Reviewed by: Bad Mexicans: Race, Empire, and Revolution in the Borderlands by Kelly Lytle Hernández Benjamin Johnson Bad Mexicans: Race, Empire, and Revolution in the Borderlands. By Kelly Lytle Hernández. (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2022. Pp. 372. Illustrations, appendix, notes, index.) Ricardo Flores Magón died a lonely and grim death in 1922 in the Leavenworth, Kansas, federal penitentiary after years of ill health and fading eyesight. The ignominy of his departure from this world belies the enormous impact that Flores Magón and his circle, the Magonistas, had on Mexico and the borderlands it shares with the United States. In this compelling and accessible synthesis of the Magonista movement, Kelly Lytle Hernández traces the lives and politics of Flores Magón and his brother from their beginnings in southern Mexico to exile in the United States (including several years in Laredo and San Antonio) and their remarkable success in starting a revolution, which overthrew the western hemisphere’s longest-running regime and opened new possibilities for dignity and security for millions living in Mexico and its northern borderlands. Ricardo and his brother Enrique were born in the 1870s to parents who met while supporting Mexican forces against an invading French army in Puebla in 1863—ironically, the battle during which Porfirio Díaz first came into prominence. The young men’s growing dissatisfaction with Díaz’s regime (1876–1911) for its stifling of democracy and exploitation of Mexico’s masses and the brothers’ fostering of independent journalism and politics are the book’s early subjects. The narrative follows the Magonista circles, including Praxedis Guerrero, Librado Rivera, Antonio Villareal, and Juan Sarabia, into the United States in 1905. Here the focus is on their search for a viable base—Laredo, San Antonio, St. Louis, and ultimately Los Angeles—from which to publish their newspaper Regeneración and form a political and ultimately armed movement to bring down the Díaz regime. The Mexican and United States governments spied on them extensively (in the process generating some of the key documentation for Lytle Hernández and the scholars she relies on), trying to use the law and sometimes extralegal violence to stop the men and women whom Díaz rightly came to regard as the greatest threats to the continuation of his rule. Ricardo was sentenced to prison twice, the second time in 1918 for violating the notorious Espionage Act. As can be readily ascertained from the author’s frequent and generous acknowledgements of previous scholarship, Bad Mexicans is a work that rests on a foundation of more focused and archivally driven studies of the Magonistas, political movements likes anarchism and socialism, Mexican American social history, and anti-Díaz politics. Lytle Hernández’s primary achievement is to tell the story of the Magonistas as a compelling, even riveting, narrative of conspiracy, pursuit, suffering, and triumph that crosses much of North America. Her sympathy for her insurgent subjects is un-stated but clear; the book is very effective in evoking empathy and solidarity [End Page 404] with the struggle against state oppression and economic exploitation in both Mexico and the U.S. Southwest. She gracefully puts the Magonistas in conversation with the largest developments in both Mexican and United States history. Yet the author refuses to blind herself to Ricardo Flores Magón’s sexism, homophobia, and penchant for vindictiveness, all of which not only led to his estrangement from former comrades, but also at times hampered his movement and its ability to achieve its central goal, the overthrow of the Díaz dictatorship. Bad Mexicans thus embodies the large scope and judiciousness that one hopes for from a synthetic account. It also comes with some of the familiar costs of painting a picture on such a large canvas. The author’s attention is more on action—political organizing, military preparations, surveil-lance, and repression—than on social or ideological analysis. Borderlands specialists will not find new arguments or information about such topics as economic changes, imperialism, and race or ideas of nationalism, race, and gender. Some may find the treatment of segregation and race in South Texas to be somewhat reductive. But they...

Book Review| May 01 2023 Review: Both Sides Now: Writing the Edges of the North American West, by Sheila McManus Both Sides Now: Writing the Edges of the North American West. By Sheila McManus. (College Station, Texas A & M University Press, 2022. 224 pp.). Benjamin H. Johnson Benjamin H. Johnson Loyola University Chicago Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (2023) 92 (2): 306–308. https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.306 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Benjamin H. Johnson; Review: Both Sides Now: Writing the Edges of the North American West, by Sheila McManus. Pacific Historical Review 1 May 2023; 92 (2): 306–308. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.306 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search In this slender yet substantive volume, Sheila McManus offers a historiographic account of recent scholarship on the Mexico-U.S. and western Canada-U.S. borders. McManus achieves the difficult feat of writing an account that is historiographically oriented yet rooted in the actual histories of these places, accessible yet rigorous, and even-handed in its description of scholarship but also helpfully proscriptive. “Borderlands have long memories,” the author proclaims in the book’s evocative first sentence, “they remember and reveal the messy, uneven, contested history of the constructed nature of the national spaces” (p. 1). In an introduction that traces the history of studying the regions that became international borderlands in the nineteenth century, McManus urges historians to “craft inclusive comparative frameworks” by examining the ways borderlands “retain their unique characteristics” and by focusing on the methodology of such studies (p. 3). The five body chapters that follow are both thematic and roughly chronological, serving... You do not currently have access to this content.

Walter Prescott Webb (1888–1963) was, during his life, a towering figure in the US historical profession, particularly among those interested in the West. The author of four major scholarly works and the editor of many influential volumes (including the Handbook of Texas, which he established, and the Southwestern Historical Quarterly), Webb received two Guggenheim Fellowships and numerous honorary degrees. He served as President of the American Historical Association in 1958. Flags were lowered to half-mast on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin upon his death. A Texan’s Story was written in 1942–43 while Webb served as the Harmsworth Professor of American History at Oxford University. The manuscript, left in his papers at the University of Texas, was known to some scholars and consulted over the years, and Webb seems to have drawn on portions of it for his AHA presidential address as well as other lectures and publications. It appears here in print for the first time, edited and ably placed in the context of Webb’s career.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonizes, survives, and grows inside macrophages. In vitro macrophage infection models, using both primary macrophages and cell lines, enable the characterization of the pathogen response to macrophage immune pressure and intracellular environmental cues. We describe methods to propagate and infect primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, HoxB8 conditionally immortalized myeloid cells, Max Planck Institute alveolar macrophage-like cells, and J774 and THP-1 macrophage-like cell lines. We also present methods on the characterization of M. tuberculosis intracellular survival and the preparation of infected macrophages for imaging.

The effects of stress and parenting on 1-year trajectories of physiological emotion regulation capacity among adolescents were examined. Consistent with the vulnerability-stress and allostatic load models, stress (chronic family and marital) was hypothesized to be associated with less favorable trajectories of basal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) over 1 year. This relationship was further hypothesized to be moderated by parenting practices (warmth, neglect, and rejection) and adolescent sex. Participants included 150 adolescents (51.3% female), 11-15 years of age (M = 13.04, SD = 0.89). Basal RSA and stress were assessed four times across 1 year. Results indicated a significant decrease in RSA over the course of 1 year (β = -0.15, p = .010). Warm parenting style was associated with lower RSA in environments of low marital stress and was also related with higher RSA in environments of high marital stress (β = 0.86, p = .021). Rejecting parenting styles were associated with higher RSA in environments of low family stress and lower RSA in environments of high family stress (β = -0.60, p = .014). These findings may be explained by the Yerkes-Dodson law of optimal stress, suggesting that sufficient environmental challenge is needed to catalyze regulatory development.

The moniker "Gilded Age" invokes questions of wealth, class, and political economy. When paired with a subsequent "Progressive Era," as in the name of this journal and the society that sponsors it, the implication is that economic developments after the Civil War gave rise to pressing questions of workplace safety, income distribution, monopoly, and the like, which reform and protest movements rightly sought to rectify. Whether to invoke the Gilded Age to describe the current era of U.S. history also centers on such questions: it makes sense to say that we are living in a Second Gilded Age, Thomas Piketty and others have argued, because inequalities of wealth and the rise of corporate power echo those of the 1880s and 1890s; or, respond skeptics like Heath Carter, it is not a helpful comparison because the cultural and organizational forces contesting inequality are so much weaker now.

Marijuana use is pervasive among young adults, and potential marijuana-related impairment may increase as marijuana gains increasing legal status in the United States. However, little is known about the causes and consequences of marijuana use among college students. This study examined the relations between marijuana use frequency and marijuana-related impairment as moderated by religious strength of faith in college students at a Christian university. Results supported study hypotheses-religious strength of faith moderated the relation between marijuana use frequency and marijuana-related impairment, such that individuals with greater religious strength of faith experienced greater marijuana-related impairment. These findings help clarify the nature of the relations between strength of faith and marijuana use and impairment and may inform interventions for problematic marijuana use.

In the arresting and original The End of the Myth: From the Frontier to the Border Wall in the Mind of America, Greg Grandin argues that the contemporary politics of the U.S.-Mexico border mark the end of one of the United States’ most influential and protean cultural myths, that of the frontier. For more than a century, he argues, “the frontier served as a powerful symbol of American universalism,” conveying movement and openness, but also the promise “that the brutality involved in moving forward would be transformed into something noble” (269–270). The ascendance of Donald J. Trump to the presidency and the central role played by his promise to wall off and aggressively police the U.S.-Mexico border marks the eclipse of this promise by a very different sensibility. Today “the frontier is closed,” Grandin concludes, “the safety valve shut” (270). Whether or not Trump’s proposed border wall ever materializes, it is “America’s new myth,” a suitable image for a country “that now finds itself trapped by history, and of a people who used to think they were captains of the future, but now are prisoners of the past” (9).

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic scarring disease in which aging, environmental exposure(s) and genetic susceptibility have been implicated in disease pathogenesis, however, the causes and mechanisms of the progressive fibrotic cascade are still poorly understood. As epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are essential for normal wound healing, through human 2D and 3D in vitro studies, we tested the hypothesis that IPF fibroblasts (IPFFs) dysregulate alveolar epithelial homeostasis. Conditioned media from IPFFs exaggerated the wound-healing response of primary human Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Furthermore, AECs co-cultured with IPFFs exhibited irregular epithelialization compared with those co-cultured with control fibroblasts (NHLFs) or AECs alone, suggesting that epithelial homeostasis is dysregulated in IPF as a consequence of the abnormal secretory phenotype of IPFFs. Secretome analysis of IPFF conditioned media and functional studies identified the matricellular protein, SPARC, as a key mediator in the epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine signaling, with increased secretion of SPARC by IPFFs promoting persistent activation of alveolar epithelium via an integrin/focal adhesion/cellular-junction axis resulting in disruption of epithelial barrier integrity and increased macromolecular permeability. These findings suggest that in IPF fibroblast paracrine signaling promotes persistent alveolar epithelial activation, so preventing normal epithelial repair responses and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, they identify SPARC-mediated paracrine signaling as a potential therapeutic target to promote the restoration of lung epithelial homoestasis in IPF patients.

We investigate how mechanical strain can directly manipulate the catalytic rate of a purely thermochemical reaction.