Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) occur as capsules or as secreted slime. They represent a small fraction of today's biopolymer market with factors limiting their use being mainly associated with economical production. Efficient production and reduction in recovery costs requires knowledge of biosynthesis and adoption of appropriate bioprocess technology. EPS from generally recognized as safe food grade microorganisms, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), have potential as food additives or as functional food ingredients with both health and economic benefits. Many different heteropolysaccharides (HePS) are secreted by LAB regarding sugar composition and molecular size but they show few common structural features, which raises questions about the relationship between structure and texture.