OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of favipiravir administered to diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients on the QT/QTc interval. STUDY DESIGN:Analytical study. Place and Duration of the Study: Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, State Hospital, Corlu, Tekirdag, Turkiye, from March to September 2021. METHODOLOGY:Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis was performed on all participants (n=180) divided into four groups. Group 1 included only healthy volunteers. Group 2 included only cases diagnosed with T2DM. Group 3 included only severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) cases. Group 4 included cases diagnosed with both SARS and T2DM. Favipiravir was administered only to the cases in Group 3 and Group 4. In the cases that were administered favipiravir, the QT/QTc interval was calculated and recorded at different time intervals on the first and fifth days of the therapy. The difference between groups was determined by Tukeye's test after ANOVA. Pearson's correlation test was used to determine whether there was a linear relationship between two numericals. The alpha significance value was determined to be <0.05 in all statistical analyses. RESULTS:When all groups were compared, it was seen that both QT and QTc values ​​increased in Groups 3 and 4, which were administered favipiravir (p <0.05). Favipiravir may cause an increased risk of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. CONCLUSION:Favipiravir may cause QT interval prolongation, particularly in SARS-Cov-2 patients diagnosed with T2DM. KEY WORDS:COVID-19, Drug-induced long QT syndrome, Intra-infarct haemorrhage; Favipiravir, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between calciferol (vitamin D), cobalamin (vitamin-B12), and Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) circulating levels in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), patients with DM type 2 (T2DM) without neuropathy, and healthy control groups. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Internal Medicine, Namik Kemal University of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey, between November 2020 and February 2022. METHODOLOGY Healthy, age, and gender matched volunteers who were admitted to the hospital for a check-up with no health problem constituted the control group (n=30). Cases diagnosed with T2DM (n=30) and those with DPN (n=30) comprised the experimental group. Stromelysin-1, calciferol, and cobalamin levels were analysed from blood samples from all groups using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a commercial kit. Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test was performed after one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for intergroup comparisons. Alpha significance level was accepted as.

OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to evaluate the current situation of hypoparathyroid patients and to investigate the relationship between treatment adherence and quality of life.STUDY DESIGN:Prospective, multicentre study.METHODS:Adult patients presenting with the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism to 20 different endocrinology clinics were included. They were receiving conventional therapies for hypoparathyroidism, using calcium, active vitamin D, and magnesium. We collected data on demographic features, disease- and treatment-related information, and results of routine laboratory tests, treatment adherence, and presence of complications. Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Short Form-36 quality of life assessments were administered.RESULTS:Among the 300 patients studied, 60.7% were adherent to their treatment, and 34.1% had complications. Anxiety and depression scores were significantly higher in non-adherent versus treatment-adherent patients (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Most of the domains of quality-of-life scores were also significantly lower in non-adherent patients. Both anxiety and depression scores showed significant, negative correlations with serum calcium and magnesium concentrations (r=-0.336, p<0.001 and r=-0.258, p<0.001, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Nearly 40% of the patients were non-adherent to conventional treatment for hypoparathyroidism, and such patients had higher anxiety and depression scores and poorer quality of life scores. Conventional treatment might not be sufficient to meet the needs of patients with hypoparathyroidism. In addition to seeking new therapeutic options, factors influencing quality of life should also be investigated and strategies to improve treatment adherence should be developed.

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Aim:We aimed to evaluate the relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and MPV values in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Materials and Methods:We investigated type 2 diabetic patients’ data retrospectively. The data was divided as two groups (with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy) according to their history, physical examination, laboratory results and electro-physiological study results. The patients with cardiovascular, hematological, oncological, hepatic, renal, infectious disease or a recent history of trauma and surgery were excluded. Statistical analysis was studied by SPSS 21 soft-ware statistics programme.Results:We included 83 diabetic patients (ages between 31 and 76) that 39 of them were patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (25 women, 14 men) and 44(27 women, 17 men) were without neuropathy. While the means of non-neuropathic group for the age was 57,89±8,8(31-75), A1c 7,3%(5,5-12,7), platelet counts 260.800±68,900/mm3, MPV value 8,96±0,67 fl(7,6-10,4); the means of neuropathic group were 56,54±8,4(37-76) years, 8,3 (5,6-14,4)%, 269.050±74.195/mm3 and 9,03 ± 0,75(7,4-10,5) fl respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of age(p=0,482), platelet count(p=0,601), body mass index(p=0,299), MPV(p=0,596) and A1c(p=0,076). But statistically significant differences were found in terms of diabetes age(p=0,002) and fasting plasma glucose(p=0,04). A statistically significant correlation was not found between MPV and neuropathy existence by Spearman correlation analysis(p=0,599).Conclusion:We didn't find any correlation between MPV value and neuropathy development in our study. We suggest that to clarify this relationship certainly, we need a prospective, multi-centered study with a bigger cohort.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for aortic calcifications and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Matrix Gla proteins (MGP) have a significant role in control of the process of calcification. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of MGP G-7A and T-138C gene polymorphisms in development of aortic calcification and CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: The study included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 134 control group. The MGP G-7A and T-138C gene polymorphisms were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Results: The G-7A genotype distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus AA=10.8%, GA=41.7% and GG=47.5% did not significantly differ from those in control group AA=15.7%, GA=48.5% and GG=35.8% (P=0.146). The T-138C genotype distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus CC=8.4%, CT=40.8% and TT=50.8% were also not significantly different from those in control group CC=3.7%, CT=39.6% and TT=56.7% (P=0.259). On the other hand; age, fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as expected were significantly differed between the patient-control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: This patient-control study show that G-7A and T-138C gene polymorphisms of MGP are not genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction Endocan and endoglin have been shown to play a role in angiogenesis. Aberrant excessive angiogenesis is a main factor in the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this study we evaluated endocan and endoglin levels in diabetes patients with and without albuminuria and compared them with healthy subjects. Therefore we aimed at gaining a better understanding of the role of angiogenesis in diabetic nephropathy and to assess the predictive role of endocan and endoglin as markers of diabetic nephropathy progression. Material and methods Ninety-six type 2 diabetes patients were classified according to their 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate. Forty type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion < 30 mg/day), 56 type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic nephropathy (with a urinary albumin excretion ≥ 30 mg/day) and 35 healthy non-diabetic control subjects were included. Their anthropometric features, arterial blood pressures, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, lipids, endocan and endoglin levels were measured and compared to each other. Results Endocan and endoglin levels of diabetics patients were higher than those of the controls. In comparison of endocan and endoglin levels of diabetic nephropathy patients with controls, p-values were < 0.001 and 0.002 respectively. In comparison of normoalbuminuric diabetic patients with controls, p-values were 0.001 and 0.017 respectively. Endocan levels of diabetic nephropathy cases were higher than those of normoalbuminuric patients (p = 0.011) but there was no statistically significant difference in endoglin levels between them (p = 0.822). Conclusions Endocan might be a more reliable marker of diabetic nephropathy development than endoglin.

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Abstract Objective: Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease. All women over the age of 65, all men over the age of 70 and the younger cases having some other risk factors are recommended to be screened for osteoporosis. In this study, we tried to show how much of the cases that were recommended to be screened had already been evaluated by DEXA. Methods: The age, height, weight and osteoporosis risk factors data of 125 cases, who admitted to our endocrinology out-patient clinics between October 2017 and February 2018 and must already been screened, were recorded. The cases were questioned whether their bone mineral density was assessed with DEXA previously. Fracture risk situations were analyzed by means of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) adapted for Turkey. The mean calculated risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures and the frequency of each risk factor were assessed using the SPSS-21 statistical software program. Results: A total of 125 cases (106 female and 19 male) aged between 47 and 85 were evaluated with a mean age of 68. The means of weight and height were 76.08 kg and 155.2 cm respectively, 92% of the patients were non-smokers and any of the cases did not use alcohol regularly. Four cases were on glucocorticoid treatment and six cases were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, 59.2% of cases had a secondary cause (8 cases were on aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer, 1 had hypoparathyroidism, 4 had primary hyperparathyroidism, 15 had premature ovarian failure, 14 cases were thyrotoxic that 5 of them were iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis because of differentiated thyroid carcinoma treatment). While there was a personal history of fractures in 27.2% of cases, the parental fracture history was present in 8% of cases. While the mean 10-year-major osteoporotic fracture risk calculated by the FRAX scoring system was 6.05%(2.5-49), the mean risk of hip fracture was 1.6% (0.2-40). The percentage of those evaluated with DEXA previously despite the current indication for osteoporosis screening was only 55.5%. According to the FRAX calculation system, 24.8% of our cases were in high risk group for fracture, but only 48.4% of these cases were evaluated with DEXA. Conclusion: In our outpatient clinics, we neglect evaluating the risk of fracture which has so severe economical and emotional burden after it develops.

It is primarily aimed to study polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene (VDR), which is one of the genetic factors having a role in the formation of lumbar pathologies and/or causing higher incidence of pathologic processes. Secondarily, it is aimed to create pre-data which may help professionals to administer more effective and protective interventions in this area. Without any language preference, we searched US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Embase, OVID, Cochrane Library database of clinical trials from 1989 to Mar 11 to 2017 Mar 12, and traced all the references of incorporated documents. The data were evaluated by using descriptive statistics. Results were shown as amount or frequency (%). In literature, some vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms have been found in relation to widespread osteochondral diseases. When VDR polymorphisms, vitamin D level and intervertebral disc pathologies have been examined, a satisfactory answer to the question whether specific pathologies could be suppressed in terms of genetics has not been found. By means of this study, it would be understood the genetic factors inhibiting physio pathological process concerning lumbar degenerative disc disease or the genetic factors playing role in identifying physio pathological process related to lumbar degenerative disc disease by defining them. Accordingly, effective and contraceptive treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease might be ensured soon.

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Fixed -dose combination therapies are important alternative of hypertension treatment. The management of suicidal intoxication with these conbination preparations which might have different and sometimes interactive mechanisms is still unclear. In this case-report a 51 -yearold male patient who had taken 26 pills of perindopril 5 mg and amlodipine 10 mg combination drug. He admitted to the emergency department with the complications of dizziness and fatigue. He was followed in intensive care unit after his first medical care unitafter his first medical emergency intervensions. After development of hypotensionand acute renal failure, he improved with fluid resussitation and symtomatic treatment and he was discharged.

INTRODUCTIONThe risk of developing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome is particularly high in central obesity. In this study we evaluated the effects of fat distribution and some adipokines on insulin resistance in prediabetic patients.MATERIAL AND METHODSEighty-seven age- and sex-matched patients were divided into three groups according to their 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test results as follows: impaired fasting glucose group, impaired glucose tolerance group, and normal glucose tolerance group. Fasting insulin levels were measured. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was calculated. Body fat mass measurements were assessed by bioelectric impedance analyser and abdominal fat thicknesses (subcutaneous, visceral, and preperitoneal) by ultrasonography. The fasting serum levels of several adipokines [adiponectin, leptin, resistin, vaspin, visfatin, retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] were measured by ELISA method.RESULTSThe mean body mass index, fat mass measurements, and abdominal fat thicknesses of the groups were similar. There were no differences between groups in terms of the mean fasting insulin, vaspin, RBP-4, leptin, resistin, and TNF-alpha. In comparison of the prediabetic and normal groups, the levels of adiponectin (p < 0.001) and visfatin (p < 0.001) were lower in the prediabetic group. Furthermore, we found that high body mass index (p < 0.01) and fat mass (p < 0.01) and low adiponectin (p < 0.05) levels have roles in the development of insulin resistance in the prediabetic group.CONCLUSIONSWe suggested that in the prediabetic period not only obesity but also decreased adiponectin levels play some role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (3): 277-282).

OBJECTIVE:Many studies have shown that prolactin (PRL) plays an important role in autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the current frequency of autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) in prolactinomas with another type of functional pituitary adenoma (FPA), somatotrophinoma. Another aim of the study was to evaluate possible factors related to thyroid autoimmunity and the process of ATD in FPAs. METHODS:We retrospectively evaluated the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid morphologic findings in our patients with FPA (78 with acromegaly and 83 with prolactinoma). The relationship of autoantibody positivity with baseline PRL levels, activity of acromegaly, and treatment of dopamine agonists (DA) and hypogonadism was also assessed. Patients with ATD and hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis were also evaluated. RESULTS:ATD (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) was detected more frequently in patients with prolactinoma than in patients with acromegaly (33% and 17%, respectively; p=0.01). Thyroid autoantibody positivity was found more frequently in females in the whole group (p=0.02) and in the acromegaly group (p=0.008). There was no difference according to sex among the patients with prolactinoma (p=0.800). ATD was found not to be related with baseline PRL levels, treatment of DA, and presence of hypogonadism (p=0.232, p=0.435, p=0.464, respectively) in the prolactinoma group, and activity of acromegaly, presence of hypogonadism in the acromegaly group (p=0.753, p=0.654, respectively). Autoimmune hypothyroidism was more frequent in the prolactinoma group than in the acromegaly group among patients with thyroid autoantibody positivity (p=0.004). CONCLUSION:Thyroid autoantibodies should be evaluated both at the time of diagnosis and during the course of treatment in patients with prolactinoma, and thyroid function tests should be closely monitored in patients with autoantibody positivity.

[Purpose] The effects of vitamin D on the circulating levels of IL-17 and IL-13 were investigated in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 without neuropathy, and healthy controls. [Subjects and Methods] A single-blind controlled clinical study was performed, including70 type 2 diabetic patients with or without diabetic peripheral neuropathy and 33 healthy volunteer controls. The 25(OH)D levels were evaluated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography, and IL-17 and IL-13 levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. [Results] The 25(OH) vitamin D concentration was lower in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients than in diabetes mellitus patients without neuropathy and healthy controls. Similarly, 25(OH)D levels were lower in diabetes mellitus patients than healthy controls. IL-17 and IL-13 levels were higher in diabetes mellitus patients than in controls. Additionally, IL-13 levels were higher in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients than in diabetes mellitus patients without neuropathy. These differences were statistically significant. There was a significant positive correlation between 25(OH)D and IL-13,and a negative correlation between 25(OH)D andIL-17 in the diabetic and diabetic neuropathy groups. [Conclusion] Vitamin D is a potential modifiable risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy and may regulate inflammatory mediators, e.g., IL-17 and IL-13.

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)