Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the spine can present with different symptomatology. This depends upon the region of involvement and with the background of underlying angioarchitectures. AVM occurrence at filum terminale needs special reference as it is not covered under any classifications. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can remain undiagnosed because of the location and the way of its presentation. Rodesch et al. has found as 3.2% prevalence in one of their series of arteriovenous shunts management. Selective Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is required to find out the arterial feeder for its guidelines to the appropriate management. We present 42- years old male who presented with long standing low backache with numbness in both lower limbs. Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) investigation of Lumbosacral spine diagnosed as a case of having arteriovenous fistula of filum terminale.

Avascular necrosis of femur as the name implies is directly related to the compromising state of the blood supply and their further pathological changes at that site. This results in major musculoskeletal disability. This may be traumatic or non-traumatic as the crux of the underlying problem is ischemia because of disruption of the vascular nourishment. This eventually leads to the death of marrow and osteocytes which leads to osteonecrosis. This shows in imaging in the form of ischemia or bone collapse and the diagnosis is made with the help of imaging armamentarium. The age of presentation and the history are very important to know before the diagnosis is made. Plain radiography, Computerized Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) play a pivot role in clinching the diagnosis. We present 28-years old male who reported with pain in both hip joints with painful and restricted movements. He was diagnosed as bilateral avascular necrosis of hips on the basis of the radiological findings.

Hyperphosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor (HMT) is a very rare benign tumor of the soft tissue or bone which produces tumor induced osteomalacia, also called as oncogenic osteomalacia. This activity can only be stopped by the surgical removal of the tumor. We present a 23 years old man who presented with long standing bony pains without any relief by a variety of medications. The clue to the diagnosis was taken from pelvis skiagram, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the body, PET scan and the blood chemistry. Keywords: Hyperphosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor (HMT), Hypophostemia, Oncogenic osteomalacia

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome is not uncommon as this is a part of the Mullerian agenesis. This is usually diagnosed during adolescent period when signs and symptoms of the ongoing changes in female body type are delayed. We present 17 years old adolescent female who presented with primary amenorrhoea as the normal menstruation did not start at puberty. She was diagnosed as MRKH Type I Syndrome on the basis of radiological investigations. Key words: MRKH Syndrome, Mullerian agenesis, amenorrhoea, MRI

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder resulting from inactivation of tumor suppression genes located at the chromosome 3p 25.5. VHL comprises of many benign and malignant tumors along affecting various systems of the body with variable manifestations. A wide variation in radiological spectrum is seen as per the involvement of particular system or organ. The imaging modalities like Ultrasonogrphy (USG), Computerized Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) play an important role in diagnosing and treating the affected individuals. These also play equally important role in the screening and follow up of such cases. We present a case of an 18 year old female, who was diagnosed with VHL at the age of 10 years, where imaging modalities helped her management and follow up. Keywords: VHL, autosomal dominant, genetic disorder, USG, CT, MRI

Multifocal skeletal involvement in primary non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is very rare as compared to the focal one. These findings of multifocal nature are more common in children than in adults. We present 52 years old male patient who presented with slow growing multiple tender swellings on the left side of mandible and on the medial end of right first rib. We present the clinico-radiological aspects of the disease which lead to suspicion of the NHL and later proved to be primary non- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma on fine needle aspiration cytology. Key words: FNAC, Multifocal, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Osseous

Breast cysticercosis manifestation is usually uncommon and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. This manifests in the form of signs and symptoms which normally do not point towards the diagnosis. The radiological modalities always narrow down the gap between the complaints and the diagnosis. We present a case with cysticercus cysts in breast parenchyma as well as in both pectoral muscles which was suspected on ultrasonography (USG) and diagnosed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The patient responded to the medical treatment conservatively thus avoiding excisional biopsy. Follow up and repeat MRI has confirmed the cure of the complaints as well as the disease. Key words: Cysticercosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Radiological modalities, Ultrasonography

The lattice deformation caused by 100 MeV Ti7+ ion irradiation in Si (100) has been studied using X-ray topographic techniques. An important finding is the appearance of a strain field perpendicular to the ion beam direction in the irradiated region well separated from the projected range of implanted ions. This in-plane strain extends in the bulk of the sample and is not merely confined to the surface. The implanted region has been found to experience an out of plane strain which is expected to be tensile in nature.

Preparation of compound semiconductors for high efficiency device fabrication requires the use of very high purity (69+ grade) elements. Availability of certain elements in such high purity is sometimes not ensured. Even the storage of such elements for long times makes them unsuitable for material preparation as such. Chalcogens being highly prone to oxidation are one such case. Here, we report on a two stage vacuum-distillation process for ulltra-purification of Te and Se spoiled by long term storage, for use in preparation of Bi-2(TeSe)(3) and (HgCd)Te bulk crystals for thermoelectric cooler and IR-detector applications respectively. The effectiveness of this purification process has been evaluated by comparing the trace analysis results and electrical/thermoelectric properties of starting elements and/or the final crystals. Inductively Coup led Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy have been utilized for trace analysis of Se and Te respectively.

An automated computer controlled double crystal rocking curve setup has been developed. Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) crystals have been analysed using this setup. Splitting and shifting of diffraction peaks observed in some samples has been critically analysed and the issues related to the low angle grain boundaries and compositional variation have been addressed and resolved.

Thin metallic layers of Pt and Au over Si and GaAs substrates grown by e-beam deposition have been investigated using grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity. FFT algorithm has been applied to determine thickness from the reflectivity curves and it has been observed that in multilayer samples and in thin films having poor fringe contrast, this method is quite useful in thickness determination with good accuracy.

A numerical method which takes into account the temperature variation of the thermoelectric parameters, has been developed for modelling of multistage thermoelectric coolers. This model is simple, fast and takes into account the actual temperature variation of the material properties used. It can be used to model the performance of general multistage cooler configurations.

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, during 1996 97 and 1997 98, to identify the appropriate rice (Oryza sativa L.) based cropping sequences for sustainable productivity and profitability under foothills of Himalayas. Rice as base crop was sequenced in 10 feasible crop sequences, viz. wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) rice, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) rice, lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) rice, field pea (Pisum sativum . .) rice, wheat mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) green manure rice, wheat sesbania (Sesbania aculeata Pers.) green manure rice, wheat maize (Zea mays L.) cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] foddet rice (Oryza sativa L.), chickpea maize cowpea fodder rice, lentil maize cowpea fodder rice and field pea maize cowpea fodder rice sequence. The green manuring of sesbania and mungbean in rice wheat system gave an additional rice equivalent yield 1.11 and 0.9 tonneslha over wheat rice, respectively, and showed maximum land use efficiency (90.95%). Further chickpea rice sequence (10.88 tonneslha) showed its superiority to all other sequences having 2 crops. Among 300% cropping intensity, sequence chickpea maize cowpea fodder rice (13.90 tonneslha) proved most efficient in term of rice equivalent yield, production efficiency (38.09 kglha) and mean economic returns (Rs 43,992/ha), while sequence wheat maize. cowpea fodder rice was highest carbohydrate (9.68 tonneslha) and chemical energy (50.51 K cal x 10 Yha) producer among all sequences.

Field experiments were conducted at the Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during 1996/97 and 1997/98. Each experiment comprised 10 crop sequences: (a) wheat–rice, (b) chickpea–rice, (c) lentil–rice, (d) pea–rice, (e) wheat–mungbean green manure–rice, (f) wheat–Sesbania green manure–rice, (g) wheat–fodder–rice, (h) chickpea–fodder–rice, (i) lentil–fodder–rice and (j) pea–fodder–rice, in a randomized block design with four replications. The crop sequences were compared in terms of economic rice equivalent yield (REY), protein production, apparent nutrient balances and effect on soil fertility status. Amongst crop sequences involving two crops each year (200% cropping intensity), chickpea–rice gave highest REY and protein production. Of the sequences involving three crops each year (300% cropping intensity), chickpea–fodder–rice and wheat–fodder–rice were superior to others. The P balances were positive for all sequences, whereas K balances were generally negative except for sequences involving green manure legumes. Green manuring with Sesbania or mungbean helped restore soil fertility, indicating the advantage of green manure for higher productivity and sustainability of rice–wheat system. Chickpea–rice and chickpea–fodder–rice appeared promising alternatives to rice–wheat crop sequence.

A field experiement was conducted during rainy seasons of 1993-95 at Pantnagar, to assess the contribution of sowing time, vanety:method of sowing and time of weed removal on productivity of urdbean (Phaseolus mungo t.) and sustainability of treatments. Pooled seed yield reduced significantly due to late sowing, local variety, broadcast method of sowing and weed removal 6 weeks after sowing in comparison to the normal sowing, Pant U 35, line sowing and weed removal 3 weeks after sowing respectively. Maximum sustainability yield index J0.81) was recorded when Type 9 was sown late in rows in comparison to weed removal 3 weeks after sowing.

A field experiment was conducted during 1996-97 and 1397-98 an clay-loam soil at Pantnagar to identify the appropriate crop sequence for higher productivity of rainy season rice (Oryza sativa L.). The productivity of rice was measured in 10 crop Sequences, viz wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori-and Paol.)- rice, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) - rice, lentil (Lens culinaris L.)- rice, pea (Pisum sativum L.) - rice, wheat-mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) green manure-rice, wheat-sesbania (Sesbania aculeata L.) green manure-rice, wheat-maize (Zea mays L.) +cowpea (Vigna unguiculata it walp.) fodder - rice, chickpea - maize+cowpea fodder - rice, lentil - maize+cowpea fodder - rice and pea - maize+cowpea fodder - rice. Compared with wheat-rice sequence the productivity, of rice was significantly higher under wheat-mung bean (green manure)-rice and wheat-sesbania (green manure)rice sequences during both the year. On an average green manuring with mung bean or sesbania resulted in 18.39 and 13.64% increase in rice grain yield than under wheat-rice sequence (5.50 tonnes/ha). Growth parameters, viz plant height and dry-matter accumulation/hill and yield attributes, viz number of productive shoots, panicle length, number of fertile spikelets/panicle, grain weight/panicle and 1 000-grain weight were significantly higher under green mt sequences. Among other sequences chickpea-rice proved superior to wheat-rice with respect to yield and growth parameters.

The Hg-indiffusion in HgCdTe is chracterized by the time (t) dependence of the n-type skin depth (x(j)) in Hg-saturated as grown (p-type) crystals. Two representations of diffusion data in the form of log (x(j)) vs. log(t) and x(j) vs. root t plots are compared in this connection. It is argued that even small deviations from ideal diffusion law, i.e. x(j)(2) proportional to t, can be detected in the former representation while the later one may still show apparently the ideal behaviour.

The present investigations deal with the direct room temperature synthesis of magnetic composites of a copolymer with nanosized particles of Mn-Zn ferrites in different sizes. Mössbauer, X-ray diffraction and infrared studies establish the formation of nanosized particles of Mn-Zn ferrites at room temperature, the effect of concentration of zinc ions on the size and the effect of heat treatment on the size as well as phase of the magnetic particles.

Structural changes in Si(100) wafers irradiated with high energy(100-200Mev) heavy ions have been studied using X-ray topography.By choosing suitable diffraction vectors it has been possible to explore lattice distortion in the inelastic and elastic loss regions separately.No strain gradient could be detected in the inelastic loss region which extends to ≥ 20μm depth. Lateral(in-plane) strain, however,exists at the boundaries of irradiated and masked regions.The elastic loss region showed out-of-plane strain. A novel diffraction effect observed in these samples could be used to estimate the depth of this region.

TE.Coolers are now finding widespread uses in microelectronic and optoelectronic fields since the performance of various devices is critically dependent upon temperature. This paper discusses our recent results on the synthesis, growth and characterization of these alloys. Alloys with composition Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3+x (x=0-0.3) and Bi2Se0.3Te2.7+x (x=0-0.3) for p and n conductivity respectively were synthesized and grown using different cooling rates. The dependence of the microstructure of the solidified ingot on tellurium excess was studied. The thermoelectric figure of merit Z for p type materials could be optimized at similar to 2x10(-3)/K for the composition Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3.2 In n type material, Z = 2x10(-3)/K was obtained with SbI3 doping.