Purpose To evaluate F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/ultra low dose Computed Tomography (F-18-FDG PET/ ULD CT) in the work-up of pediatric uveitis. Methods Retrospective study of 12 children followed for uveitis who underwent whole body F-18-FDG PET/ULD CT between 2011 and 2019. Results The average age of the patients was 11 years. A total of 100% of patients presented with bilateral uveitis, 50% had panuveitis and 92% had various choroidal involvement. Relevant information for diagnosis was provided in four patients. 5/12 had an abnormal 18F-FDG uptake. Of these, three patients had pathognomonic images of active granulomatous diseases. Three patients underwent PET CT-guided biopsies of which two were positive for sarcoidosis. Conclusion F-18-FDG PET/CT provided important information for final diagnosis in approximately 30% (4/12) of pediatric patients with bilateral uveitis. Whole body FDG PET/ULD CT can contribute to the final diagnosis thanks to pathognomonic image of active granulomatous disease and/or by indicating metabolically active site of biopsy that would not be visualized in thorax CT.

Purpose: To evaluate neurosyphilis cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and initial ophthalmic manifestations in patients with syphilitic uveitis.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of CSF analysis of 14 patients with syphilitic uveitis with treponemal analysis - chemiluminescent immunoassay and TPHA- and non-treponemal analysis - Rapid Plasma Reagin test - RPR.Results: 86% were males and 43% HIV+. Ocular signs of syphilis lead to the diagnosis of syphilis in 78% of patients. Typical syphilitic uveitis presentations included: acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis (50% of patients), retinitis (21% of patients) and punctate inner retinitis (7% of patients). 57% of patients had definite neurosyphilis by the CDC criteria, while 71% had CSF abnormalities suggestive of central nervous system involvement.Conclusion: Based on international guidelines, the frequent CSF abnormalities found in syphilitic uveitis patient supports the diagnosis of neurosyphilis in a majority of patients.

link these theoretical disease models with human patient data to gain new insights of AAK progression.We isolated primary epithelial cells from limbus region of patients suffering from AAK. Transcriptional profile was generated and compared to healthy limbal epithelial cell culture.Regulated genes were identified and compared to a siRNA based primary cell model.We could confirm new potential PAX6 regulated target genes, which might explain common disease models.The PAX6-KRT12 dependency was present in patients but not reproducible in our cell model.Further analysis is needed to get more insight in the development of Aniridia.

Purpose Diagnosis and treatment of intraocular lymphoma remains a clinical challenge. Herein, we present a complicated case in which the diagnosis was made after the acute worsening of retinal lesions during oral steroid treatement. Methods A 49 year old woman complaning of progessive visual acuity decrease was referred with visual acuity of hand movements in the right eye accompanied by vitritis and two peripheral white retinal lesions with vasculitis. Futher examinations excluded the diagnosis of the main causes of infectious and non infectious uveitis and pathological examination of vitreous cells was not compatible with the diagnosis of lymphoma. Results Systemic steroid treatment were given with an initial improvement of the inflammatory conditions. However, a week later an acute worsening of the retinal lesions occured, taking the appearence of a very severe retinal necrosis. Another vitrectomy was thus performed to exclude again infectious causes but was negative for virus and toxo. Finally, the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma was made on a 3rd diagnostic vitrectomy with retinal biopsy. The patient was treated with a series of intravitreous methotrexate injections followed by chemo- and radiotherapy. Conclusion Systemic administration of corticosteroids in patient with intraocular B lymphoma may lead to dramatic lesion extention preceeded by temporal clinical stabilisation or improvement.

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can develop severe uveitis. Although infectious and autoimmune causes must always be considered, drug induced uveitis is also an important etiology. Herein, we present two case reports illustrating the classical presentation of rifabutin and cidofovir induced uveitis. The first case was a 33 year old woman with AIDS treated with anti-protease and anti-tuberculosis drugs (including rifabutin). She presented with a red painful right eye. There was a strong anterior segment inflammation with fibrinous exudates and a dense vitritis. Rifabutin was stopped and topical steroids and mydriatics were given. Intraocular inflammation and symptoms rapidly resolved. The second patient was a 36 year old woman who presented with a painful decrease of vision in her left eye. She was followed for bilateral CMV retinitis in the setting of AIDS and had recently received 2 systemic injections of cidofovir. Anterior segment inflammation with posterior synechiae in both eyes and folds of Descemet membrane in the left eye were noted. Intraocular pressure was 0 mmHg in the left eye and 10 mmHg in the right eye. Fundus examination disclosed CMV retinitis scars in the right eye and choroidal folds in the macula of the left eye. Cidofovir was discontinued and topical steroids and mydriatics started. Progressively the inflammation decreased and the intraocular pressure returned to normal levels. In conclusion, rifabutin and cidofovir are classical examples of drug induced uveitis with distinct characteristic clinical presentation. Recognition of those entities in AIDS patients can avoid useless and potentially invasive interventions in those fragile people.

Purpose Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cell activation by cytokines plays an important role in autoimmune uveitis development. The aim of this study was to investigate if Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS1) overexpression in RPE cells can modulate this activation. Methods SOCS clone and control clone were isolated after stable transfection of APRE-19 with plasmids containing or not the SOCS1 gene. qRT-PCR was used to measure SOCS1 mRNA expression. Clones were stimulated by IFNγ or/and TNFα. Membrane expression of MHCII and CD54 was measured by flow cytometry, IL-8 secretion by ELISA and (P-)STAT-1 and IκBα expression by Western Blot. Results We found a stable high expression of SOCS1 in the SOCS clone as compared to the control clone or native ARPE cells. This SOCS1 overexpression strongly decreased IFNγ-mediated STAT-1 phosphorylation, MHCII induction and CD54 upregulation. On the contrary, SOCS1 overexpression had no effect on TNFα-mediated IκBα degradation, IL-8 upregulation, but weakly inhibited CD54 upregulation. During simultaneous IFNγ and TNFα stimulation, SOCS1 overexpression canceled the inhibitory effect of IFNγ on TNFα-induction of IL-8 secretion. Conclusion SOCS1 overexpression can block IFNγ but have almost no effect on TNFα activation of retinal pigmented epithelium cells. Those data suggest that SOCS1 overexpression might only affect certain cytokine pathways important in autoimmune uveitis development.