This paper presents an IEEE 802.15.4z-compliant impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar system for gesture detection. The presented IR-UWB radar system detects whether one of 12 predefined gestures has been performed by a person sitting on the passenger seat of a vehicle. The defined gestures include various hand movements, e.g., swiping left-right, or rotating the hand clock-wise. For the gesture detection, a neural networks (NNs)-based classifier is employed. The designed NNs requires less than 20 KByte of memory to store the parameters, which makes it suitable for embedded implementation for in-cabin sensing applications within the automotive industry. The designed NN achieves an average accuracy of more than 99% for the measurements data, showing its potential for enhanced interaction between the passenger and the vehicle's control systems.

This paper demonstrates an IEEE 802.15.4z compliant Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) radar system for in-cabin monitoring for automotive applications. The presented system demonstrates three in-cabin use cases running in real-time: occupancy detection, breathing rate estimation, and gesture detection. The IR-UWB radar system detects occupancy and estimates the breathing rates of persons sitting in a car's driver and/or front passenger seat. Furthermore, the radar system detects if the passenger is performing a pre-defined gesture. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in a real-time platform, confirming its potential for enhancing automotive safety and comfort. In the presented demo, we achieve a false alarm probability of lower than 10 –3 , a breathing rate accuracy of less than 1 beat per minute (bpm), and gesture detection accuracy of more than 90%.

This work presents an IEEE 802.15.4a/4z compliant IRUWB transceiver for high-precision ranging. By virtue of the proposed digital deserialization-serialization, the TX can generate the Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI) free IEEE 802.15.4a/4z packet. The proposed analog Finite Impulse Response (FIR)-based TX pre-emphasis improves $3.5 \times $ ranging precision without substantial power overhead and fulfills the spectrum requirement of the standard and the worldwide UWB regulations. The presented transceiver consumes 8.7 mW in TX mode and 21 mW in RX mode.

This letter presents an IEEE 802.15.4a/4z compliant IR-UWB transceiver for high-precision ranging. By virtue of the proposed digital deserialization–serialization, the TX can generate the intersymbol-interference (ISI)-free IEEE 802.15.4a/4z packet. The proposed analog finite impulse response (FIR)-based TX pre-emphasis improves $3.5\times $ time-of-arrival (ToA) measurement precision without substantial power overhead and fulfills the spectrum requirement of the standard and the worldwide UWB regulations. The presented transceiver consumes 8.7 mW in TX mode and 21 mW in RX mode.

Using IR-UWB for accurate battery-powered localization requires low energy consumption and high interference resilience. The presented IR-UWB 802.15.4z transceiver features low power consumption thanks to its inverter-based RX architecture and polar TX. The two-stage distributed PLL enables simultaneous multi-channel reception, reducing the energy consumption and measurement time of localization. It consumes 8.9mW in TX mode and 21.5mW/ch. in RX mode while achieving -33dBm OOB blocker tolerance.

The baseband and intermediate frequency (IF) frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar receiver topologies are compared on the bases of receiver nonlinearity, time domain interferometry, receiver noise and demodulator port isolation. It is shown that an IF receiver is capable of suppressing distortions, where the same nonlinearity would result in a baseband (or zero-IF) receiver detecting false targets. Due to flicker noise at low beat frequencies, an IF receiver has better noise performance than an equivalent baseband receiver. This is assuming the receiver's IF is higher than its noise corner frequency. It is demonstrated that IF receiver's are immune to false targets that result from demodulator local oscillator (LO) to radio frequency (RF) port leakage.