The conduct of underwater astronomy is an important scientific investigation and procedure. Underwater astronomy observations require the provisioning of power to operate underwater telescopes. The observation should be done while enhancing the angular resolution and not constituting an extra load on the grid. Underwater astronomy uses underwater telescopes that are needed to ubiquitously detect neutrinos. The research proposes a novel light interception approach for the generation of electricity in the deep underwater environment. The proposed energy utilizes bio-engineered bioluminescence to realize electrical energy for underwater telescope operation. The use of the proposed energy source enables underwater telescopes to be located at different underwater locations with significant capacity to enhance the baseline. The use of the proposed approach for powering underwater telescopes enhances the observation i.e., angular resolution by an average of (34.8 – 47.8)%.

Computing systems play a significant role in data storage and processing. They enable the execution of data processing in data intensive domains such as astronomy. Therefore, having access to computing platforms is important for capital constrained astronomy organizations (CCAOs). The CCAOs need computing facilities to process the data acquired from an increasing number of telescopes. It is important to ensure that CCAOs execute the required computing at low cost. The research proposes the astronomy computing diversity paradigm to address this challenge for the CCAO. The proposed astronomy computing diversity paradigm uses disaggregated servers to design Class A and Class B data centres. The low–cost computing is realized by reducing computing platform operational costs. In the proposed solution, the Class A data centre uses unutilized telephony infrastructure intended for telephony. The Class B data centre is hosted in aquaria arrays. The Class B data centre reduces the cooling costs by using water in big aquaria. The performance evaluation is done focusing on the power usage effectiveness (PUE) and the angular resolution. Results show that using the aquaria-based data centre enhances the PUE and angular resolution by 22.3

Underwater data centers (UDCs) use the ocean’s cold-water resources for free cooling and have low cooling costs. However, UDC cooling is affected by marine heat waves, and underwater seismic events thereby affecting UDC functioning continuity. Though feasible, the use of reservoirs for UDC cooling is non–scalable due to the high computing overhead, and inability to support continuity for long duration marine heat waves. The presented research proposes a mobile UDC (capable of migration) to address this challenge. The proposed UDC migrates from high underwater ground displacement ocean regions to regions having no or small underwater ground displacement. It supports multiple client underwater applications without requiring clients to develop, deploy, and launch own UDCs. The manner of resource utilization is influenced by the client’s service level agreement. Hence, the proposed UDC provides resilient services to the clients and the requiring applications. Analysis shows that using the mobile UDC instead of the existing reservoir UDC approach enhances the operational duration and power usage effectiveness by 8.9–48.5% and 55.6–70.7% on average, respectively. In addition, the overhead is reduced by an average of 95.8–99.4%.

The power output of solar farms is affected by meteorological factors such as cloud formation and cloud height. Cloud height influences the incident solar radiation because of the occlusion of incident solar radiation. It is important to be able to classify a solar farm site as having either maximum cloud occlusion or minimum cloud occlusion. This is important to determine the suitability of a site for hosting solar farms. In addition, the classification is important to determine tracker operation in tracker-enabled solar farm systems. The proposed research presents a sensor network integrated with a renewable solar energy power system. The sensor network comprises a ceilometer, photometer, and a test solar panel. In the proposed system, solar panels are connected to an IEEE 802.11 unlicensed network to enable the receipt of data for solar panel configuration. The proposed research presents how tracker enabled solar panel response to the sensor network-based data-driven inferences with benefits resulting in shorter tracker duration and reduced tracker related energy consumption. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed mechanism enhances energy output by 54%- 63% on average. Evaluation also shows that the overhead power consumption is reduced by 49%-63% on average.

Mobile devices play a key role in developing mental health focused applications for individuals. The presented research proposes using mobile devices to limit the occurrence of depression in disabled individuals. It proposes a novel two stage solution that limits depression in disabled subscribers. The solution is integrated in a headband. Disabled subscribers have been considered because of their limited ability (or inability) to demonstrate motor skills enabling them to avoid trauma triggering scenarios. The research also examines how the proposed mechanism influences an individual’s identity. This is because existing solution utilize an invasive approach while the proposed solution is non-invasive. Analysis shows that the proposed mechanism preserves individual identity by 74.2

Stratosphere computing platforms (SCPs) benefit from free cooling but face challenges necessitating transmission control protocol (TCP) re-design. The redesign should be considered due to stratospheric gravity waves (SGWs), and sudden stratospheric warming (SSWs). SGWs, and SSWs disturb the wireless channel during SCPs packet communications. SCP packet transmission can be done using existing TCP variants at the expense of high packet loss as existing TCP variants do not consider SGWs, and SSWs. TCP variants designed for satellite links are not suitable as they do not explicitly consider the SSW, and SGW. Moreover, the use of SCPs in future internet is at a nascent stage. The presented research proposes a new TCP variant i.e., TCP Stratos. TCP Stratos incorporates a parameter transfer mechanism and comprises loss-based; and delay-based components. However, its window evolution considers the occurrence of SSWs, and SGWs. The performance benefit of the proposed approach is evaluated via MATLAB numerical simulation. MATLAB simulation has been used because of the consideration of the stratosphere. The modelling of the stratosphere in this case is challenging for conventional tools and frameworks. Performance evaluation shows that using TCP Stratos instead of existing TCP variants and improved TCP variants reduces the packet loss rate by an average of (7.1–23.1) % and (3.8–12.8) %, respectively. The throughput is enhanced by an average of (20.5–53)%, and (40.9–70)% when TCP Stratos is used instead of existing TCP variant and modified TCP variant, respectively.

Multi-media content rendering is an important computing intensive task required for multi-media content generation. The content rendering is executed aboard ground based data centres. The operation of terrestrial data centres is inefficient when a significant amount of power is expended on cooling alongside a high-water footprint (WF). This results in a high-power usage effectiveness (PUE). The high PUE, and WF can be reduced via the use of alternative freely cooled data centre such as the underwater data centre. The research proposes render workload migration strategy enabling an underwater data centre to execute the render workload. Furthermore, the underwater data centre hosts mini - nuclear reactors that enhance its power accessibility instead of only relying on highly variable renewable energy resources in the underwater environment. Performance evaluation shows that the use of the PUE, and accessible power is improved by proposed approach by an average of 26.5%, and 63.8%, respectively.

Organ failure in biological systems is perceived as a physiological failure which is addressable via organ transplantation. Transplantation is challenging when donor organs are not easily available. Therefore, the development of a perspective capable of yielding potential therapies is required. The presented research addresses this problem and considers the biological system’s poly-computing capability. The proposed solution considers that the organs are biological computing nodes. It considers that organ failure arises when biological computing nodes don’t perform their expected function. The proposed approaches are the micro-brain and macro-brain consciousness paradigm (MMCP) and evolutionary consciousness paradigm (ECP). MMCP and ECP describe aspects concerning the relations, synaptic evolution, communication, and adaptation to handle multi-sensory inputs. The research describes how MMCP and ECP influence technology and application development. Furthermore, performance evaluation is done to investigate the operational duration of the concerned biological entities. Analysis shows that using the proposed approach enhances the operational duration by an average of (25.2–54.1)

The occurrence of seismic activity in regions that are previously considered to have a low seismic profile raises challenges to obtaining continuous energy output. In this case, the continuous energy output is that associated with renewable wind turbines and renewable solar power systems. The occurrence of seismic activity with low to moderate ground displacement is recognized to be a threat to the energy output from renewable energy systems. The research being presented in this paper addresses this challenge and proposes the incorporation of mobility in wind turbines and components of solar power systems. The mobility feature enables the components to be capable of changing location in response to harmful variation in the ground displacement in the surrounding region. Performance evaluation via simulation shows that the proposed mechanism enhances the solar power system and wind power system power output by an average of 49.3%, and 63.1%, respectively.

The proliferation of computing solutions in future communication networks leads to the occurrence of cognitive visual overstimulation (CVO). CVO occurrence arises in multimedia content editing and provisioning of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. The presented research proposes a high-altitude platform-based architecture that enable multimedia content editing related to space themes, and insertion in the edge of space i.e., the stratosphere (space horizon) environment. The use of the proposed architecture in content editing and STEM education contexts reduces the CVO by an average of (22–84.1) % and (13.6–31.7) %, respectively. Investigations show that the proposed architecture reduces the latency by an average of 30.3%, and 49.4% considering individual, and multiple content access, respectively. The use of the proposed architecture also reduces the power consumption associated with multimedia content editing by (8.05–42.9) % on average.

Future communication networks use computing platforms i.e., data centers for enabling content access. The operation of data centers is evolving to meet new requirements such as reducing the operating cost. The use of data centers is recognized to have significant challenges due to high operating costs. The high operating costs arises due to the necessity of data center cooling. The cooling costs can be reduced by siting data centers in the underwater environment. In the underwater environment, data centers are cooled by freely available cold water. However, siting data centers in the underwater environment exposes them to risk from other underwater applications. The use of underwater data centers is susceptible to service loss due to the launch of missiles from submarines in defense applications. Underwater data centers are susceptible to service loss from the launch of missiles from submarines. Hence, it is necessary to design a network architecture that ensures continued service delivery when nuclear attacks occur. The presented research proposes a novel network architecture enabling service continuity in the underwater data center. The proposed architecture incorporates resiliency and comprises terrestrial and non–terrestrial data centers. The proposed network architecture incorporates redundancy and utilizes terrestrial and non-terrestrial data centers. In addition, the research presents a protocol enabling co-existence between underwater data centers and missile launching submarines used in defence applications. The research formulates and evaluates the operational duration, number of packets forwarding paths, and computing resource utilization as the metrics. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed network architecture improves the operational duration and computing resource utilization by an average of (27.7–71.5)% and (23.5–44.2)%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed network architecture enables the realization of more resilient paths. The use of more resilient paths enhances packet transmission. Evaluation shows that the proposed network architecture enhances the number of resilient packets forwarding paths by (18.2–57.4)% on average.

Multimedia content access sovereignty arises due to the intention of producers to enable subscribers from pre–defined regions access multimedia content. This limits the number of locations (with subscribers) that can access producer content. Therefore, the ability to access multimedia content across previously unconsidered locations is limited. The presented research addresses this challenge and focuses on multimedia content sharing among subscribers in arid and hyper–arid regions. The use of stratosphere based data centres (SBDCs) is proposed. The paper also presents multi–tier network architecture for network traffic management. This ensures that network traffic congestion does not limit access to multimedia content by subscribers across multiple regions. The use of SBDCs increases the number of locations that engage in the sharing of multimedia content. Evaluation shows that the proposed solution increases the number of data sharing locations by (75.8 – 88.2) % on average.

The stratosphere is an aeronautical resource whose use is of benefit to the government in delivering aviation services. It also provides a freely cooling environment making it suitable for hosting non-terrestrial data centers. However, the development of a framework enabling the utilization of the stratosphere requires further research attention. The research presents a multientity architecture that describes the role of a stratosphere-bound airport that supports the deployment and use of future stratosphere-based data centers. The solution being presented is intended to increase the operational duration of future deployed stratosphere-based data centers. The focus here is on enhancing the operational duration of the stratosphere-based data center. This is important for its role in future networks. Analysis shows that the proposed solution improved the operational duration by at least 33% and by up to 76% on average.

Asymmetricity in user subscription aboard social media platforms leads to a case where emerging social media platforms have more users than existing and established social media platforms. This leads to a scenario where the computing capacity aboard the data centers of established social media platforms is unutilized or underutilized. In addition, emerging social media platforms are often capital constrained and require access to computing resources to host and execute user profiles. The presented research proposes a network architecture that enables emerging social media platforms to make use of the idle computing resources of established social media platforms. The power usage effectiveness and computing resource utilization are enhanced by 31.2% and (32.8-50.5)% on average, respectively.

It is important to increase the number of young persons in technology-oriented careers and disciplines. This is also applicable to the domain of astronomy and space sciences. The existing approach to realizing the intended student stimulation targets young high school leavers and is organized by science voluntary organizations. Such an approach does not consider targeting individuals who are at the point of becoming future engineers. An example of individuals in this group are students in Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering. The existing approach does not stimulate the interests of undergraduate and postgraduate students in astronomy and space sciences. The presented research recognizes that the Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering discipline holds significant content that can be aligned to stimulate student interest in astronomy and space sciences. However, an approach that integrates this multi-disciplinary perspective is required. This research describes an astronomy-themed engineering curriculum for Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering students (undergraduate and postgraduate). It also describes the details of the proposed curriculum and identifies integration points.

The transition from non-renewable energy sources to green (renewable) energy sources result in challenges that lead to the occurrence of energy gaps at several epochs. Energy gaps occur when the power output from renewable energy sources is insufficient to meet the load demand of retiring non-renewable energy sources. This results in undesirable load-shedding events. The presented research addresses this challenge by proposing new renewable energy sources that have not received sufficient consideration. Two energy sources have been motivated by advances in communication and computing networks in the aspects of underwater data centers and stratosphere-based data centers. The research presents an architecture and mechanism enabling these communication nodes to enable electricity contribution to the grid. Performance evaluation shows that the use of the proposed mechanism reduces the energy gap by at least 1.97% and at most 36.6% on average.

Ice melting in the Arctic enables the conduct of underwater neutrino astronomy in new regions with maritime resources. The presented research proposes a novel underwater network that is integrated with terrestrial computing entities to obtain underwater astronomy-associated data. In addition, the proposed network architecture enhances the conduct of underwater neutrino astronomy. This is done by increasing the potential neutrino presence points. Analysis shows that the use of the arctic region in addition to the existing region of Lake Baikal in comparison to the existing case (where only Lake Baikal is utilized) increases the potential neutrino presence points by an average of (28.3 – 65.7) %.

Space-based data centers (SBDCs) are environment-friendly and do not make use of Earth’s water resources for cooling. The cooling of SBDCs can be realized via using water aboard asteroids. The feasibility of this approach requires further consideration and has not received sufficient research attention. The study being presented investigates the existence of water-bearing asteroids whose water resources can potentially be used for cooling the server payloads aboard the SBDC. This is undertaken by executing multi-criteria search queries on the Asterank asteroid database. Data analysis shows that water can be accessed from asteroids at less than 0.26 AU by privately owned space vehicles designed for Earth-to-Mars missions. In addition, the results of data analysis show that there is a regularity and symmetric pattern among different asteroids. This arises as asteroids with different identities have the same near-Earth distance and upcoming approaches.

Underwater data centers have been recognized to be suitable future computing platforms due to the benefits of low cooling. In addition, underwater computing platforms reduce content access latency for coastal subscribers. The performance of underwater data centers is influenced by different system configuration parameters and different events such as ocean warming that occurs in the underwater environment. In addition, the capabilities of different underwater computing platforms to keep functioning given the occurrence of ocean warming events should also be considered. This challenge can be addressed by defining a tiering system for underwater computing platforms. The presented research proposes a four-tier system for underwater computing platforms. The four-tier system describes the different capabilities and operational contexts of underwater computing platforms enabling their continued functionality in the event of the occurrence of marine heat waves and ocean warming events.

The increasing role of the internet in society and enterprise necessitates that future engineers be trained in aspects enabling continued internet access in different contexts. An important context in this regard is that of training future engineers to be proficient in the aspect of integrating renewable energy technologies into the cloud data center. The cloud data center plays an important role in hosting content and enabling content access. However, this aspect has not received sufficient attention in the design of suitable teaching approaches with a focus on students in Electronics and Computer Engineering. The discussion here addresses this problem and proposes novel approaches to deriving a multi-disciplinary curriculum and conducting interactive content delivery sessions. The multi-disciplinary curriculum is designed using the proposed approach of module descriptive programming. The interactive content delivery session is realized via the proposed approach of the classroom which fuses content on lecturer and student perspectives.