Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, infected most species of warm-blooded animals including humans, birds and most species of mammals. Swamp buffaloes in Songkhla lake were unique since they were recognized as roaming animal rearing system. These animals might have a threat to humans’ health due to their reservoir roles. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infections of swamp buffaloes in Songkhla Lake, Thailand. A total of 95 swamp buffalo sera from 4 locations of SongKhla province were collected and examined for the presence of T. gondii infections by using the commercial latex agglutination test(LAT) kits (TOXOCHECK-MT; Eiken Chemical, Japan). Fourteen out of 95 (14.7%) were found to be positive to T. gondii and Krasaesin district had the highest seroprevalence (25.0%) among 4 districts in this survey. The linkage of original source of T. gondii infections to swamp buffaloes has been concerned and required further investigation to understand its spreading among different hosts in this area. Moreover, the risk to consume raw or undercook buffalo T. gondii infected meat might be the potential source of transmission to human.

Giardia spp. is the intestinal protozoa causing giardiasis in animals and humans. Transmission of the disease occurs via the fecal-oral route between animals to animals and animals to humans. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis , identify the assemblage, and analyze factors associated with its infections of water buffaloes in Northeast Thailand. A total of 567 buffalo fecal samples were collected from northeast provinces including Sakon Nakhon, Buri Ram, Ubon Ratchathani, Roi Et, Si Sa Ket and Surin. Fecal samples underwent zinc sulphate floatation and nested PCR (nPCR) based on the SSU-rRNA gene. The overall prevalence of Giardia duodenalis infections by nPCR was 0.4% (2/567). The positive DNAs were sequenced and compared to reference nucleotide sequences from GenBank. The prevalence of G. duodenalis infections in water buffaloes among six provinces was ranged between 0 to 1.6%. Buri Ram had the highest individual infections (1.6%, 1/62) and the herd prevalence was 0.7% (2/276). Regarding the factors associated with G. duodenalis infections, sex, age, herd size, and geographical landscape (basin) were brought to analysis, but they were not statistically significant.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of deltamethrin (Butox  50) against the housefly (Musca domestica) and darkling beetle (Alphitobius diaperinus) by spraying of 25 and 50 ppm deltamethrin. At 60 minutes after spraying, the mortality rates for the housefly were 86.33 and 94%, respectively. At 24 hours after exposure, the mortality rates increased to 100% in both treated groups. The mortality rates for both treatment groups of the darkling beetle were 100%