Plant extracts are a viable alternative to conventional medications for erectile dysfunction. They are used to increase sexual desire and performance. Numerous herbs are now being used to treat erectile dysfunction in modern medicine and folklore. They are frequently called aphrodisiacs. Aphrodisiac agents of plant origin are substances obtained from different plants that are thought to boost sexual pleasure, performance, or desire. All across the continents of the world, numerous cultures have employed plants and herbal treatments for their alleged aphrodisiac effects throughout history. It is important to note that scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of many of these agents as aphrodisiacs can be limited and inconsistent. The major problem accompanying them is the unknown mechanism of action and the bioactive constituent responsible for their actions. This chapter reports the documented aphrodisiac agents of plant origin, across continents, and the bioactive components that are likely responsible for their sex-enhancing action in males.

Background: Infertility is an important issue for couples that may cause various psychological and emotional problems. Female infertility disorders play a major role in approximately 50-80% of the causes of infertility in various areas in Nigeria. Moringa oleifera has been proposed as a plant with female fertility enhancement effects. The objective of this study was to assess the fertility-improving effects of ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaf and to determine the phytochemical components causing these effects by in silico analyses. Methods: The in vitro effects on fertility were evaluated using Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) because of its genetic similarities to humans. The copulation duration, mating latency, and the number of emergences from the fruit fly after mating were determined. Three doses (0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% w/w) of the M. oleifera ethanol extract were administered to three different groups, while a control group only received feed mixed with ethanol. For in silico studies, 62 compounds were obtained from the PubChem library by mining compounds from articles related to M. oleifera. Next, a ligand library was generated and docked against various targets of interest (estrogen, progesterone, kisspeptin, liver X, PPARG, and 15-PGDH receptors as well as 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and insulin-degrading enzymes) which have female fertility-enhancing effects. Results: The in vivo experiments showed that M. oleifera had no effect on copulation duration and mating latency, but interestingly, it enhanced the fertility/emergence of the treated fruit flies. In silico studies suggested that phytochemicals such as rutin, marumoside B, myricetin, and quercetin showed docking scores that may well support previous works on M. oleifera enhancement of female fertility. Conclusion: The results showed that M. oleifera can enhance fertility in female fruit flies.

Background: Oxidative stress may be a causative factor for bisphenol A (BPA) -induced hepatotoxicity. Glutamine (GM) is an amino acid with the ability to inhibit oxidative stress. Objective: This study evaluated the ability of GM to prevent BPA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Adult Wistar rats of both sexes (n=30) were used. The rats were randomly grouped into six of five rats each. Groups A (Control), B, and C were treated with normal saline (0.2 mL), GM (80 mg/kg), and BPA (50 mg/kg), respectively for 60 days. Groups D-F were treated with GM (20 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), GM (40 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), and GM (80 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), respectively for 60 days. After treatment, blood and liver samples were obtained for biochemical and histological assessments, respectively. Results: Significantly (P<0.01) decreased body weight and significantly (P<0.01) increased liver weight occurred in the BPA-administered group when compared to the control group. The BPA-administered group showed significantly (P<0.001) elevated serum total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, aminotransferases, conjugated bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and liver malondialdehyde concentrations when compared to the control group. Significantly (P<0.001) decreased liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione levels occurred in the PBA-administered group when compared to the control group. BPA caused hepatocyte necrosis, sinusoids, and central vein congestion. BPA-induced hepatotoxicity was reversed by GM; 20 mg/kg (P<0.05), 40 mg/kg (P<0.01), and 80 mg/kg (P<0.001) in a dose-related fashion when compared to BPA. Conclusion: GM may be effective against BPA-associated hepatotoxicity.

Abstract Background: The root of Waltheria indica is used in Nigeria to enhance libido. This study evaluated the aphrodisiac potential and toxicological profile of ethanol root extract (EEWI) in male Wistar rats. Methods: The aphrodisiac potential was evaluated on the 7th and 14th days of oral administration of graded doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) of EEWI. Anxiolytic properties were evaluated on the 7th day, while memory retention properties were evaluated on the 14th, 21st, and 28th days. Sperm parameters, toxicological profile, and antioxidant potential were evaluated on the 28th day. The in vitro antioxidant property was also evaluated. Results: In a dose-dependent manner, the extract increased mounting frequency and intromission frequency but significantly decreased mount and intromission latencies (p<0.001) on the 7th and 14th day of treatment. It prolonged ejaculatory latency. Anxiolytic and memory studies showed that the extract compared agreed with standards. Toxicologically, it was observed that all the doses used neither caused death nor any gross toxicological symptom. A significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in the concentrations of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as hematological parameters such as red blood cells and hemoglobin. A significant reduction in total sperm and motile sperm cell counts was observed in rats given the highest dose. Conclusion: The extract possesses aphrodisiac action and is relatively safe. The antioxidant property may accentuate the aphrodisiac and anti-anemic use in ethnomedicine.

Background: The induction of testicular toxicity by bisphenol A (BPA) may involve oxidative stress. Glutamine (Gln) is a rate limiter for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which inhibits oxidative stress. Aim: This study assessed the potential of BPA to preserve testicular structure and function in BPA-treated albino rats. Study Settings and Design: Thirty-two adult male albino rats (210–250 g) were randomly allocated to 4 (A-D) of 8 rats per group with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee. Materials and Methods: Groups B-D were orally treated with Gln (20 mg/kg body weight), BPA (50 mg/kg body weight) and Gln (20 mg/kg body weight) + BPA (50 mg/kg body weight) daily for 65 days, respectively. Group A (control) was orally treated with normal saline (0.2 mL) daily for 65 days. At the termination of treatment, the rats were weighed and anaesthetized blood samples were collected and evaluated for gonadal hormones. The testes were weighed and evaluated for sperm parameters, oxidative stress markers and histology. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: BPA caused a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in testis and body weights, sperm count, volume, motility and normal morphology when compared to the control. BPA significantly (P < 0.001) decreased serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, testicular catalase, superoxide dismutase, GSH and GSH peroxidase levels relative to control. Significantly (P < 0.001) increased serum prolactin, estradiol and testicular malondialdehyde levels occurred in BPA-treated rats relative to control. The testes of BPA-treated rats showed sloughing and coalescence of germ cells. However, Gln supplementation prevents BPA-induced testicular toxicity. Gln supplementation restored testis histology. Conclusion: Based on the observation in this study, Gln seems effective against BPA-induced testicular toxicity.

Background and objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) can impair kidney function via oxidative stress. Glutamine (Gln) is an amino acid with antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. This study assessed the protective activity of Gln against BPA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats (200-230g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (each containing 5 rats). The rats were orally treated daily for 60 days as follows: Groups A (Control), B, and C were treated with normal saline (0.2 mL), Gln (80 mg/kg), and BPA (50 mg/kg), respectively. Groups D-F were supplemented with 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg of Gln before treatment with BPA (50 mg/kg), respectively. Blood samples were collected and serum renal biochemical markers were measured. The kidneys were weighed and evaluated for oxidative stress markers and histological changes. Results: Administration of BPA decreased body weight (p<0.01) and increased kidney weight (p<0.01) when compared with the control group. The BPA-induced alterations in serum renal biochemical markers were accompanied by elevated urea (p<0.001), creatinine (p<0.001), and uric acid levels (p<0.001) as well as decreased electrolytes (p<0.01) when compared with the control group. Altered kidney oxidative stress markers caused by BPA were marked by a significant decrease in glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels (p<0.001) with a significant increase in malondialdehyde levels (p<0.001) compared with the control group. Moreover, BPA caused kidney tubular necrosis, widened bowman’s space, collapsed glomerulus, and lipid accumulation. However, supplementation with Gln (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) significantly reversed the BPA-induced nephrotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner compared with the BPA group. Furthermore, different doses of Gln restored kidney histology. Conclusion: Based on the results, Gln may have clinical protective effects against BPA-associated nephrotoxicity.

Indiscriminate use of pesticides to boost agricultural produce and in public health to control pests has raised the emphasis on pesticide residue levels in foods.This study analyzed the pesticides residue levels in some common food crops consumed in Nigeria, and ascertained their suitability for human consumption.The samples were analyzed for the presence of 15 organochlorine and 10 carbamate pesticide residues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The residual pesticides levels and hazard index in the different food crops were compared with WHO established maximum residual levels (MRL) for the pesticides.The results showed no detectable levels of pesticides in the yam samples.Beans samples, contained hexachlorobenzene and its median level (0.025 mg/kg) was greater than the MRL (0.01 mg/kg).A total of 14 (56%) different pesticides were detected in each of red and green apples, 10 (40%) in pepper and 3 (12%) in rice.The most occurring pesticides in the crops were propachlor, endosulfan-1 and hexachlorobenzene.The median pesticides contents in pepper were greater than their respective MRLs.Organochlorine pesticides are still being used in cultivation of crops, or in storage of food crops and also in some imported plant foods.Crop contents of pesticides found were below the estimated life time exposure (mg/kg/day) of 65 kg man as well as the hazard index of 1.This may pose no immediate risks to human health, but long term effects should be considered.

Microplastics have become a significant environmental concern. However, information on toxicity of microplastics in terrestrial organisms is limited. In this study, the chronic toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the reproductive system and serum antioxidants of male albino Wistar rats fed for 90 days with standard rat feed containing 1-10% granules of crushed polystyrene disposable plates were evaluated. Significant reductions in volume, motility, epididymal sperm count and serum testosterone level were observed. Histological examination of testicular architecture showed distorted testes with vacuolated seminiferous tubules at the highest percentage, together with increased catalase and decreased superoxide dismutase activities. This study showed that ingestion of PS-MPs caused reproductive dysfunction in male rats and contributes to understanding the potential toxicity of microplastics in terrestrial animals.

This study investigated the ingestion of microplastics by silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from New Calabar River in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Microplastics from the guts of 45 fish were examined with microscope after dissolution with potassium hydroxide. Microplastics, mostly fragments were found in about 56% of the samples at an average of 3.87±5.97 particles per fish. This study highlights the consequences of plastic pollution in freshwater environment and the potential risk to aquatic and human life. This also shows a potential threat to public health and therefore needs attention from health and environmental policy makers.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) took the world by storm and triggered intensive research mobilization and action towards vaccines and drug repurposing. This pandemic triggered an emergence therapy intervention of which the development of new vaccine and drug repurposing were good options that was to be validated by regulatory authorities for potential use for enhancing acquired immunity for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Prior to the outbreak that led to the global health emergency intervention, an understanding of the viral architecture, pathophysiology and mechanism of action and functions were well established. The global health disaster caused by COVID-19 has generated significant interest globally for research in vaccine discovery and development by many research institutions and Pharmaceutical sectors since 2019. So far, the approval of many clinical trials tested vaccines by the regulatory authorities have led to the need for post approval concerns of efficacy, safety and quality of these approved vaccines. This review paper attempts to explore the vaccines approved for global access to the population discovery and development process, the potential safety implications. An insight into other therapy options such as the convalescence plasma treatment and management for the global COVID-19 pandemic has been reviewed.

Because of poor sanitary practices and a lack of knowledge about proper hygiene, meat vendors' aprons and tables could be potential sources of cross-infection of many public health bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria isolates obtained from meat vendors' aprons and tables. 100 fresh swabs from meat vendors' aprons and tables were streaked on Eosin methylene blue, Cetrimide, and MacConkey agar and identified by the biochemical test. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was evaluated on Mueller Hinton agar using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 100 samples processed, 66 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. Klebsiella pneumoniae (74.24%) was the dominant gram-negative isolates, followed by E. coli (18.18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.55%), and Proteus sp (3.03%) respectively. The isolates from the tables recorded 100% resistance to Erythromycin and Cloxacillin with the highest sensitivity to Ofloxacin (66.7%) followed by Gentamicin (50%) while the isolates from aprons were 100% resistant to Augmentin and Cloxacillin followed by cefuroxime (93.3%) and Erythromycin (90%) with the highest sensitivity to Ofloxacin (100%) followed by Gentamicin (33.3%). This study confirmed the presence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria on the apron, and the levels of contamination detected on the aprons and tables used by meat vendors in Elele market presented an inadequate microbiological standard and quality. It is critical to implement proper orientation and workshops to educate meat vendors on standard practices to be followed when handling meat.

Background and purpose: An aqueous extract from the root bark of Pseudocedrela kotschyi and aerial parts of Adenia cissampeloides has been proven in previous research to elicit significant anticoagulant property in vitro. This, therefore, indicates the potential usefulness of this extract in managing thromboembolic disease, a major global health risk. The aim of the present work was to establish the antithrombotic effect of a product made from extracts of the root bark of P. kotschyi and the aerial parts of A. cissampeloides (PAE).Experimental approach: The effect of PAE at 500-2000 mg/kg in inhibiting tail infarction and inflammation, as well as its effect on the microthrombi count, hematological, and coagulation profiles in a carrageenan-induced thrombosis model in Sprague-Dawley rats, was studied.Findings/Results: PAE significantly (P ≤ 0.01-0.001) reduced length of tail infarction and inflammation (redness, swelling, pain, and temperature). Histopathological studies revealed a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.0001) in microthrombi count in the liver and the lungs with PAE treatment. PAE treatment caused a marginal (P ≤ 0.01) increase in prothrombin time but resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.01-0.0001) dose-dependent increase in activated partial thromboplastin time, with the hematological profile being normal.Conclusion and implications: PAE showed anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects in vivo, indicative of its potential benefit as a natural product, and cost-effective therapeutic option, and hence could be helpful in thromboembolic therapies.

This study aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant potentials of Cannabis sativa and its possible mechanism using the in vivo and in-silico models. A total of 20 male albino mice was used for this study and were divided randomly into five groups. Group 1 as negative control receiving 0.2ml 0f 10% ethanol only, and groups 2 and 3, received 200mg/kg/ body weight low dose of C. Sativa extract and 400mg/kg bw low dose of C. sativa extract, while groups 4 received 50 mg/kg body weight of phenobarbitone and group 5 received 50 mg/kg body weight of phenobarbitone+ 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract. Administration of C. Sativa extract was done via orogastric feeding; GABA-ergicseizure, was induced by administration of 80 mg/kg/bodyweight of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) via the intra-peritoneal route to all the groups. This was done about thirty minutes after the administration of treatment agents. Each animal was observed individually for one hour to determine the onset of muscular jerks and tonic hind limb extensions and death. Animal study results revealed that C. sativa may likely possess’ anticonvulsant potentials as It is significantly seizure latency and death in PTZ treated mice. For the in silico studies, about 49 compounds of C. sativa were obtained from the PubChem library and were docked on various targets site of proteins; Glutaminase, 4-Aminobtyrate Aminotransferase, Perioxisome proliferator Activated receptor (PPAR), Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Gama amino butyric acid –A receptor (GABA-A), Histone deacetylases (HDAC), Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amido transferase and human GAFT-1. Furthermore, the in-silico study revealed that compounds like Cannabisin A and D showed anticonvulsant potential activation of GABA.

Depression also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder of public health concern that should be properly and immediately treated because a poor medical follow up can lead to suicide resulting to death or major body self-infliction of harm. Prediction of the phytochemical compounds in honey on neurotransmitters and enzymes involved in depression were investigated by in-silico studies. This research was done to create docking scores, predict pharmacodynamics of honey and to identify the potential oral drugs used for the treatment of depression Studies have shown that honey and related by products like propolisto be very useful in the treatment of depression. In this preclinical research, animal models was used to demonstrate the antidepressant effect of honey on female albino mice. These tests included tail suspension test and forced swim test, during which they were shared into four groups. From the results obtained honey showed a promising antidepressant activity together with a better synergism with imipramine.

Solenostemon monostachyus is commonly used in folkloric treatment of many ailments including erectile dysfunction.In this study, its aphrodisiac component and underlying mechanism were investigated.Behavioural evaluation was done, following the oral administration of three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of S. monostachyus, sildenafil citrate (Viagra) and corn oil were used as positive and negative controls respectively.Mounting, intromission and ejaculation frequencies, mating performance, and orientation activities towards females.Result showed a striking effect in male rats.Molecular docking was done and heat map generated to probe the likely mechanism of action as invivo studies compared with sildenafil.A library containing 45 phytocompounds previously characterized from S. monostachyus was generated and docked (Autodock Vina) into homology models of Arginase II, Phosphodiesterase 5 and Aromatase.From the docking result above, PDE 5 was identified as a major target for two key compounds, Chicoric acid and Hesperidine.Although the latter violated more than two rules of the Lipinski's rule of oral drug. Conclusion:The results of this study support that Chicoric acids from S. monostachyus may inhibit the activity of PDE5, leading to relaxation of erectile smooth muscles.This finding may underscore the aphrodisiac potency of S .monostachyus

Background: The uses of toxicologically unscreened plants to enhance fertility can be associated with adverse consequences. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ethanolic stem back extract of X. aethiopica (EEXA) on the fertility indices of male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty male albino rats (weighing 200-250 gr) were grouped and administered by gavage with 200-800 mg/kg of EEXA daily for 15, 30, and 60 days. After the administration of EEXA, the rats were weighed and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected, serum samples were extracted, and evaluated for testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, estradiol, luteinizing hormone and progesterone levels. The testes, epididymis, and prostrate were harvested, weighed and testes were evaluated for sperm parameters. Results: Significant increase in body weight (p = 0.02) with significant decreases in testes (p = 0.01), epididymis (p = 0.01), and prostate (p = 0.02) weights occurred in rats administered with EEXA when compared to the control group. Significant (p < 0.001) dose and time-dependent decreases in sperm count, volume, motility, and normal morphology were obtained in rats administered with EEXA when compared to the control group. However, there were no significant (p > 0.05) effects on sperm pH when compared to control. Furthermore, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and testosterone levels were significantly decreased whereas serum prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone levels were significantly increased in a dose-dependent fashion in rats administered with EEXA when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings in this study showed that the use of X. aethiopica may be detrimental to male reproduction function.

Impairment in testicular function can occur through perturbations in testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. Xylopia aethiopica (XE) is used to enhance fertility in males, but with information gap on its effect on testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. The present study assessed the effects of ethanolic stem bark extract of Xylopia aethiopica (EEXA) on testicular oxidative stress markers and histology of male albino rats. Sixty adult male albino rats (200g-250g) were randomly grouped into 4 (A-D) of 15 rats per group. The rats in the control group A (A1-A3) were administered per oral (p.o) with water (0.2 mL/day) for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats in groups B (B1-B3), C(C1-C3) and D (D1-D3) were administered p.o with EEXA (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day) for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats were anesthetized at the termination of EEXA administration and were dissected and testes removed. The testes were weighed and evaluated for oxidative stress markers and histology. Testicular weights were decreased in a dose and-time dependent fashion in EEXA-treated rats. Significant decreases in testicular superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels with significant increases in malondialdehyde levels in a dose and time-dependent fashion were observed in rats administered with EEXA. Testicular histology showed cellular necrosis, degeneration and loss of interstitial tissues in rats administered with EEXA. This study observed that EEXA perturbed testicular oxidative markers and histology. Its use may impair testicular function.

Chrysophyllum albidum (C. albidum) is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes, but there is a paucity of scientific evidence to support its use. This study investigated the effect of the ethanolic extract of Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark (EECA) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into groups and treated with 100-200 mg/kg EECA for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. Metformin (150 mg/kg) was used as the standard control. Blood samples were collected at the end of treatment for glucose test, while serum samples were extracted and assessed for high density lipoprotein (LDLC), triglyceride (TG) low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and total cholesterol (TC). Pancreas was excised and evaluated for oxidative stress indexes. Blood glucose, serum TG, LDL-C and TC levels were significantly (p<0.001) increased whereas HDL-C levels were significantly (p<0.001) decreased in diabetic rats when compared to non-diabetic. Also, pancreatic malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p<0.001) increased whereas superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly (p<0.001) decreased in diabetic rats when compared to non-diabetic control. However, alterations in the aforementioned parameters were reversed significantly in a dose and time-dependent fashion in diabetic rats treated with 100 mg/kg (p<0.05), 200 mg/kg (p<0.01) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001) of EECA for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively when compared to diabetic control. EECA showed potential as remedy for diabetes which supports its use in folklore for the treatment of diabetes.

Ethno pharmacological relevance: People in Nigeria and all over the world, use this plant preparations, for various therapeutic purposes, in folklore medicine. The aim of the study is to obtain the sub chronic nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic information on this plant. Aim of study: Obtain nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic information regarding traditional use of plants. Materials and methods: 32 male rats were grouped into 4 groups i.e. Group I (had no treatment), Group II (200 mg/kg body weight of extract), Group III (400 mg/kg body weight of extract) and Group IV (800 mg/kg body weight of extract) for a period of 28 days. On 14th and 28th day, three rats were sacrificed in each group and blood samples were obtained for kidney and hepatic function tests. Result: It showed that there was a significant increase in weight, p<0.01 in Group III, but p<0.05. There was no significant effect on the kidney function parameters except for Urea at 200 and 400 mg/kg. Liver function tests, showed that ALP, AST and ALT were significantly reduced, p<0.001 compared to the control Conclusion: It is possible therefore, to infer that the sub chronic toxicity study of X. aethiopica stem on liver and kidney has a toxic potential at high doses as it showed significant differences on some biomarkers of the kidney and liver functions. Moreover, the photomicrograph showed some slight histological alterations in both organs.

Background: Musa paradisiaca peel is used in folklore for the treatment of inflammation and pains without any scientific evidence. Objective: The present study, therefore, evaluated the safety, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the methanolic extract of M. paradisiaca peel. Methods: The methanolic extract of M. paradisiaca was administered orally in three different doses; 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg to Sprague Dawley rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of M. paradisiaca peel was tested in egg albumin-induced paw edema and compared to ibuprofen (25 mg/kg). The analgesic effect was evaluated using formalin-induced paw licking and acetic acid-induced writhing and compared to indomethacin (10 mg/kg). Also, after 21 days of extract administration rats were sacrificed serum was extracted from blood and evaluated for liver, renal function indices and lipid profile. Kidney and liver were excised and weighed. Results: The methanolic extract of M. paradisiaca produced analgesia and decreased inflammation significantly (p 0.05) effects on organ weight, serum alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, conjugated bilirubin, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, glucose, creatinine, urea, uric acid, total protein, albumin, and serum electrolytes  when compared to control. Conclusion: This study observed that the methanolic extract of M. paradisiaca peel has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and may be safe with use. Key words: Musa paradisiaca, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, toxicity, rats