The Fukushima Model of Outpatient Pharmacotherapy for Breast Cancer was developed to improve the pharmacological treatment of patients with breast cancer in the vast region of Fukushima Prefecture. This model addresses the challenges posed by the area's lower-than-average density of breast cancer specialists. In the core medical institutions of the prefecture's most populous municipalities, we introduced a telephone consultation service managed by pharmacists at local dispensing pharmacies. The novelty of the Fukushima model lies in two distinct elements: a structured checklist-style tracking report and comprehensive patient information sheets. This innovative tool streamlines a range of processes, including patient self-assessment of symptomatology associated with treatment-related side effects, subsequent medical interventions, and a standardized protocol for reporting severe side effects to healthcare practitioners. This approach facilitates the safe administration of breast cancer pharmacotherapy in home settings. In the future, this model could be used beyond Japan to underserved regions globally, thereby increasing the standard of breast cancer care on a wider scale.

Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis(ISCM)is rare. However, with advances in diagnostic imaging, the incidence of ISCM is increasing. We herein present a case of breast cancer metastasis in the lower thoracic spinal intramedullary area in a patient who was then successfully treated with emergency radiotherapy. A 56‒year‒old woman with breast cancer was admitted to our hospital due to rapidly progressing weakness in both legs and bladder and rectal disturbance. Spinal MRI revealed a gadolinium‒enhancing intramedullary lesion. The patient was treated with emergency radiotherapy and oral steroids. Although the prognosis of ISCM is extremely poor, emergency radiotherapy could be an effective treatment for ISCM to improve the patient's quality of life(QOL).

A 53-year-old woman visited the hospital of this study complaining of constipation. Colonoscopy revealed a circumferential tumor with severe stenosis, and a computed tomography scan showed neoplastic lesions in the rectum and right breast area. Histology was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, requiring differentiation between type 4 and metastatic rectal cancer. Additional immunohistochemical tests were performed and a rectal metastasis of breast cancer diagnosis was made. Hormonal therapy was effective and the tumor volume was significantly reduced. Rectal metastasis of breast cancer is said to be rare. However, in the case of patients diagnosed with breast cancer or with a history of breast cancer, considering the possibility of gastrointestinal metastasis using histopathological examination is important.

firm adhesions of the spleen and hernia orifice. The proce-dure was converted to hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS), and the adhesions were safely dis-sected. The protruding organ was reduced, and the hernia orifice was closed by suturing. The patient’s sister, who was an identical twin, had a BH as a newborn that was surgically repaired. This case of HALS repair of an adult BH in a patient with a family history of BH is reported.

Distant metastasis to the skull base region frequently manifests various cranial nerve symptoms and reduces patients' quality of life(QOL). We report a 62-year-old woman with skull base metastasis of breast cancer, whose condition clinically improved following palliative radiotherapy. The patient presented to our hospital with hoarseness. CT screening revealed a tumor in the right breast, axial lymph node swelling, and osteoblastic change at multiple sites. A core needle biopsy of the breast tumor revealed invasive lobular carcinoma. She also had nausea, anorexia, vertigo, lower left angle of the mouth, apraxia of lid closing, and dysphagia owing to several cranial nerve palsies. MRI T1- and T2-weighted images showed a diffuse low-signal intensity of the skull base region, and the patient was diagnosed as having breast cancer with symptomatic skull base metastases. Her cranial nerve symptoms improved after 1 week of palliative irradiation to the skull base. We conclude that, even among terminal-stage patients, palliative radiotherapy to the skull base region is an effective treatment option to improve patients' QOL.

Radiotherapy has been found to be valuable for the control and eradication of local foci in various malignant tumors. The abscopal effect is determined as a systemic antitumor response at a distance from the irradiation site invoked by local irradiation. We herein present an extremely rare case of breast cancer in a 64-year-old woman, in whom the abscopal effect was observed after radiotherapy induced an antitumor response in all metastatic lesions, without any combination therapy. The patient was admitted to our hospital complaining of a breast mass and pain at the left hip, and was diagnosed with breast cancer with multiple bone, lung and lymph node metastases. She received treatment with local radiotherapy delivered to the breast tumor and some of the bone metastases but did not receive chemotherapy due to her poor performance status. However, 10 months after radiotherapy, spontaneous regression was observed, not only within the irradiated field, but also in the non-irradiated areas. All signs of cancer throughout the body disappeared, and the patient's performance status drastically improved. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of advanced breast cancer cases in which the abscopal effect was observed after radiation monotherapy; therefore, this case report is extremely rare and highly valuable.

乳癌の転移性甲状腺腫瘍は稀とされ，当院耳鼻咽喉科でも甲状腺腫瘍手術例723例のうち1例のみであった。52歳女性，増大する前頸部腫脹で当科を受診した。甲状腺左葉に最大径110mm台の囊胞性腫瘤を認め，穿刺吸引細胞診にて甲状腺以外の上皮系悪性腫瘍の転移との診断であった。同時期に左乳房腫瘤を自覚し，当院外科にて乳癌の診断となった。FDG-PET検査で全身多発性転移を認め，化学療法を行う方針となったが，副作用の出血が腫瘍内で起きると気道狭窄の危険性があり，甲状腺腫瘍は摘出することとし，術後病理組織診断で乳癌の甲状腺転移と確定診断した。他臓器悪性腫瘍を合併している場合は転移性甲状腺腫瘍も念頭に置いて診療する必要があると思われた。

INTRODUCTION: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the extrahepatic bile ducts are extremely rare neoplasms arising from endocrine cells and have variable malignant potential. They most commonly occur in young females and usually present with painless jaundice.PRESENTATION OF CASE: Here we present the case of an asymptomatic 57-year-old woman with NET of the common bile duct that was incidentally discovered on abdominal ultrasound during a medical examination. She was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of hepatic hilar tumor. Computed tomography revealed the tumor surrounding the hepatic hilum and duodenum. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a filling defect of the common bile duct with morphology suggestive of external compression. Endoscopic ultrasound confirmed a submucosal tumor of the duodenal bulb measuring 30 20 mm in size. The patient qualified for surgery with a preoperative diagnosis of submucosal tumor of the duodenal bulb. Intraoperative examination revealed that the tumor location involved the common bile duct and/or cystic duct with no signs of invasion to other organs or metastatic lymph nodes. Excision of the biliary ducts and tumor was followed by Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Histological results showed NET grade 1DISCUSSION: Preoperative diagnosis of NETs is difficult because of their rarity. A definitive diagnosis is usually established intraoperatively or after histopathological evaluation.CONCLUSION: For these tumors, surgical resection is currently the only treatment modality for achieving a potentially curative effect and prolonged disease-free survival. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd.

We report a case of perianal squamous cell carcinoma and left inguinal lymph node metastasis that showed a complete response more than 5 years after chemotherapy and concomitant proton beam therapy. A 34-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for an anal tumor and a left inguinal tumor. A digital rectal examination revealed a tumor in the anterior wall of the anal canal. In addition, the left inguinal lymph nodes were swollen, leading us to suspect metastases. Biopsy specimens confirmed poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. We made a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma T4bN2M0, Stage III b. The patient was treated with chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU(700mg/m / 2/day; continuous intravenous administra- tion)on days 1-5, and CDDP(70mg/m / 2/day)on day 1, along with concomitant proton beam therapy. A total of 45 Gy of X-ray irradiation was administered to the primary lesion, pelvis, and groin area. Furthermore, 24.2 Gy of proton beam therapy was administered to the primary lesion, and 28.6 Gy to the left inguinal lymph nodes. The patient tolerated this treatment with no severe adverse effects. The tumor disappeared completely 1 month after this treatment, and biopsy specimens confirmed the absence of any viable cancer cells. The patient has been alive with no sign of recurrence for 5 years.

良性転移性平滑筋腫（benign metastasizing leiomyoma:BML）は，組織学的に良性の子宮筋腫が多臓器に転移を起こす稀な疾患である．今回われわれは，腹腔内に発生したBMLを腹腔鏡下に切除した1例を経験したので報告する．症例は47歳，閉経前女性．7年前に子宮筋腫にて子宮全摘の既往あり．検診のPET-CT検査にて腹腔内腫瘍を発見され，腹腔鏡下に腫瘍を摘出したところBMLと診断された．組織学的に，以前摘出した子宮筋腫の検体と同一の組織学的所見を認め，核の異型や分裂所見は明らかではなかった．免疫染色は，estrogen receptorとprogesterone receptorが陽性であった．後療法は施行せず，術後42カ月現在，再発所見なく経過している．子宮筋腫の既往を有する患者に非特異的腫瘤を認めた際には本疾患を鑑別の一つに考慮すべきである．

A man in his 50s presented to our hospital for anemia and was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastases. He underwent gastrojejunostomy and received postoperative chemotherapy. Despite stable disease with chemotherapy, he complained of cough and respiratory discomfort and was subsequently admitted with progressive respiratory distress. Pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure developed, and he died of sudden cardiopulmonary arrest 9 days after admission. An autopsy revealed widespread tumor metastasis, and he was diagnosed with pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy(PTTM)associated with gastric cancer. Although PTTM is a rare clinicopathological entity that causes severe pulmonary hypertension, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute dyspnea in patients with carcinoma, regardless of clinical improvement.

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the pancreas is uncommon in the gastrointestinal tract. We present a case of AVM of the pancreatic head in a 59-year-old male. He was admitted to a hospital with hematemesis and tarry stool and referred to our hospital in March 2014 on the diagnosis of pancreatic artery pseudoaneurysm. A computed tomography scan showed the presence of irregular dilated and/or stenotic vessels with meandering in the pancreatic head. Magnetic resonance imaging showed strong enhancement of the conglomeration in the pancreatic head. Selective angiography showed the proliferation of a vascular network in the pancreatic head and an early visualization of the portal vein at the arterial phase. The patient qualified for surgery with a preoperative diagnosis of AVM of the pancreatic head. We performed pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. The histological results confirmed the presence of irregular dilated tortuous arteries and veins in the pancreatic head. Surgical treatment may represent definitive management of symptomatic AVM.

A desmoplastic small round cell tumor(DSRCT)is a very rare malignant tumor that mainly occurs in the intra-abdominal cavity in young adults.This neoplasm has an extremely poor prognosis, with a clinical course characterized by rapid progression and metastasis.We present a 31-year-old man who presented with chief complaints of dysphagia, ataxic gait, and hoarseness.He first underwent surgical resection of a tumor in the medulla oblongata; however, the lesion was suspected to be a metastatic neoplasm.Following a thorough medical examination, the patient was diagnosed with retroperitoneal DSRCT with multiple metastatic lesions.He received multidisciplinary treatment including debulking surgery for the primary lesion; radiotherapy for metastatic lesions in the brain, abdomen, and cervical lymph nodes; hepatic artery embolization for liver metastasis; and systemic chemotherapy.The patient died of progressive disease 17 months after the initial diagnosis.

BACKGROUND:Intrahepatic splenosis (IHS) is the autotransplantation of splenic tissue that mostly develops after abdominal injury and is often misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because of similarities in radiological features. We had an opportunity to treat an extremely rare case of intrahepatic splenosis, which were found in a patient without any history of splenic injury. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case report in the world.CASE REPORT:A 58-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C was referred to our hospital for further examination of liver function abnormality. Abdominal ultrasonography incidentally revealed a low echoic tumor in the posterior segment of the liver, with high echoic capsule, which is possibly different from tumor capsule of HCC, known as halo. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography and gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor had an inhomogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase and diminished enhancement in the equilibrium phase, diagnosed as HCC. The patient underwent right lateral segmentectomy of the liver, and histopathological study confirmed a diagnosis of intrahepatic splenosis.CONCLUSIONS:This case presents a new understanding of IHS in a patient without any splenic injury. We also focused on the differences in echo patterns of the tumor capsule between HCC and IHS, which can be used to efficiently diagnose IHS.