Corrosion is an unintentional gradual degradation of metal that occurs because of chemical or electrochemical attach. The corrosive nature of the gaseous environment at high temperature may cause rapid material degradation and result in premature failure of components. Boiler tubes in power plant are subjected to a wide variety of failure due to high temperature corrosion fatigue. For the reduction of corrosion either a material of required mechanical properties is used, which is impossible for a single material to have all these properties or provide the coating to existing material with surface coating methods, which improves the existing properties in economical way and reduce the cost of replacement. In this paper an attempt has been made by conducting the experimental work on SAE213 T-22 boiler steel tubes with different coating powders having composition of WC-10% CO-4% Cr and WC-12% Cr by adopting the High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray technique to protect the boiler tubes from hot corrosion in gaseous environment and do the various calculations to made the comparison between uncoated and coated tube materials, by creating the artificial environment in the lab.

This paper proposes Smart Particle Optimization (SPSO) which is fusion of Supervisor-Student Model in Particle Swarm Optimization (SSMPSO) and Emotional PSO (EPSO) known as Smart Particle Optimization (SPSO). SPSO is used to optimize unimodal as well as multimodal function. In Smart Particle Optimization, particle position and direction are updated based on emotions of EPSO such as sad and joyful. The joyful particle always hold better optima and it will try to improve accuracy to optima while sad particle does not have better optima and it will change its current position to achieve better optima than previous one. At each generation, momentum factor of SSMPSO pull up the particles in initialized search area to avoid infeasible solutions. The momentum factor is used to reduce computational cost. Three standard functions are used to validate the efficiency SPSO. Its perforamce is compared with PSO variants such as SSMPSO and LDWPSO. SPSO evaluates accurate resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip patch antenna of various dimensions as compared to other compared techniques. The results of benchmark functions and rectangular microstrip patch antenna prove that SPSO is more efficient optimization technique suitable for any application.

In this paper, dynamically swarm shared mutation based Bacterial Foraging (DSSBFO) is proposed to optimize multidimensional, unimodal and multimodal functions. In BFO, due to fixed step size it requires more computational cost to get optimum solution with better accuracy. Chemotaxis and reproduction step of BFO are not sufficient for an effective search. So in this paper, the authors propose dynamic step size in BFO to achieve optimum solution with better accuracy with minimum cost. The dynamic step size i.e. mutation is achieved by modifying the position equation of GLBestPSO and momentum factor (mc) of SSMPSO used in modified equation to bring the bacteria in search space and not to cross the boundary of search space. The eight standard benchmark functions are used to prove the performance of DSSBFO in terms of precision and cost. DSSBFO performs well as compared to BFO and BSO (BFO hybridized with PSO) alogrithms interms of quality solution with faster convergence.

An analytical investigation is applied for the velocity of a vertically falling non-spherical particle in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid. The velocity of vertically falling non-spherical particle can be described by the force balance equation (Basset-Boussinesq-Ossen equation). Variational Iterations Method (VIM) and Runge- Kutta 4th order method are used to solve the existing problem. The results were compared those obtained from VIM by R-K 4th order method. We obtained that VIM which was used to solve such non-linear differential equation with fractional power is simpler and more accurate than other methods. Analytical results indicate that the velocity in a falling procedure is significantly increased and more in Newtonian fluid. Also particle’s velocity in Newtonian fluid reaches early at terminal velocity as compare to non-Newtonian fluid. To obtain the results for all different methods, the symbolic calculus software MATLAB is used.

This paper is aimed on the study of slip effects of an unsteady oscillating flow of a second order viscoelastic, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid passing an infinite vertical porous channel. The radiation effects are also considered which is induced in the system due to the high temperature difference of the walls. Further the flow is assumed under chemical reaction and applied magnetic field effects. The solutions are obtained for velocity, temperature and concentration fields from the governing equations of flow using perturbation methods. Also the variations in the respective fields are discussed using graphs for different physical parameters appeared during the non dimensionalization process which converts the system of non linear partial differential equations to linear partial differential equations. Further the skin friction and Schmidt number are calculated along with their amplitude and phase angle which are represented through the tables.

The heat source/sink effect on free convective incompressible viscous fluid flow and mass transfer in presence of uniform magnetic field applied normal to the infinite vertical plate moving with time dependent velocity has been investigated. The equations of the fluid flow are solved by Laplace transformation method. Solution is obtained in terms of exponential and complementary error function. The expressions of temperature, velocity, nusselt number and skin-friction have been obtained. The effect of various parameters on these expressions has been shown with help of graphs and tables. Movement of the plate with single acceleration and uniform velocity has been discussed.

In this paper the behaviour of unsteady flow of viscous incompressible and electrically conducting Rivlin Ericksen fluid past a semi-infinite vertical porous plate having variable permeability under thermal radiation effects is examined. Further the time dependent suction is assumed at the plate which is moving with constant velocity whereas the free stream velocity is assumed to be oscillating with time. The dimensionless governing equations for the fluid flow under investigation are reduced to set of ordinary differential equations using two term harmonic and non-harmonic functions and solved analytically under relevant boundary conditions. Further the analytical results obtained for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are evaluated numerically and their variation with different flow parameters are shown graphically. Also, the variation behaviour of Skin friction, Nusselt number and Schmidt number along with their amplitudes and phase angles for pertinent parameters is displayed graphically.

In this paper a steady mixed convection MHD flow of an incompressible and electrically conducting viscous fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate having constant suction under ohmic heating and viscous dissipation effects in the presence of chemical reaction with slip boundary conditions is examined. Also the flow is assumed to be having thermal radiation effect. Approximate solutions of governing equations for velocity, temperature and concentration are obtained and the effects of various parameters which appeared during non dimensionalization process are studied through the graphs made using Matlab software packages. Further the variation in skin friction, Nusselt number and Schmidt number along different flow parameters are also discussed with the help of graphs.

The integration of concurrent bacterial foraging with emotional PSO known as concurrent bacterial foraging with emotional intelligence (CBFEI) is proposed in this paper. This technique is used to optimize the functions with multiple local optima with high dimensions and real time applications with less computational cost and better accuracy. In original BFO, the bacteria positions are updated sequentially and its performance is degraded due to fixed step size. But in CBFEI, positions of bacteria are updated concurrently, which is called as concurrent bacterial foraging and mutation is used for dynamic step size to attain accurate optima with fast convergence. The psychology factors of emotion such as joyful and sad are introduced in CBF, which is treated as mutation based on emotional intelligence. The joyful bacterium enjoys in reproducing more accurate global best while bacterium will shrink from its current position, if it is sad. The premature convergence is avoided by mutation. The seven benchmark functions are used to validate the performance of CBFEI. The different evaluation parameters and ANOVA are used to compare the results of CBFEI with other optimization algorithms. The proposed technique achieves more accurate results in terms of optimum solution and better convergence as compared to other techniques.

The effect of heat source/sink past an impulsively started vertical plate under the influence of transverse magnetic field has been investigated. The governing equations of the flow are solved by Laplace transformation technique. The effect of various parameters in the problem on velocity, temperature, skin-friction and nusselt number are shown with graphs and table. The study shows that the temperature of the fluid is high without heat source/sink parameter and decreases with increasing value of heat source/sink parameter. Further, it is also shown that the velocity of the fluid flow is low without heat source/sink parameter as compared to velocity of fluid with introducing heat source/sink parameter and velocity decreases with increasing value of heat source/sink parameter.

In this paper, we study r g-irresolute and r g-continuous ^ functions through the idea of r g-closed sets along with the ideas related ^ ^ to the classes of r g-compact spaces and r g-connected spaces

In this paper, the effects of physical parameters on terminal velocity of vertically falling spherical particles made of Glass, Iron, Copper and Silver with different diameters (D=0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.5mm &1mm) in Newtonian fluid is discussed using Diagonal Pade’ [2/2] approximant and Collocation Method (CM) and compare the results with Runge-Kutta 4th order method to verify the accuracy. It observed that the Diagonal Pade’ approximant which was used to solve nonlinear differential equations is more accurate and simpler as compared to Collocation Method (CM), Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), Akbari-Ganji’s Method (AGM), and Varinational Iteration Method (VIM) etc. The Outcomes clearly demonstrate that the time of reaching the particles at terminal velocity in a vertically falling procedure is significantly increased with growing the size and density of a particle and the acceleration period for smaller and lighter particles is shorter. Further from these four particles, the glass’s particles have low velocity and reaches early at terminal velocity due to its lowest density as compared to other. To obtain the results for all different methods, the symbolic calculus software MATLAB was used.

Opening the new firm or branch with desired execution is very relevant to facility location problem. Along the lines to locate the new ambulances and firehouses, the government desires to minimize average response time for emergencies from all residents of cities. So finding the best location is biggest challenge in day to day life. These type of problems were named as facility location problems. A lot of algorithms have been developed to handle these problems. In this paper, we review five algorithms that were applied to facility location problems. The significance of clustering in facility location problems is also presented. First we compare Fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) algorithm with alternating heuristic (AH) algorithm, then with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms using different type of distance function. The data was clustered with the help of FCM and then we apply median model and min-max problem model on that data. After finding optimized locations using these algorithms we find the distance from optimized location point to the demanded point with different distance techniques and compare the results. At last, we design a general example to validate the feasibility of the five algorithms for facilities location optimization, and authenticate the advantages and drawbacks of them.

The main objective of this paper is to do the modeling and optimization of production cost of RCF kapurthala using TFLPP-(s, l, r) and triangular (Right angle) fuzzy linear programming problem. The total costs of the different constrains are vacillating or uncertain, so to minimize the production cost, fuzzy LPP (right angle triangular) and TFPP-(s, l, r) model are used. Owing to probabilistic increments in the availability of different constrains, the actual cost of production is to leading the destruction. Here the situational based Fuzzy model is being expressed to mitigate the destruction in the cost optimization and examining the credibility of optimized value. The data of RCF Kapurthala constitutes the production cost of different coaches from the year 2009-10. The total cost has been targeted to optimize with respect to the constraints of Labor cost, Material cost, Administrative overhead charges, Factory overhead charges, Township overhead charges, Shop overhead charges and Performa charges. The lower and upper bound have been calculated using TFLPP-(s, l, r), TFLPP-(s, l), TFLPP-(s, r) and TFLPP-(s) for the objective function of the optimized fuzzy LPP. This optimized fuzzy LPP will provide the membership grade for the optimized production cost.

The aim of this paper is to study the effects of slip-condition on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convective flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium filled between two infinite plates of the vertical channel in the presence of heat radiation and heat source/sink. One of these plates is subjected to a slip-flow condition at and the other to a no-slip condition at . The temperature of the plate at with no-slip condition is assumed to be varying in space and time both. The temperature difference of the walls of the channel is assumed high enough to induce heat transfer due to radiation. A magnetic field of uniform strength is applied perpendicular to the planes of the channel walls. The magnetic Reynolds number is assumed very small so that the induced magnetic field is neglected. The fluid is acted upon by spanwise sinusoidal fluctuating pressure gradient in the vertically upward direction. It is also assumed that the conducting fluid is opticallythin gray gas, absorbing / emitting radiation and non-scattering. Exact analytical solutions of the non-linear partial differential equations governing the flow problem are obtained. The velocity field, the temperature field, the amplitude and the phase angle of the skin friction and the heat transfer coefficient are shown graphically and their dependence on the various flow parameters is discussed in detail.