A study was conducted to ascertain the feeding value for beef cattle of high-moisture ear corn (HMEC) treated with anhydrous ammonia. The trial was conducted with 36 Hereford steers (mean weight 240 kg) fed treated or untreated HMEC in combination with corn silage (4:1, dry matter basis). High-moisture ear corn containing 63% dry matter (DM) was untreated (control) or treated with cold-flow anhydrous ammonia (1% of fresh weight) and ensiled in tower silos. The control diet was supplemented with isonitrogenus amounts of urea added at feeding time. Steers fed ammonia-treated or urea-supplemented HMEC showed a 46% higher growth rate than those fed the nitrogen-unsupplemented diet. The growth response to ammoniation was 7% higher (P < 0.05) than that to urea addition. Organic matter intake was 10% higher with ammonia addition than with urea supplementation (P < 0.05). Ensiling HMEC with added ammonia resulted in increased protein nitrogen (N) and a reduced level of total free-amino-acid-N. In addition to reduced proteolysis, ammonia treatment improved aerobic stability of HMEC. It is suggested that the response in feed intake to ammoniation of HMEC may be mediated through its effect on aerobic stability and through a possible improvement in protein status of growing steers. Key words: High-moisture ear corn, ammoniation, proteolysis, feed intake, steers

Addition of anhydrous ammonia (approximately 1% of fresh weight) to chopped high-moisture ear corn (35.5% moisture) during ensiling markedly reduced initial populations of Lactobacillus organisms, yeasts, and molds and prevented proliferation of these microorganisms. Quantity of water-soluble carbohydrates preserved (113 days of storage) by ammonia in laboratory silos and in a commercial scale silo was approximately 50% as compared to approximately 15% with controls (no ammonia added). The ammonia-treated ear corn contained considerably less lactic acid and free amino acid nitrogen than did the untreated material. Addition of ammonia to the ear corn also formed relatively large quantities of free alanine.

Sixty samples of human milk, 18 of bovine milk, 15 of reindeer milk, 1 of reindeer meat, and different lichens, all collected in Finland, were analyzed for 90Sr, and 137Cs. Reindeer milk contained the most 90Sr, being 119 pCi per liter. Only 5 samples of human milk had detectable amounts of 90Sr and 4 came from north of Oulu. Human milk from north and south of Oulu contained 114 and 19.7 pCi per liter of 137Cs whereas bovine milk from the same regions contained 125 and 84 pCi per liter of 137Cs. Reindeer milk from Lapland contained 1,647 pCi per liter of 137Cs which is 13 to 14 times more than that of human and bovine milk from the same area. A specimen of dried reindeer meat contained per kilogram, 237 pCi of 90Sr and 76,124 pCi of 137Cs. A sample of lichen, Cladonia species, contained 1,361 pCi of 90Sr and 21,173 pCi of 137Cs per kilogram.

1.1. Casein was prepared from the milks of the following animals: caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), dall sheep (Ovis dalli dalli), fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), moose (Alces alsk-ox (Ovibos moschatus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), polar bear (Thalarctos maritimus), cow (Bos taurus), horse (Equus caballus) and pig (Sus srofa).2.2. The caseins were subjected to polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis (pH 9.6) in gels containing 4 M urea.3.3. The pattern which were obtained are presented and discussed in terms of genetic polymorphism.

A harp seal and her pup were caught on the ice floes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and were kept in captivity for 16 days. Milk was collected from the seal 2, 3, 5, 6, and 16 days postpartum. The gross composition and the fatty acid and mineral constitution of the milk were determined. Both the fat and the protein contents were minimal on the 16th day postpartum. The fatty acid composition of the fat did not follow a definite pattern of change during the lactation period.

Milk was collected from the following animals: caribou, dall sheep, fin whale, harp seal, moose, musk-ox, polar bear, and reindeer. The caseins prepared from these milks were analyzed for their hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid contents. The hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid contents ranged from 0.48 to 4.49, 0.09 to 0.59, and 0.0 to 2.29%, respectively.

Milk was obtained from two polar bears which were caught near Barrow, Alaska, and from one grizzly bear which was caught near Haines Junction, Yukon. The gross composition and the mineral and fatty acid constitution of the polar bear milk were determined. The fatty acid content of the grizzly bear milk was also determined.

Milk was obtained from five muskoxen of an experimental herd maintained at the University of Alaska. The gross composition and mineral and fatty acid constitution of the milk were determined.

Milk was obtained from a snowshoe hare which was caught near Lac Carré, Que., and from another which was caught near Haines Junction, Yukon. The gross composition and the mineral and fatty acid constitution of the milk were determined.

Milk was collected from three moose which were killed near Fairbanks, Alaska. The gross composition and the fatty acid and the mineral constitution of the moose milk were determined.

90Sr and 137Cs were determined in 11 different tissues of the fin whale and 2 different tissues of the harp seal. Muscle tissue in most instances contained more 137Cs than did the other tissues that were examined. The average concentration of 137Cs in whale muscle was 4.5 pCi/g ash and in adult seal muscle was 2.5 pCi/g ash. The highest concentration (3.5 pCi/g ash) of 90Sr was found in whale blubber.

Milk was collected from nine dall sheep which were killed either in the Yukon or the Northwest Territories. The stage of lactation of the animals ranged from 10 days prepartum to 24 weeks postpartum. The gross composition and the fatty acid and the mineral constitution of the dall sheep milk were determined.

Milk was collected from three harp seals which were caught on the ice floes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The gross composition, fatty acid constitution, mineral composition, and pesticide residue content of the milks were determined.

Milk was obtained from a fin whale which was killed in the North Atlantic and from a beluga whale which was killed in Hudson Bay. The gross composition and fatty acid constitution of the milks were determined.

AbstractCooking tests (single pea puncture), phytic acid analyses, water absorption and 45Ca diffusion experiments have been performed on individual peas selected from two samples of field peas (Pisum sativum L.). One sample (Avion brand) was judged by the supplier to have good cooking qualities and the other sample (3CW brand to have poor cooking qualities.The rapid rate of cooking of the interior of the pea, compared with that of the periphaeral region was not associated with a higher phytic acid content. There was no consistent difference between the distribution of 45Ca in Avion and 3CW peas that had been soaked in water containing 45Ca. There was a significant (1 % level) difference between the average loss of solids of Avion and 3CW peas that had been soaked at 25°.Pea plants were injected with 45Ca ind the peas were harvested. Autoradiograms of the radioactive peas demonstrated the movement of calcium in the seed coats and in the cotyledons during cooking.

Milk was obtained from an Arctic wolf which was captured on Axel Heiberg Island, Northwest Territories, in 1961 and held in captivity for 5 years before the collection of the sample, and from two huskies. The gross composition of the milks and the fatty acid constitution of the milk fats were determined.

Milk was obtained from a mountain goat that was killed near Haines Junction, Yukon, and from another that was killed near Taseko Lake, B.C. The gross composition of the milks and the fatty acid constitution of the milk fats were determined.

Milk was collected from the following Arctic or sub-Arctic species: Arctic wolf, husky, fin whale, beluga whale, and mountain goat. The ash obtained from each milk was analyzed for its sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and phosphorus contents.

90Sr and 137Cs were determined in the milks of the following mammals: Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep, mountain goat, caribou, husky, beluga whale, fin whale, polar bear and human (Eskimo). The 90Sr values ranged between 89.8 pCi/g ash for caribou milk to 0.1 pCi/g ash for fin whale milk. The 137Cs concentrations ranged between 510.9 pCi/g ash for the milk of inland Eskimos to 0.9 pCi/g ash for the milk of mountain goat.

Polar bear milk was stored in the frozen state for 2 months. It was then thawed and subjected to low-speed centrifugation. The material (D) which deposited at the bottom of the centrifuge tube and also the casein and whey proteins isolated from the supernate were analyzed by polyacrylamide-gel (without urea) electrophoresis. The precipitate (D) and the casein gave closely similar electrophoretic patterns. However, the precipitate (D) contained less than 20% of the carbohydrate (hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid) content of the casein. Polar bear casein and bovine casein gave similar electropherograms when subjected to polyacrylamide-gel (7 M urea) electrophoretic analysis. Human casein gave eight distinct bands, four of which had higher mobilities than did bovine αs-casein. Starch-gel (2-mercaptoethanol added) electrophoretic analysis indicated that polar bear casein and human casein produced 8 and 13 electrophoretic components respectively.