To compare 30 day outcomes and costs of fenestrated and branched stent grafts (f/b EVAR) and open surgery (OSR) for the treatment of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA).The multicenter prospective registry WINDOW was set up to evaluate f/b EVAR in high risk patients with para/juxtarenal AAA, and infradiaphragmatic and supradiaphragmatic TAAA. A control group of patients treated by OSR was extracted from the national hospital discharge database. The primary endpoint was 30 day mortality. Secondary endpoints included severe complications, length of stay, and costs. Mortality was assessed by survival analysis and uni/multivariate Cox regression analyses using pre- and post-operative characteristics. Bootstrap methods were used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of f/b EVAR versus OSR.Two hundred and sixty eight cases and 1,678 controls were included. There was no difference in 30 day mortality (6.7% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.40), but costs were higher with f/b EVAR (€38,212 vs. €16,497, p < .001). After group stratification, mortality was similar with both treatments for para/juxtarenal AAA (4.3% vs. 5.8%, p = .26) and supradiaphragmatic TAAA (11.9% vs. 19.7%, p = .70), and higher with f/b EVAR for infradiaphragmatic TAAA (11.9% vs. 4.0%, p = .010). Costs were higher with f/b EVAR for para/juxtarenal AAA (€34,425 vs. €14,907, p < .0001) and infradiaphragmatic TAAA (€37,927 vs. €17,530, p < .0001), but not different for supradiaphragmatic TAAA (€54,710 vs. €44,163, p = .18).f/b EVAR does not appear justified for patients with para/juxtarenal AAA and infradiaphragmatic TAAA fit for OSR but may be an attractive option for patients with para/juxtarenal AAA not eligible for surgery and patients with supradiaphragmatic TAAA. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01168037; identifier: NCT01168037 (WINDOW registry).

Introduction: Hormonal therapy is the method of choice in treating disseminated prostate cancer. Chronic androgenic suppression causes a reduction in bone mineral density. The most common complications of bone metastases are pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, pain, etc.Methods: A multicenter study (11 clinics of Russia) assessing the efficacy of Zometa in preventing skeletal complications of bone metastases was conducted in 2004—2005. Zometa was administered intravenously at a dose of 4 mg every 3Р4 weeks with androgenic deprivation. Its objective effect was evaluated in 70 patients. Changes in bone mineral density were evaluated by densitometry.Results: Complete pain relief was achieved in 73% of the patients; after therapy 86% of the patients had 0—1 WHO activity status score, 97% of the patients had no bone complications. The level of bone resorption marker β-Cross-Laps decreased to the normal values in 51% of the patients.Conclusion: The study has provided an evidence of the efficacy of Zometa and the necessity of using this drug in complex therapy for bone metastases of prostate cancer.

Objective: to assess the results of organ-preserving treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and methods: 238 patients with renal tumors underwent partial nephrectomy at our institution between 1971 and 2006. 35(14.7%) of 238 patients were showed to have benign histology. RCC was revealed in 203(85.3%) cases on pathological examination. The latter group was retrospectively analyzed. Results: The indications for partial nephrectomy included bilateral lesions in 28.6%, solitary kidney in 3.9%, solitary functioning kidney in 1.5%, horseshoe kidney in 4.9%. An elective partial nephrectomy was performed in 61.1% of the patients. Local stage T was considered as T1 in 68.7%, T2 Р in 24.2%, T3а Р in 6.6%, T3в Р in 0.5% cases. Among 58 patients with bilateral lesions T stage of the contralateral kidney was considered as T1 in 25.9%, T2 Р in 10.3%, T3а Р in 12.0%, T3b Р in 3.5%, Tх Р in 48.3% cases. Positive lymph nodes (N+) were found in 2 (1.5%), distant metastases (M1) in 5 (2,5%) patients. An open partial nephrectomy was performed in 92.1%, laparoscopic in 2.5%, bench surgery in 4.4% cases. In 82.2% cases of bilateral RCC the surgery was performed on both kidneys. Five (2.5%) patients with solitary metastasis were treated with liver resection (1), pulmonary resection (1), scapular resection (1), contralateral adrenalectomy(2). Early surgical complications which required surgery occurred in 6.9% cases. Acute renal failure that necessitates dialysis was registered in 3.9%, chronic renal insufficiency with programmed dialysis in 1.0% of the patients. Renal artery clamping for more than 30 minutes significantly increased the risk of renal failure. Local recurrences appeared in 8.9% (local in 2.5%, distant in 6.4%) patients at a median of 56.1(3—120) months following surgery. The width of the surgical margin has no impact on local recurrence rate. 5-year cancer-specific and relapse-free survival of the whole group of patients was 93.4% and 82.5%, respectively; in the subgroups of uniand bilateral lesion, these were 95.1% and 89.6%, and 91.5% and 75.2%, respectively (p>0,05). T stage and presence of positive lymph nodes and distant metastases significantly influenced the survival. Conclusion: partial nephrectomy in patients with RCC has a low complication rate and provides an excellent long term survival in patients with localized disease.

Objective: to assess the results of organ-preserving treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Materials and methods: 238 patients with renal tumors underwent partial nephrectomy at our institution between 1971 and 2006. 35(14.7%) of 238 patients were showed to have benign histology. RCC was revealed in 203(85.3%) cases on pathological examination. The latter group was retrospectively analyzed.Results: The indications for partial nephrectomy included bilateral lesions in 28.6%, solitary kidney in 3.9%, solitary functioning kidney in 1.5%, horseshoe kidney in 4.9%. An elective partial nephrectomy was performed in 61.1% of the patients. Local stage T was considered as T1 in 68.7%, T2 Р in 24.2%, T3а Р in 6.6%, T3в Р in 0.5% cases. Among 58 patients with bilateral lesions T stage of the contralateral kidney was considered as T1 in 25.9%, T2 Р in 10.3%, T3а Р in 12.0%, T3b Р in 3.5%, Tх Р in 48.3% cases. Positive lymph nodes (N+) were found in 2 (1.5%), distant metastases (M1) in 5 (2,5%) patients. An open partial nephrectomy was performed in 92.1%, laparoscopic in 2.5%, bench surgery in 4.4% cases. In 82.2% cases of bilateral RCC the surgery was performed on both kidneys. Five (2.5%) patients with solitary metastasis were treated with liver resection (1), pulmonary resection (1), scapular resection (1), contralateral adrenalectomy(2). Early surgical complications which required surgery occurred in 6.9% cases. Acute renal failure that necessitates dialysis was registered in 3.9%, chronic renal insufficiency with programmed dialysis in 1.0% of the patients. Renal artery clamping for more than 30 minutes significantly increased the risk of renal failure. Local recurrences appeared in 8.9% (local in 2.5%, distant in 6.4%) patients at a median of 56.1(3—120) months following surgery. The width of the surgical margin has no impact on local recurrence rate. 5-year cancer-specific and relapse-free survival of the whole group of patients was 93.4% and 82.5%, respectively; in the subgroups of uniand bilateral lesion, these were 95.1% and 89.6%, and 91.5% and 75.2%, respectively (p>0,05). T stage and presence of positive lymph nodes and distant metastases significantly influenced the survival.Conclusion: partial nephrectomy in patients with RCC has a low complication rate and provides an excellent long term survival in patients with localized disease.

The purpose of the study was to find optimal treatment for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. We compared efficacy and toxicity of 4 chemotherapy schedules: 1) mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 intravenously once three-weekly; prednizolone 10 mg daily per os (MP); 2) mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 intravenously once threeweekly; cisplatin 60 mg/m2 intravenously once three-weekly; prednizolone 10 mg daily per os (MCP); 3) docetaxel 75 mg/m2 intravenously once three-weekly; estramustine 300 mg/m2 daily per os; prednizolone 10 mg daily per os (DEP); 4) doxorubicin 20 mg/m2 intravenously, day 1, weeks 1, 3 and 5; ketoconazole 1200 mg/day per os, days 1 through 7, weeks 1, 3 and 5; docetaxel 20 mg/m2 intravenously day 1, weeks 2, 4 and 6; estramustine 420 mg/day per os, days 1 through 7, weeks 2, 4 and 6; prednizolone 10 mg/day per os (DEKAP). A total of 39 patients were enrolled. The MP combination was low effective (8.7%) in first-line chemotherapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer, while taxane-based schedules used mainly in the second-line induced a rather high response: DEP 40% and DEKAP 30%. Maximal response in cases with hormone-refractory prostate cancer was achieved when docetaxel-containing regimens were used. They may be recommended as second-line chemotherapy after mitoxantrone-containing schedules.

A total of 59 patients with hormone-resistent prostatic cancer (HDPC) treated in 1999-2004 entered the trial. Three schemes of first-line chemotherapy were examined for clinical efficacy and toxicity in the above patients. Anticancer combined treatment vinorelbin + cycloplatam was given to 23 patients, mitoxantron + prednisolone--to 23 patients, mitoxantron+cysplatin+prednisolone--to 13 patients. The latter scheme was most effect and toxic. Partial regression of metastases and a 50% decrease in the initial PCA level were seen in 23% cases. Vinorelbin+cycloplatam was less effective and toxic: partial regression of metastases--13%, PSA regression-- 17.4%. The least efficacy and toxicity were observed in the treatment with mitoxantron+prednisolone --.7%. Thus, the above first-line HDPC therapy was most effective but has the highest toxicity in using the scheme mitoxantron+cysplatin+prednisolone.

Emergence of regional penile cancer (PC) metastases reduces late survival of PC patients from 94.4 to 83.9%. PC stage can hardly be diagnosed by clinical data significantly. Bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy is indicated for all PC patients with enlarged and clinically negative regional lymph nodes in poorly differentiated primary tumor (G3) and stages T2-3. Follow-up can be recommended for patients with stage Tis-T1, low and moderate anaplasia (G1-2) of the primary tumor. Metastases to the iliac lymph nodes are an indication to pelvic lymphadenectomy. Preventive removal of the iliac lymph nodes in intact inguinal ones is not justified. Unremovable fixed regional lymph nodes should be exposed to radiotherapy.

Рак предстательной железы (РПЖ) - одно из наиболее распространенных заболеваний у мужчин пожилого возраста. При наличии костных метастазов, а также при развитии резистентности к гормональной терапии, вероятность осложнений со стороны скелета возрастает.В связи с актуальностью проблемы в 2002 г. было решено провести Российское многоцентровое исследование по оценке эффективности зометы у больных РПЖ с костными метастазами.В исследовании участвовало 9 исследовательских центров. Урологи, онкологи в настоящее время имеют в своем арсенале эффективный препарат "Зомета", который позволяет длительное время стабилизировать состояние костной системы и снижать число патологических осложнений со стороны скелета. Зомета одобрена Фармкомитетом МЗ РФ для лечения больных с литическими, бластическими и смешанными метастазами в кости. Все указанное подтверждает необходимость широкого использования зометы в лечении больных РПЖ.

The results of 5-year screening (1996-2000) for prostatic cancer in 1129 males 40 to 80 years of age are presented. The examination included: measurement of blood levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), finger rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonic examination (TRUE) and, on demand, biopsy of the prostatic gland. Prostatic cancer was diagnosed in 1.5, 2.2 and 16% patients having PSA levels of 0-4.0, 4.0-10.0 and 10.0-30.0% ng/ml, respectively. At finger rectal examination prostatic cancer was suspected in 8% examinees, only in 33% of them the diagnosis was verified morphologically. By TRUE evidence 7% examinees were suspected and in 44.3% of them prostatic cancer was confirmed. Thus, biopsy proved necessary in 172 cases of 1129 examinees. In 64 (5.7%) males prostatic cancer was diagnosed and confirmed. Early prostatic cancer in the screened men and those consulted in the outpatient department of the National Cancer Research Center was detected in 77.7 and 22% men, respectively. The conclusion is made that men over 50 years of age should undergo prophylactic examination of the prostatic gland once a year.

В лечении ГР-РПЖ намечаются определенные сдвиги. Так, на основании проведенных исследований можно предположить, что использование касодекса 150 мг у тяжелейшего контингента больных ГР-РПЖ позволяет достичь медианы выживаемости в 11 мес, что является определенным успехом. Использование полихимиотерапии с включением таксанов позволяет улучшить результаты лечения по сравнению с другими видами химиотерапевтического лечения. Приведенные схемы наименее токсичны и перспективны для дальнейшего изучения.

As the literature data give arguments both pro and contra wide use of maximal androgenic block (MAB) in the treatment of prostatic cancer, the authors studied MAB in 200 patients. They came to the conclusion that MAB can be applied in patients with symptoms of disseminated prostatic cancer as neoadjuvant therapy before prostatectomy and as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in planning radiotherapy.

The postoperative outcome and survival were studied in patients operated for renal cancer with involvement of the liver. 9 patients have undergone radical nephrectomy and 12 patients--hepatic resections for direct hepatic involvement (2), synchronous (2) and metachronous (8) metastases of renal cell carcinoma. Right hemihepatectomy was performed in 2 and wedge resection in 10 cases. A complete resection was performed in 8 of 9 patients while one patient with direct hepatic invasion was found to have positive surgical margins. Postoperative lethality was absent but complications occurred in 6 patients: pancreatitis (1), pneumonia (3), hepatic abscess (1), hepatic and renal failure followed by GI bleeding (1). At follow-up, two patients died of progressive disease 4 and 68 months after the surgery and one was lost for follow-up. One patient with positive surgical margins is alive with pulmonary and liver metastases 16 months after surgery. Five patients are alive with no evidence of relapse 6, 10, 12, 19 and 56 months after the operation. Thus, the aggressive surgical approach is justified and should be considered in patients with renal cancer and hepatic involvement.

87 patients with urinary bladder cancer (UBC) stage T2-3aN0M0 have received an organ-saving treatment which combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy (methotrexate, adriamycin, vinblastin, cysplatinum) followed by transurethral or open resection of the bladder. The patients were followed up for 3 to 60 months. Recurrent tumors arose in 49(56.3%) patients, at the primary site in 94%. Recurrence-free 5-year survival made up 32.8 +/- 14.1 and 24.2 +/- 15.2% after transurethral and open resections of the bladder, respectively. In patients with a complete response to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival reached 89.0 +/- 11.1 and 68.5 +/- 18.9%, respectively. It is thought valid to consider planning organ-saving treatment only in relation to patients with a complete regression of the tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Present work deals with diagnostics of bladder tumors with the use of 5-amino-levulinic acid (ALA) by means of fluorescence image analysis in blue light followed by spectral fluorescence analysis of biopsy samples taken from suspicious bladder sites. It was found that fluorescence intensity of benign formations is lower than that of tumors suggesting the possible increasing of specificity of diagnostics with the use of spectral analysis.