation et la fonction du tissu adipeux blanc. Pour cela, il s’appuie sur des données observationnelles chez l’homme, des interventions cliniques ou précliniques, ainsi que sur des modèles cellulaires.

As a result of its expansion during obesity, white adipose tissue undergoes structural and functional changes that contribute to an increased risk of developing diabetes or cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Compelling evidence suggests that the quality of some energy nutrients can modulate the physiological response to a positive energy balance. Indeed, the quality of dietary fatty acids can modulate numerous biological functions and slow down or prevent some pathologies. Studies have highlighted the health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly regarding adipose tissue functions during obesity and against related co-morbidities. In connection with changes in the fatty acid profile of diets that may have contributed to the rise in obesity prevalence in Western countries, this article describes how omega-3s can modulate the accumulation and function of the adipose tissue. It was prepared based on human observational data, preclinical and clinical intervention data, and cellular models. (c) 2024 Societe franc,aise de nutrition. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Myosteatosis occurs in response to excess circulating fatty acids and is associated with muscle dysfunction. This study aimed to characterize the sequence of events of lipid-induced toxicity within muscle cells and the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as potential preventive factors. Myosteatosis was induced in C2C12 myotubes exposed to palmitic acid (PAL 500µM). Furthermore, cells were co-incubated with PUFA (α-linolenic acid = ALA, Eicosapentaenoic acid = EPA, Docosahexaenoic acid = DHA; Arachidonic acid = ARA) over a period of 48 h. Cell viability, morphology, and measures of lipid and protein metabolism were assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. We observed that myotube integrity was rapidly and progressively disrupted by PAL treatment after 12 h, ultimately leading to cell death (41.7% cell survival at 48 h, p < .05). Cell death did not occur in cells exposed to PAL+ARA and PAL+DHA. After 6 h of PAL treatment, an accumulation of large lipid droplets was observed within the cell (6 folds, p < .05). This was associated with an increase in ceramides (CER x3 fold change) and diacylglycerol (DAG x150 fold change) contents (p < .05). At the same time, insulin was no longer able to stimulate protein synthesis (p < .05) nor leverage autophagic flux (p < .05). DHA and ARA were able to completely reverse the defect in protein synthesis and partially modulate the accumulation of CER and DAG. These findings present new and intriguing research avenues in the field of muscle metabolism and nutrition, particularly in the context of aging, chronic muscle disorders, and insulin resistance.

TRUEFAD (TRUE Fiber Atrophy Distinction) is a bioimagery user-friendly tool developed to allow consistent and automatic measurement of myotube diameter in vitro, muscle fiber size and type using rodents and human muscle biopsies. This TRUEFAD package was set up to standardize and dynamize muscle research via easy-to-obtain images run on an open-source plugin for FIJI. We showed here both the robustness and the performance of our pipelines to correctly segment muscle cells and fibers. We evaluated our pipeline on real experiment image sets and showed consistent reliability across images and conditions. TRUEFAD development makes possible systematical and rapid screening of substances impacting muscle morphology for helping scientists focus on their hypothesis rather than image analysis.

AIMS:Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease which induces chronic inflammation and increases the risk for sarcopenia and metabolic abnormalities. Nutritional strategies using omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could be proposed to alleviate inflammation and improve the maintenance of lean mass. Independently, pharmacological agents targeting key molecular regulators of the pathology such as TNF alpha could be proposed, but multiple therapies are frequently necessary increasing the risk for toxicity and adverse effects. The aim of the present study was to explore if the combination of an anti-TNF therapy (Etanercept) with dietary supplementation with omega 3 PUFA could prevent pain and metabolic effects of RA.MATERIALS AND METHODS:RA was induced using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats to explore of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid, treatment with etanercept or their association could alleviate symptoms of RA (pain, dysmobility), sarcopenia and metabolic alterations.KEY FINDINGS:We observed that Etanercept had major benefits on pain and RA scoring index. However, DHA could reduce the impact on body composition and metabolic alterations.SIGNIFICANCE:This study revealed for the first time that nutritional supplementation with omega 3 fatty acid could reduce some symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and be an effective preventive treatment in patients who do not need pharmacological therapy, but no sign of synergy with an anti-TNF agent was observed.

Rationale: Myosteatosis is a muscle defect diagnosed by low muscle radiodensity and has been associated with poor patient outcomes in several pathological conditions such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, and auto-immune diseases. While a clear definition has not been set up yet, this alteration is characterized by intramyocellular fat accumulation and adipocyte ectopic infiltration in the muscle. With the current study that we introduce today, we aimed to understand how lipotoxic defects appear in human muscle cells and why polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might be potent molecules that alleviate myosteatosis conditions. Methods: Fully differentiated human myotubes (HM) were challenged by lipotoxicity (Palmitic acid = PAL) alone or in the presence of PUFAs (α-linolenic acid = ALA, Eicosapentaenoic acid = EPA, Docosahexaenoic acid = DHA, Arachidonic acid = ARA). We assessed protein synthesis and degradation pathways as well as the mitochondria network linked to lipid droplet trafficking. We also made a full transcriptomic analysis at the anabolic resistance starting point. Results: From the timeline study that we made, a biphasic response to lipotoxicity is happening in HM. During the first part, lipid droplets accumulate within the cell in a rapid steady fashion while the mitochondria network is still well organized and the anabolic response is still functioning correctly. After a few hours, the mitochondria network fragmentation matches with the anabolic resistance starting point and a drastic change in transcriptomic signature which was normalized by PUFAs. Image: Conclusion: Lipotoxicity and anabolic resistance could be linked to metabolic disorders which are highly prevalent in chronic clinical conditions. Understanding the underlying fundamental mechanisms initiating these defects will open a new field of research for nutrition in all major metabolism disorders. Disclosure of Interest: None declared

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease which induces chronic inflammation and increases the risk for sarcopenia and metabolic abnormalities. Nutritional strategies using omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could be proposed to alleviate inflammation and improve the maintenance of lean mass. Independently, pharmacological agents targeting key molecular regulator of the pathology such as TNF alpha could be proposed, but multiple therapies are frequently necessary increasing the risk for toxicity and adverse effects. The aim of the present study was to explore if the combination of an anti-TNF therapy (Etanercept) with dietary supplementation with omega 3 PUFA could prevent pain and metabolic effects of experimental RA induced by collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. We observed that Etanercept had major benefits on pain and RA scoring index. However, DHA could reduce the impact on body composition and metabolic alterations. This study revealed for the first time that nutritional supplementation with omega 3 fatty acid could reduce some symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and be an effective preventive treatment in patient who do not need pharmacological therapy.

With the objective of improving the registration of lidar point clouds produced by kinematic scanning systems, we propose a novel trajectory adjustment procedure that leverages on the automated extraction of selected reliable 3D point–to–point correspondences between overlapping point clouds and their joint integration (adjustment) together with raw inertial and GNSS observations. This is performed in a tightly coupled fashion using a dynamic network approach that results in an optimally compensated trajectory through modeling of errors at the sensor, rather than the trajectory, level. The 3D correspondences are formulated as static conditions within the dynamic network and the registered point cloud is generated with significantly higher accuracy based on the corrected trajectory and possibly other parameters determined within the adjustment. We first describe the method for selecting correspondences and how they are inserted into the dynamic network via new observation model while providing an open-source implementation of the solver employed in this work. We then describe the experiments conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed framework in practical airborne laser scanning scenarios with low-cost MEMS inertial sensors. In the conducted experiments, the method proposed to establish 3D correspondences is effective in determining point–to–point matches across a wide range of geometries such as trees, buildings and cars. Our results demonstrate that the method improves the point cloud registration accuracy (∼5× in nominal and ∼10× in emulated GNSS outage conditions within the studied cases), which is otherwise strongly affected by errors in the determined platform attitude or position, and possibly determine unknown boresight angles. The proposed methods remain effective even if only a fraction (∼0.1%) of the total number of established 3D correspondences are considered in the adjustment.