Supercapacitors (SCs) are ideal for high-power applications due to their rapid power delivery. The performance of SCs hinges on innovative electrode materials. This study presents the fabrication of a CuZrO3 and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) composite via a microwave-assisted, eco-friendly method. Structural and morphological analyses were conducted using XRD, FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-DRS, SEM, EDX, HRTEM and N2 adsorption/desorption. Electrochemical tests on CuZrO3 and CuZrO3@GNP revealed high capacitance (405.5 Fg −1), excellent rate performance, and good cyclic stability. An asymmetric supercapacitor using CuZrO3@GNP was also fabricated and tested, showing a specific capacitance of 38.01 Fg −1, low charge transfer resistance, and robust cyclic performance. Comparative analysis with existing literature highlights the superior performance of this composite material in terms of specific capacitance and stability. This study demonstrates the potential of the CuZrO3@GNP nanocomposite for developing advanced SCs electrode materials.

Materials containing Schiff-base functional groups are considered as a promising frame works for design of innovative supercapacitor electrodes. Cobalt Schiff base complex [Co(L)2(H2O)4] is synthesized utilizing a Schiff base ligand (3-(3-Imino-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazin-6-yl)-propionic acid), HL derived from alpha-ketoglutaric acid and aminoguanidine with cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2 & sdot;6H2O). Molecular structures are identified using Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Powder and Single crystal X-ray Diffraction (PXRD &SXRD) techniques. Cobalt ions are hexa-coordinated to two monodendate (O-) hydrazone ligand and four water molecules, ensuring the development of distorted octahedral environment. The structural analysis reveals the welldefined crystalline nanostructure. Besides, the electrodes of complex material exhibit maximum specific capacity of 602 C g- 1 @ 1 A g- 1, which is greater than the base ligand (61 C g- 1). Furthermore, an asymmetric device is made-up, consisting activated carbon and cobalt complex as the negative and positive electrode respectively. This device reveals a specific capacity of 225 C g- 1 and good energy density of 51.45 Wh kg- 1 with a power density of 838.13 W kg- 1. Moreover, the fabricated cell is found to have a better capacity preservation of 98% after 1000 consecutive GCD cycles.

Modern scientific research development relies on high-entropy materials, which stand out for their intricate nature, positioning them as the nanomaterials of the future electrochemical energy storage device. In this work, we prepared a BiOX ((X=Br, Cl, I)) CO3 known as BiOXCO3 materials using a simple solvothermal approach. Further investigation was carried out on the electrochemical responses of electrodes based on BiOXCO3. BiOXCO3 (1) is the name given to the equal molar concentration of Br, Cl, I, and CO3. BiOXCO3 (2) was created when the concentration of Br was doubled, followed by BiOXCO3 (3) with Cl, BiOXCO3 (4) with I, and BiOXCO3 (5) with CO3. Among them, BiOXCO3 (5) has demonstrated a supreme specific capacitance value of 645 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1). This preliminary work describes the tuning of the anion concentration in BiOXCO3 materials toward supercapacitor applications, paving the way for future investigations of bismuth-based high-entropy materials.

This study introduces an innovative approach to fabricate high-efficiency supercapacitor electrodes by utilizing waste polyester (PES), a common fabric waste, as a precursor for producing activated carbon. This approach not only addresses waste disposal issues but also provides a valuable resource for various environmental and industrial applications. Through a series of chemical and thermal treatments, PES waste is transformed into a porous carbon structure, which is then functionalized with PPy and V2O5 to enhance its electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance. The synthesized composite is characterized by several analytical and spectral techniques to elucidate the morphological, structural and surface properties. The specific surface area of the hybrid composite material is 50.4 m2g-1. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and impedance spectroscopy are employed to evaluate the performance of the composites as supercapacitor electrodes. From the

Nickel and Nickel-cobalt [Ni1/3Co2/3(HL)2].3H2O Schiff base complexes were synthesized from 2-(methoxycarbonyl-hydrazono)-pentanedioic acid, H2L ligand with metal salts. The structural analysis reveals that the prepared samples were endowed with well crystalline nature. The electrodes of Nickel-cobalt Schiff base complex (Ni-Co) exhibits Faradaic peaks indicating the diffusion controlled charge transfer mechanism. As a super-capacitor electrode, the Ni-Co exhibits higher specific capacitance of 683 F g-1 at a current rate of 1 A g-1, which is higher than the Nickel complex. Further the bimetallic material possesses better cyclic stability and very less charge-transfer resistance. An asymmetric device was fabricated using Ni-Co complex as the positive electrode material and activated carbon as the negative electrode. The as fabricated device displays a specific capacitance of 239 F g-1 with energy density of 69 Wh kg-1 and power density of 1385 W kg-1. This device demonstrated preservation of 91 % of initial capacitance after 2000 cycles. These attractive features demonstrate Ni-Co complex is a better candidate for supercapacitor electrode applications.

In this study, we report the synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles with three different surfactants: Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG), and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) and their different properties. In order to study the performance of Bi2O3 based materials as negative electrodes in supercapacitor applications, the electrochemical properties of the three samples were carried out. For the electrodes of bismuth oxide covered with CTAB, PEG, and SDS, the estimated rates of diffusion were determined to be 85.6 × 10− 12 cm2 s− 1, 24.4 × 10− 12 cm2 s− 1, and 1.2 × 10− 12 cm2 s− 1 respectively. The estimated specific capacity values for the samples BOC, BOP and BOS are 549.8 C g–1, 412.7 C g–1 and 84.1 C g–1 at 5 A g–1 respectively. When compared to PEG and SDS assisted samples, the sample that was synthesized using CTAB showed the highest specific capacity. The distinctive extended rod-like morphology of BOC can be reasoned for this drastic improvement in capacity. Furthermore, even at a greater current density of 10 Ag− 1, the CTAB assisted Bi2O3 sample showed remarkable rate performance, keeping 92

MXenes are emerging as the next-generation materials for energy storage due to their substantial surface area, exceptional conductivity, and abundant surface-terminating groups. However, the tortuous path for ion transfer within the restacked layers significantly limits the electrochemical performance of multilayered MXenes. To overcome this, interlayer spacers have been introduced. These spacers help mitigate ion diffusion barriers and enhance the accessibility of active sites, thereby improving the overall efficiency and longevity of MXene-based supercapacitors and related devices. In this study, a rational material is designed by incorporating CoFe2O4 and g-C3N4 into the layers of MXene through ultrasonication for supercapacitor application. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized materials have been comprehensively characterized using diverse techniques, revealing that MXene/CoFe2O4/g-C3N4 has successfully evolved into a multilayered structure possessing enhanced surface area, low restacking tendency, high pore diameter, and excellent pore volume. Leveraging these properties, it performs as a viable material for fabricating the working electrode with a specific capacitance (Csp) of 1506.2Fg-1 at a current density of 5Ag-1 in 3M KOH. It shows good stability with 89% capacitance retention over 7000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) constructed with MXene/CoFe2O4/g-C3N4 as positive electrode and activated carbon as negative electrode exhibits an energy density of 79.8Wh Kg-1 and power density of 1343.3W Kg-1. Furthermore, it shows a capacitive retention of 91% over 10,000 cycles. This MXene based composite, with excellent capacitance and outstanding stability, offers an appreciable performance in the field of sustainable energy storage.

On neutralization of Aminoguanidine bicarbonate (H2Agun) with 1,1 -cyclobutane dicarboxylic acid (H2CBD) resulted aminoguanidinium salt, [(HAgun)& thorn; (HCBD)-]. Using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and analytical spectroscopy, the compound was identified and characterized. Furthermore, single X-ray diffraction experiment confirms the molecular structure of the salt. The molecular docking approach has been employed to investigate the inhibitory properties of aminoguanidinium hydrogen 1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate on three key cancer protein receptors: 3WZE (VEGFR kinase), 5ZMA (crystal structure of an allosteric Eya2 phosphates inhibitor lung cancer protein), and 1JNX (BRCT repeat region from the breast cancer associated protein). Observation of lower binding energy of -4.67 kcal/mol for 3WZE, -4.57 kcal/mol for 5ZMA and 1.7 kcal/mol for 1JNX, respectively, indicating high stability with the protein molecule.

The progress of effective electrode materials for high -performance supercapacitors is one of the most cuttingedge fields of study in the search for alternative and renewable energy uses. 2D MXenes, with their distinctive physiochemical features, have successfully improved the electrode materials by imparting superior energy storage, thus distinguishing themselves among electrode materials. A new class of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles embedded Cr2CTx MXene sheets have been fabricated and tested for supercapacitor applications. Notably, the cobalt ferrite acts as interlayer spacers between Cr2CTx MXene layers. The Cobalt ferrite/Cr2CTx MXene composite offers enhanced supercapacitive features compared to pristine cobalt ferrite or Cr2CTx MXene sheets. The cobalt ferrite/Cr2CTx MXene nanocomposite shows a maximal specific capacity of 763.83C g-1 (1909.6 F g-1) at 1 A g-1. The fabricated device using the prepared material exhibited a capacitance retention of 99 % up to 2500 cycles. Also, this attractive nanocomposite displays a charge transfer resistance of only 0.25 omega, which is highly beneficial to charge-discharge at higher current rates.

In this work, the well-defined manganese selenide (MnSe2) rods are successfully deposited on the bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) spheres termed as Bi2Se3@ MnSe2 nanocomposite by a simple solvothermal method. The as-synthesized Bi2Se3@MnSe2 nanocomposite was investigated by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, FE-SEM, TEM, and XPS measurements. The characterization results confirmed the successful preparation of the Bi2Se3@MnSe2 nanocomposite with good crystallinity. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCD) studies have been used to evaluate the supercapacitor performances, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to determine the conductivities of the material. The Bi2Se3@MnSe2 nanocomposite electrode delivered the highest discharged capacitance value of 1590 F g(-1) at a higher current density value of 4 A/g in 3.0 M KOH using three-electrode mode. The practical pertinency of the constructed Bi2Se3@MnSe2 nanocomposite as an energy-storing device has also been studied. An asymmetric coin cell supercapacitor, was constructed from the Bi2Se3@MnSe2 nanocomposite and the asymmetric device (ASC) delivered the maximum specific capacitance of 122 F g(-1) at 4 A/g with an appreciable energy density (Ed) value of 39 Wh kg(-1) and the power density (Pd) of 2950 W kg(-1). The electrochemical measurements indicate that the Bi2Se3@MnSe2 nanocomposite electrode can be a capable and ideal candidate for the production of high-performance supercapacitors for future needs.

In this study, the synthesis of magnesium-doped copper ferrite, namely CuxMg1-xFe2O4 (x = 1, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5), is achieved using a facile microwave route, and the cubic crystalline structure, functional group, and nanostructured materials are discussed. The electrochemical studies of the magnesium-doped copper ferrite (MCF) are carried out by assembling a three-electrode conventional electrochemical cell with MCF samples as working electrode, a platinum wire as counter electrode, a silver (Ag)/silver chloride (AgCl) as reference electrode, and 2 M KOH aqueous solution as electrolyte. The study of the electrochemical performance of Mg-doped and undoped copper ferrite electrodes reveals that they show battery-type behavior with the transfer of two electrons (Mg to Mg2+) in 2 M KOH electrolyte in the potential window of 0.45 V to 0.35 V. Further, un-oxidized MgO oxidizes, leading to a quasi-conversion reaction. Additionally, the electrode (MCF) exhibits a greater specific capacity of 737.5 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. It is found that the MCF3 electrode retains 70% of its initial capacitance, which is higher than the CF electrode (33%), after 4000 continuous galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor cell is fabricated using MCF as the positive electrode, activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, 2 M KOH as the electrolyte, and polypropylene as the separator. The fabricated MCF//AC supercapacitor yields maximum specific energy of 62.61 W h kg-1 at specific power of 1168 W kg-1. These electrochemical features suggest that MCF is a feasible candidate material for developing supercapacitor electrodes.

Inspired by the excellent physio-chemical properties of nano-sized materials, this study details the hydrothermal preparation and electrochemical characterization of mesoporous carbon added CeO2 nanostructures towards the energy storage applications. Cubic CeO2 is observed for the crystal structure and phase of the prepared materials. The formation of nano-sized (similar to 7 nm) quasi spherical-like structure is found from the TEM analysis and it is mainly ascribed to the combined effect of mesoporous carbon and hydrothermal treatment. The charge storage performance of the prepared composites is examined using three-electrode mode. The capacitive behaviour of mesoporous carbon is additionally supported for electrochemical performance in addition to the battery-like behavior of the CeO2 electrodes resulting in an increase of specific capacity by 102.6 %. Hybrid supercapacitor cell is devised and it could yield a specific energy of 31 W h kg(-1) (562 W kg(-1)) and retain 81 % capacity after 3000 continuous charge discharge cycles. With this efficient composite, the future of energy storage may pave the way for more sustainable and powerful energy solutions.

Rapidly increasing demand for electrical energy due to unprecedented growth of electronic gadgets urges the research on developing innovative electrode materials for new age batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Among various electrode materials for SCs, copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) is a cost-effective compound to make electrode materials for SC application owing to its expansive multifunctional physical and electrical properties. The nanoparticles of CuxZn1−xFe2O4 (x = 1, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5) were synthesized via a facile and effective microwave combustion route. The effective inclusion of zinc on the surface morphology, size of the nanoparticles, elemental compositions, crystalline nature, and electrochemical properties of CuxZn1−xFe2O4 (x = 1, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5) were examined by different analytical techniques. The electrochemical investigations reveal the highest specific capacitance of 1250 F g−1 for Cu0.9Zn0.1Fe2O4 which is 100

The present report investigated the different mass ratios of Ti3C2Tx MXene decorated NiMnO3 / NiMn2O4 nanoparticles and their enhancement of photocatalytic performance. The NiMnO3 / NiMn2O4 - Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposites were synthesized by a simple electrostatic self-assembly method. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposites were analyzed by XRD, SEM, and FESEM with EDAX, FTIR, PL, and UV-Visible spectrometer. The rhombohedral / cubic spinel structure of NiMnO3 / NiMn2O4 was confirmed by the XRD. The SEM and FESEM morphology show that spherical NiMnO3 / NiMn2O4 nanoparticles were decorated on the Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets and also present on the inside of the Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets. The average diameter of NiMnO3 / NiMn2O4 nanoparticles (46nm) and the interlayer spacing of Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets (56nm) were measured from FESEM analysis. The energy bandgap of NiMnO3 / NiMn2O4 - MXene nanocomposites was determined as ranging from 1.2eV to 0.8eV. The Ni, Mn, O, Ti, C, and F elemental compositions of the composites were analyzed by the EDAX. The effective photo-generated electron transferring from NiMnO3 / NiMn2O4 to Ti3C2Tx MXene was established by the PL quenching of NiMnO3 / NiMn2O4. The 100% degradation efficiency was achieved in methylene blue (MB). The mixed dye degradation rates achieved for Rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO), and methylene blue (MB) for 90%,72%, and 100% after 50min in the presence of NiMnO3 / NiMn2O4 -Ti3C2Tx MXene (20wt. %). According to a scavenger experiment, the predominant species actively involved in the photodegradation process were revealed to •OH and •O2-.

Bismuth-based semiconductors have attracted significant attention in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitor devices. In this study, layered structured bismuth germanate (Bi12GeO20) was synthesized using hexamine as a surfactant, at 850 °C, and utilized as electro-active material for supercapacitor and sodium ion (NaB) storage applications. The physical characterization of the prepared Bi12GeO20 was studied with various characterization and microscopic analyses such as XRD, FT-IR, FESEM with EDS, HRTEM, and XPS analysis. The XRD analysis exposed the successful formation of a highly crystalline sillenite phase of Bi12GeO20. The surface morphology analysis FE-SEM and HR-TEM revealed the effective construction of the 2D layered structure of Bi12GeO20. The EDS results profound that uniform distribution of the Bi, Ge, and O elements with good elemental stoichiometry. The supercapacitor properties of the prepared Bi12GeO20 were evaluated with the help of three electrode method using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance (EIS) techniques in the aqueous solution of 3.0 M KOH. The prepared Bi12GeO20 architecture shows a higher specific capacitance of 355 F g−1, with a current density of 1 A g−1. Finally, the sodium-ion storage capacity of Bi12GeO20 was evaluated using a coin cell-type electrode. The as-synthesized Bi12GeO20 material was utilized as an anode for Na ion storage and demonstrated a high specific capacity of 740 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate. With these appreciable electrochemical performances, the single component Bi12GeO20 holds an ideal alternative electrode material to develop high-performance power and energy storage devices.

Supercapacitors (SCs) have emerged as attractive energy storage devices due to their rapid charge/discharge rates, long cycle life, and high-power density. However, the development of innovative electrode materials to achieve high-performance remains crucial to meet future requirements in supercapacitor technology. In this work, we have explored the potential of a microwave-engineered NiZrO3@GNP composite as a promising electrode material for SCs. A microwave assisted hydrothermal approach was adopted for the fabrication of the NiZrO3@GNP nanocomposite. Structural and morphological investigations showed its structural richness and its chemical compositions. When applied as a SC electrode, this innovative combination exhibits battery-like behaviour with higher specific capacity (577.63 C g(-1)) with good cyclic stability, and good performance. We have assembled an asymmetric-type two-electrode SC device and analysed its electrochemical features. This NiZrO3@GNP device exhibits the specific capacity of 47 C g(-1) with capacitance retention of 70% after 2000 charge-discharge cycles. Further research on optimizing the synthesis process and exploring different device configurations could pave the way for even higher-performance supercapacitors in the future.

In order to investigate the synergistic potential of a new nanocomposite for improved energy storage applications, this work combines graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and kaolin. Kaolin functions as a structural matrix, offering stability and support for the integration of g-C3N4 and V2O5 nanoparticles. It is well-known for its wide availability and thermal characteristics. A variety of analytical methods, such as electrochemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, are used to characterise the synthesised nanocomposite. The specific capacitance and cycling stability of the nanocomposite's electrochemical performance are rigorously assessed. Key issues in efficiency, stability and cost-effectiveness are addressed by an optimised material for advanced energy storage systems, which is the result of the synergistic effects coming from the unique features of each component. With a superior cyclic stability and capacitance retention of 77.7 % even after 2000 cycles, the composite material exhibits a higher specific capacitance value of 415 Fg  1 at 5 mVs  1. This work is a major step towards the creation of novel nanocomposites for highperforming, environmentally friendly energy storage systems.

Herein Bi3NbO7 micro squares were prepared by a simple solvothermal method, and their electrochemical performances towards supercapacitor application were assessed. XRD, Raman, XPS, FESEM and TEM analysis were performed as the confirmation studies for the Bi3NbO7. The electrochemical measurements specified that the maximum specific capacitance value of 596 Fg(-1) at a given current density of 2 Ag-1, and an outstanding cycling stability of similar to 90 % capacitance retention over 2000 cycles at 10 Ag-1 were achieved. Hence, the single-component Bi3NbO7 electrode material has been considered as alternate material for supercapacitor applications.

As the world faces energy demands, the development of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes becomes increasingly important. Especially, the negative electrode materials are crucial for improving the performance and applicability of supercapacitors, as it determines the overall energy density. Inspired by the lack of attention devoted to the negative electrode materials due to shortage of resources, the composites consisting of iron tin oxide nanostructures (ITOs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized. It is noteworthy to mention that the nanoscale governs the supremacy of physico-chemical properties of the materials. Thus, microwave green chemistry synthesis technique was utilized along with the structure directing agent of CTAB. The structural analysis details that the prepared materials had a low crystalline nature with the crystal phase of Fe2.6Sn0.4O4. The significant changes have been noticed in the morphological, textural and electrochemical properties of the ITOs with the addition of MWCNTs. The size of the ITOs was reduced to the larger extent due to the addition of MWCNTs accounting a higher specific surface area of 376.38 m2 g- 1. The optimal pore size was found to be 25 nm facilitating the higher accessibility for the ions intercalation. A maximum specific capacity of 957C g- 1 was estimated for the electrodes consisting iron tin oxide and carbon nanotube along with the retention of 113 % over 5000 charge discharge cycles. Furthermore, supercapacitor cell is fabricated in asymmetric mode and it could be delivered a specific energy of 87 W h kg- 1 with a specific power of 687 W kg- 1. The ongoing research into iron tin oxide/MWCNT composites as negative electrode materials holds promise for future advancements in supercapacitor technology, offering the potential to achieve higher energy density, improved cycling stability, and enhanced performance across a wider range of operating conditions.