Introduction: Prevention of hemorrhagic disease in newborns (HDN) in recent years has significantly reduced the number of intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) associated with these pathologies and the most common etiological cause of hemorrhagic stroke in infants. However, the issues of intensive therapy for intracranial hemorrhages in young patients of various etiologies didn’t lose their relevance.Objective: Study of the peculiarities of approaches to intensive care in children with ICH. Material and methods: The medical documentation of 35 patients aged 21 days to 4 months with ICH of various etiologies from 2017 to 2021 was analyzed. Results: Due to the severity of their conditions, 83 % of patients required mechanical ventilation. In our case series of 29 children with vitamin K-deficient coagulopathy the mortality was 3.4 %. Cerebral vasospasm developed in 57.1 % of intracranial hemorrhage cases. The duration of stay in the intensive care unit and the duration of mechanical ventilation, in addition to the severity of the condition at admission, hemorrhagic shock and neurological deficit, were influenced by cerebral vasospasm and convulsive syndrome. Conclusion: A retrospective analysis of the results of the treatment of neonates with intracranial hemorrhages caused by a late form of HDN allowed us to identify factors affecting the severity of the condition and outcomes. Since the incidence of this severe pathology is relatively low, and the literature data are contradictory, the personal experience of each hospital is important.

Objectives . To perform a comparative analysis of symptoms in arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and stroke-like conditions in children and to develop and analyze the Suspected Stroke Scale in Children for prehospital diagnosis of AIS in children (referred to as the Scale). Materials and methods . Emergency hospitalizations of children at the Stroke Center with suspected cerebrovascular pathology were analyzed. Symptoms detected in patients with suspected AIS were analyzed, referral and final diagnoses were compared, and the main maskers of stroke and their symptomatologies were identified. Data were compared with results obtained at an earlier phase in this research. Results . The study results suggest a predominance of motor and coordination disorders in AIS and cerebral symptoms in stroke-like conditions in children. The most common stroke masker was migraine. The study results led to proposal of the Scale, and preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the Scale was carried out using examples of confirmed cases of AIS and stroke maskers. Conclusions . Prompt hospitalization of children with AIS can not only reduce mortality, but also allows up-to-date diagnostic and treatment methods to be used to reduce the extent of brain damage and provide the opportunity for complete restoration of motor and cognitive functions. Further analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed Scale is needed.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is one of the rarest vascular tumor found in the brain. In the pediatric group of patients, the proportion of EHE is only 0.02% of all brain neoplasms, and therefore oncogenesis and the causes are currently not well understood. Intracranial localization of EHE is extremely rare, nevertheless, this type of neoplasm should be included in the differential diagnostic series when multiple small intracerebral masses with hypointense MR signal in T2 mode are detected on magnetic resonance imaging. No specific therapy is currently developed for this disease, the optimal treatment is surgical removal of the volumetric mass if this type of treatment is possible. This article presents a clinical case of a primary multiple CNS lesion in a 14-year-old child with a long history of epilepsy. According to our data, the presented clinical case is the only one registered in the world, with primary multiple CNS EHE of the brain in the pediatric population

In the article, we report on a case of a 13‑year-old teenager with a verified intracranial hemorrhage resulting from an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) rupture in the right frontal lobe. Staged combined surgical treatment was carried out. The article discusses the features of diagnosis and tactics of surgical treatment of children with arteriovenous malformations in the acute and subacute periods of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Purpose of the study: Presentation and assessment of a clinical case and the combined treatment of the spontaneously ruptured AVM of the medial parts of the right frontal lobe with the formation of intracerebral hematoma of the medial parts of the fronto-parietal region and the corpus callosum in the ICH acute and subacute periods.

In the presented literature review, we conducted a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of 3 surgical treatment options for patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Despite the widespread use of the new type of antiepileptic drugs, there are still more than 30 % of patients with epilepsy, which developed into pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Wiebe S. et al. conducted a randomized control trail (RCT) and proved that the one-year recovery rate of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with surgical treatment was significantly higher than that with medication treatment (58 % vs. 8 %). This study proves that surgery can be effective in treating pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy [10]. Additionally, it was found that the surgically treated patients at 6 months postoperative follow-up achieved a positive minimum clinically significant change (MCID) in quality of life in epilepsy (QOLIE)-89, compared to those in the medical group (56,0 % vs. 11,0 %, p < 0,001), while 62.0 % of the surgical group achieved a positive MCID value on QOLIE-31 (p < 0,001) compared to 17,0 % in the medical group.