budgets could undermine these gains. The non-formal system has thus far proved to be ineffective and for the state to achieve genuine literacy, it is the formal sector that needs enhanced investment. This reviewer is particularly pleased with the assertion on the links between primary education and literacy. The volume is loaded with excellent analysis of every conceivable subject of policy relevance to AP politicians, bureaucrats, civil society and all other stakeholders. One hopes that the concerned higher-ups would read this volume, at least via a series of briefings from the authors.