INTRODUCTION: In the treatment and follow-up of patients with Benign Prostatic Obstruction (BPO), uroflowmetry and evaluation of post voiding residual urine volume (PVR) are of great importance. Methods such as urethral catheter and suprapubic ultrasonography are generally used to measure PVR. In this study, we aimed to compare the accuracy of urethral catheter and suprapubic ultrasonography methods in detecting PVR. METHODS: We included patients who underwent catheterisation for various clinical reasons. A total of 103 patients were included in the study. All patients were evaluated by suprapubic ultrasonography (USG) in the supine position to confirm that their bladders were empty. After 200 ml of saline was injected into the bladder with the help of a urethral catheter, the catheter was removed and the patients were instructed to urinate into a graduated cup.PVR was calculated by subtracting the volume voided by the patient from the volume injected into the bladder (200 ml).Abdominal USG was performed again within 5 minutes after voiding. Finally, the PVR values obtained were compared. RESULTS: The accuracy of urethral catheter measurements was higher than suprapubic ultrasonography (p= 0.028). The sensitivity and specificity of suprapubic ultrasonography were found to be 100% (1.000 (0.904-1.000)) and 94% (0.940 (0.856-0.977)), respectively.. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusions: USG demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity in assessing postvoid residual urine volume.

Aims: Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare, non-specific, chronic inflammatory disease with a reported incidence of 0.16-3.3% that primarily involves the mesenteric adipose tissue. We aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical features of patients diagnosed with mesenteric panniculitis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the reports of 941 patients who were examined in the Gastroenterology Clinic of Lokman Hekim Hospital and underwent abdominal computerized tomography (CT) between January 2019 and December 2021. Results: Among CT scan reports of 941 patients, the diagnosis of mesenteric panniculitis was present in 89 (9.45%) patients (55 male and 34 female). The reasons for obtaining a CT scan in those patients were as follows: severe abdominal pain in 53 (59.6%) patients, weight loss in 16 (17.9%) patients, bloating, distention, and suspicion of sub-ileus in 12 (13.5%) patients, and alterations in abdominal movements (constipation or diarrhea) in 8 (8.9%) patients. Among patients with mesenteric panniculitis, autoimmune diseases were also analyzed 21 were having Hashimoto thyroiditis, 2 were having vitiligo, 2 were having Sjögren’s disease, 1 was having primary biliary cholangiopathy, and 1 was having a diagnosis of celiac disease. Conclusion: Mesenteric panniculitis is not a very rare disease, diagnosed with mainly CT findings. Although the disease may be associated with some autoimmune diseases and malignancies, the disease outcomes are generally fine. However, there are still many unknown points, especially about the etiology and outcomes of the disease.

Background: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical features and imaging findings of 14 patients diagnosed with primary epiploic appendagitis on computed tomography (CT). Methods: Between January 2019 and August 2022, the hospital records of 14 patients were retrospectively reviewed. We recorded patients' age, gender, fever presence, blood leukocyte count (WBC), C-reactive Protein (CRP) level, localization of abdominal pain, the presence of nausea or vomiting, the involved part of the colon on CT, whether they received treatment or not, and whether they underwent surgery. Results: This study included 14 patients, 8 male and 6 female. Their ages ranged from 27 to 63 years. All patients presented with acute abdominal pain in most cases, with no elevation in body temperature or significant increase in inflammation markers. CT scan images showed a fat oval lesion corresponding to the inflamed Appendix epiploica, with a peripheral hyper-attenuated frame and a central "dot" in some cases referring to the thrombosed vessel. The patients were successfully treated with conservative methods. Conclusions: Epiploic appendagitis can mimic surgical diseases such as appendicitis and diverticulitis due to its non-specific clinical presentation. CT scan is essential in diagnosing this disease, which can be managed with more conservative treatment methods.

Radyoloji başucu serisi tıp fakültesi öğrencileri, radyoloji asistanları, radyoloji uzmanları, radyolojinin geniş ilgi alanında anlatılan konuyla ilgili diğer hekim ve sağlık personelleri için, hap formatında, her konunun en sık görülen tanılarının bulunduğu başucu veya başvuru kitabı olarak hazırlanmıştır.

Aim: Millions of people worldwide have been infected and died due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Vaccination is the most effective way to deal with the pandemic. Though vaccines are safe, they are not completely risk-free, and some side effects can occur after vaccination such as lymphadenopathy. This study, it was aimed to measure the lymph node reactivity that may develop after mRNA vaccination. Material and Method: A total of 50 healthy people were included in the study. Left axillary and supraclavicular ultrasound examinations were performed before and one week after the administration of the mRNA vaccine. Each patient was assessed for supraclavicular and level 1 axillary lymph region in terms of the presence, size (long and short axis), and cortex thickness of the lymph nodes. Results: Of the patients participating in the study, 23 (46 %) were male, 27 (54 %) were female, and the median age was 33. In comparison, the difference in long, short axis and cortex diameter measurements of the supraclavicular lymph node before and after vaccination was found to be statistically significant (p=0.034, 0.021, 0.004, respectively). Similarly, the difference in the long, short axis, and cortex thickness of the left axillary lymph node before and after vaccination was statistically significant (p<0.001, <0.001, <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Anti-Covid-19 vaccines may cause lymphadenopathy as a result of reactivation in lymph nodes in the left axillary and supraclavicular regions. When lymphadenopathy is detected in these regions, the vaccine should be questioned in the clinical history and ultrasound follow-up should be performed on the patient.

Acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a rare but serious condition that complicates chronic or acute liver diseases as well as nonhepatic causes such as drugs or bacterial infections. High ammonia levels can cause cerebral edema, altered state of consciousness, seizure, coma, or death. Acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy diagnosis frequently depends on the clinical findings. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings have gained importance in diagnosis. The insula, diffuse cerebral cortex, cingulate cortex, and thalamus are the most common sites of acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy. In this study, we discuss the MRI findings of six cases with acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy caused by different etiologies in light of the literature.

In this retrospective study, 84 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were diagnosed with RT-PCR and thorax CT findings and whose serum CRP and D-dimer levels were available were included. The study was performed in Lokman Hekim University between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020. The study was approved by the local ethics committee.

ackground and aim: It is very important to distinguish benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes and to make an early diagnosis in terms of treatment and prognosis. Ultrasonography (USG) provides an idea in the diagnosis of reactive or non-reactive lymph nodes but also provides benefits in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign. It is easily accessible, has high-resolution probes, is inexpensive, does not contain radiation, and serves as a guide in aspiration biopsy when necessary. Although fineneedle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in evaluating cervical lymph nodes, in 20% of patients it may give an ambiguous report that does not contribute to treatment. In this study, ultrasonographic findings of patients with cervical LAP diagnosed with FNAC were evaluated. The value of ultrasonographic examination in diagnosing diseases was emphasized. Materials and methods: In this study, ultrasonographic findings of 178 patients diagnosed with cervical lymphadenopathy by performing FNAC were examined. Ultrasonographic findings, shape, echogenic hilum, nodal matting, L/S ratio and intranodal necrosis characteristics of cervical nodes were evaluated and compared with FNAC diagnoses. Results: It was found statistically significant between a reactive node and ultrasonographic oval shape, metastasis and L/S ratio, presence of echogenic hilus and reactive node, nodal matting finding and tuberculosis (p<0.05). Although the presence of necrosis was detected at a higher rate in metastasis and tuberculosis than lymphoma and reactive node, it was not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is thought that B-mode ultrasonography, which has high specificity and sensitivity, is a successful imaging method and can be used frequently in the differential diagnosis of diseases in all patients presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy. In this way, unnecessary biopsy, excision and further examination examinations are prevented. Keywords: cervical lenfadenopathy; ultrasonographic findings; adults.

Amaç: Böbrek nakli, son dönem böbrek yetmezliği olan hastaların çoğunda tercih edilen tedavi yöntemi haline gelmiştir. Renal allogreft biyopsisi böbrek nakli disfonksiyonunun tanısında en önemli tekniktir. Bu çalışmada, radyolojik görüntüleme ışığında renal transplant hastalarında histopatolojik değerlendirme ve komplikasyon tipleri ve sıklığının araştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, Ocak 2000 ve Aralık 2007 tarihleri arasında böbrek biyopsisi yapılan renal transplantasyonlu hastaların histopatolojik biyopsi sonuçları, kalsinörin inhibitörü ilaç düzeyi ile toksisite gelişimi arasındaki ilişki açısından değerlendirildi. Ayrıca biyopsi ile ilişkili komplikasyonlar araştırıldı. Bulgular: Toplam 386 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi ve bu hastalara 843 biyopsi yapıldı. Doku miktarı 812 biyopside (% 96) yeterli, 6 biyopside (% 1) yetersiz ve 27 biyopside (% 3) sınırlı ancak histopatolojik değerlendirme için yeterli bulunmuştur. Akut ret, tübüler epitel hasarı ve kronik allogreft nefropati en sık konulan tanılardı. Biyopsilerin komplikasyonları 4 biyopside makroskopik hematüri (%0.57), 6 biyopside perirenal hematom (% 1) ve 1 biyopside arteriyovenöz fistül (% 0.15) idi. Sonuç: Böbrek allogreft disfonksiyonunu değerlendirmek için nakil yapılan hastalarda böbrek biyopsisi çok düşük komplikasyon oranına sahip güvenli bir yöntemdir.

We present a 19-year-old asymptomatic female patient in whom isolated pulmonary supravalvular stenosis and pulmonary artery aneurysm were incidentally detected. On cardiologic examination, a systolic murmur was heard over the lungs, right axis deviation was seen on the electrocardiogram, and marked appearance of the pulmonary artery was noted on the chest X-ray. On transthoracic echocardiography, the pulmonary artery trunk was found to be wider than normal, and there were mild pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitation. Color Doppler examination showed a turbulent flow 2 cm distal to the pulmonary valve. Transesophageal echocardiography showed a supravalvular membranous structure and a proximal pulmonary artery aneurysm. The pulmonary artery trunk was measured as 40 mm at the widest part. Thoracic computed tomography revealed that the proximal pulmonary artery aneurysm was localized to the pulmonary artery trunk and measured 41 mm. As the patient was asymptomatic and there were no signs of aneurysmatic compression or a left-to-right shunt, and due to the presence of a relatively low gradient (16 mmHg) across the stenotic area, she was scheduled to regular radiologic control.

Paranasal schwannomas are uncommon lesions, representing less than 4% of all head and neck schwannomas. They give rise to nonspecific symptoms such as nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia. Imaging features are generally nonspecific. Here, we present the radiologic features of a benign schwannoma of the middle turbinate with dural invasion in a 71-year-old woman.

Background: Postoperative remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH) as a complication of lumbar spinal Surgery is an increasingly recognized clinical entity. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of RCH after lumbar spinal surgery and to describe diagnostic imaging findings of RCH.Methods: Between October 1996 and March 2007,2444 patients who had undergone lumbar spinal surgery were included in the Study. Thirty-seven of 2444 patients were scanned by CT or MRI due to neurologic symptoms within the first 7 days of postoperative period. The data of all the patients were studied with regard to the following variables: incidence of RCH after lumbar spinal surgery, gender and age, coagulation parameters, history of previous arterial hypertension, and position of lumbar spinal surgery.Results: The retrospective study led to the identification of two patients who had RCH after lumbar spinal surgery. Of 37 patients who had neurologic symptoms, 29 patients were women and 8 patients were men. CT and MRI showed subarachnoid hemorrhage in the folia of bilateral cerebellar hemispheres in both patients with RCH. The incidence of RCH was 0.08% among patients who underwent lumbar spinal Surgery.Conclusion: RCH is a rare complication of lumbar spinal surgery, self-limiting phenomenon that should not be mistaken for more ominous pathologic findings such as hemorrhagic infarction. This type of bleeding is thought to occur secondary to venous infarction, but the exact pathogenetic mechanism is unknown. CT or MRI allowed immediate diagnosis of this complication and guided conservative management. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

PURPOSE:To assess the frequency of abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-related complications.MATERIALS AND METHODS:CT examinations of 42 patients (23 females and 19 males; median age, 46.5 years; age range, 22-70 years) with end-stage renal disease receiving CAPD were investigated retrospectively. CT examinations were performed with a suspicion of CAPD-related complications who were admitted to dialysis unit with various complaints. Images were obtained from the level of the dome of the diaphragm to the pelvis with an 8-mm slice thickness before and after intravenous contrast injection. Oral contrast material was performed in 17 of these patients. CT peritoneography was performed in one patient.RESULTS:Complications of CAPD detected on CT studies included peritoneal thickening (n = 19; 45.7%), peritoneal calcifications (n = 2; 4.7%), peritoneal enhancement (n = 2; 4.7%); intraperitoneal loculation of fluids (n = 16; 38.1%), dilatation of bowels secondary to adhesions (n = 3; 7.1%); leakage of dialysis fluid adjacent to the entry site of the CAPD catheter (n = 6; 14.3%)(leaked dialysis fluid was loculated near the catheter in 4 of these patients); abscesses (n = 3; 7.1%); hernias (n = 5; 11.9%); hematomas (n = 5; 11.9%); tuberculous lymphadenitis (n = 2; 4.7%); bowel perforation (n = 2; 4.7%); ischemic bowel disease (n = 1; 2.4%); acute pancreatitis (n = 2; 4.7%); and catheter malposition (n = 1; 2.4%).CONCLUSION:CT of abdomen is useful in detection of CAPD-related complications. Peritoneal thickening and intraperitoneal loculation of fluids due to peritonitis were the most common complications of CAPD detected on abdominal CT.

Primary intrahepatic rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare in children. Here, we describe a case of embryonal botryoid-type rhabdomyosarcoma in the liver of a 6-year-old boy. The patient presented with an abdominal mass and there were no abnormal findings on serological and biochemical testing. Preoperative imaging studies revealed a large mass in the left lobe of the liver and no lesions elsewhere in the abdomen. The tumor was removed via an extensive left hepatectomy. Histological examination confirmed a botryoid variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography are valuable for preoperative planning and for post-surgical follow-up in cases of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Wild mushroom poisoning occurs quite frequently in Turkey, usually during late summer and autumn when climatic conditions favour fungal growth. We report the MDCT findings of the liver in three children after mushroom poisoning. In all three patients, precontrast MDCT findings showed diffuse reduction of hepatic attenuation compared with the spleen. Contrast-enhanced MDCT images showed homogeneous contrast enhancement of the liver. All three patients recovered after medical treatment. A follow-up precontrast MDCT examination was performed in one patient in whom the density of the liver parenchyma had returned to normal.

In pediatric liver transplantation postoperative diagnosis of complications is crucial for graft salvage. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a technique to evaluate complications. In this study we present nonvascular abdominal complications encountered in pediatric recipients after liver transplantation. We retrospectively examined 113 MDCT examinations in 43 pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation between 1997 and 2005. Computed tomography (CT) examinations were made by a 16-detector multislice CT scanner. The pathological findings on CT images were: intraperitoneal free fluid, intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, graft liver infarction, perihepatic and intraperitoneal fluid collections (six biloma), colonic and/or intestinal dilatation, splenic infarction, perihepatic hematoma, right adrenal hemorrhage, perihepatic abscess, incisional hernia, intrahepatic biloma and periportal collar. In one patient intestinal hemorrhage was suspected. Intestinal perforation was suspected in three patients. Among these three patients, one patient died before any surgical intervention. In two patients the diagnosis was confirmed at surgery. In pediatric patients, the short examination time, brief sedation duration, and high-resolution images make MDCT an effective radiological method to evaluate nonvascular transplant complications.

Brain metastasis of osteosarcoma is uncommon. In this report, we present a 21-year-old man with calcified brain metastasis of the osteosarcoma of the left proximal tibia following pulmonary relapse. Cranial computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a single calcified mass lesion involving the right temporal, parietal and occipital lobes with surrounding vasogenic edema and significant mass effect on the midline structures.