Einleitung: Die Kombination klassischer Chemotherapeutika mit natürlichen Pflanzeninhaltsstoffen im Sinne einer Biomodulation könnte einen viel versprechenden neuen Therapieansatz in der Behandlung solider Tumore des Gastrointestinaltraktes darstellen.

Einleitung: Sulforaphan (SFN), ein natürlich vorkommender Histon Deacetylase- Inhibitor (HDACi), gilt derzeit als eine der potentesten chemopräventiv wirkenden Phytosubstanzen. TGF-β moduliert als Zytokin Zellwachstum und Apoptose in verschiedenen malignen Zelllinien. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war es, die mögliche Rolle von TGF-β in der SFN induzierten Zellproliferationshemmung in Kolonkarzinomzellen näher zu charakterisieren.

A chimeric HIV-2/HIV-1 envelope sequence containing an immunodominant region of HIV-2 gp36 and the corresponding region of HIV-1 gp41 was constructed and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant product (rp21/18) was purified and applied in a novel antibody-screening assay. Characteristics in the design of this new principle are as follows: (1) the overall assay time is about 30 min; (2) the assay procedure includes three manipulation steps; and (3) the test shows a reliable performance with respect to sensitivity and specificity. The diluted serum sample and the protein G-horseradish peroxidase conjugate are added simultaneously into a coated (hybrid antigen HIV-1/2) and blocked microtiter plate well. The in-batch incubation of serum sample with protein G-horseradish peroxidase saves two manipulation steps that are normally necessary in the five-step procedure of a classical ELISA. AIBS was evaluated with commercially available seroconversion panels and with random negative serum samples from a blood bank. Seroconversion results demonstrated that AIBS has equivalent sensitivity to ELISAs and the third generation assays. The specificity was determined on a total blood donor population of 5012 (Red Cross Vienna, Austria). The repeat reactive rates for donor population were 0.02%. AIBS represents a general immunometric system (not only HIV antibodies). The entire assay procedure of AIBS evaluated for HIV-1/2 screening, including result reporting, can be performed automatically by several commercially available systems. Depending on these systems AIBS is potentially useful in laboratories or blood banks that have both high- and low-volume testing.

This article details a new type of biosensor for the simultaneous analysis of glucose, glutamate and glutamine in complex biological fluids like fermentation broths and blood. Simultaneous analysis was made possible by the application of different enzyme layers onto different electrodes of one photostructurized sensor. Photostructuring was done by means of a new developed photopolymer. Preparation of the photopolymer and the enzyme layers as well as the characterization of the sensors thus constructed with respect to linearity, response time and sensitivity are described.

Glucose, glutamate and lactate oxidase as well as glutaminase were covalently immobilized on thin-film metal electrodes employing a polyimine gel obtained by polymerization of amines and aldehydes. The gel matrix having ion-exchange properties serves an an excellent suppression layer for electrochemically interfering compounds. A glutamine sensor was obtained using the glutamate sensor in combination with highly purified immobilized glutaminase from Escherichia coli, pig kidney and Bacillus subtilis. Sensor thus obtained showed rapid response, high stability, excellent suppression of interfering substances and short regeneration time. These sensors were designed for fermentation control in bioreactors using flow-injection-analysis device (FIA). The sensors were also applied for assaying in plasma and whole blood.