The close anatomical relationship between the maxillary sinuses and posterior maxillary teeth fosters a bidirectional link between sinus pathology and a dental infection is of interest. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis frequently arises from periapical disease, periodontal pathology, or dental procedures, while chronic rhinosinusitis can secondarily impact dental structures. Overlapping symptoms often obscure diagnosis, but advanced imaging such as cone-beam computed tomography enables accurate source identification. Early detection and targeted management of the primary pathology are vital to preventing chronicity and recurrence. Interdisciplinary collaboration between dental and otolaryngology specialists remains essential for achieving optimal outcomes.

Even though there were several online dentistry academic programs available, the pandemic accelerated the development of e-learning processes and presented unprecedented obstacles to dental education. The pandemic has given rise to a technology-powered teaching style that replaced the centuries-old chalk-talk method. However, because it was a quick change, it had flaws and limitations and has caused turmoil and confusion among many educational teams, particularly in the academic sector. As a necessary consequence, this study is performed to evaluate undergraduate dental students' lived experiences, as well as their capability, willingness and frame of mind for the adoption of online teaching and learning approaches as part of blended learning. Hence, the use of online tutorials should be an effective method of providing meaningful insights for undergraduate dental students.

Aim:This research set out to determine whether or not there was a connection between the types of lip print patterns found on people's lips and their blood types, as well as between the tongue print patterns found on people's tongues and their blood types. Material and Methods:One hundred and three females and 51 males participated in our research after providing informed permission after hearing about the study's objectives and potential therapeutic applications. Results:One hundred and three females and 51 males participated in our research after providing informed permission after hearing about the study's objectives and potential therapeutic applications. Conclusion:While we did find gender differences in lip print and tongue pattern distribution and blood group, our research did not find statistically significant outcomes between these variables.

To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of nanoparticle (NP)-based immunosensors in the field of oral cancer. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were explored for NP applications in oral cancer. Data extraction in terms and quality assessment of all the articles were done. Out of 147, 17 articles were included in this review. A majority of the studies showed improved sensitivity and specificity for saliva analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on gold NPs, improving early identification. Additionally, novel therapeutic approaches, utilising NP-based immunosensors, demonstrated targeted drug delivery, coupled chemo-photothermal therapy, and gene silencing. Imaging methods have made it possible to distinguish between malignant and healthy states, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering and optical coherence tomography. The reviews' findings highlight the transformational potential of NP-based immunosensors in addressing the difficulties associated with diagnosing and treating oral cancer. However, for an accurate interpretation and application of NP-based solutions in clinical practise, it is essential to be thoroughly aware of the intricacies involved, and the synthesised data in this review support the continued investigation and improvement of NP-based therapies in the ongoing effort to improve the management of oral cancer.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the oral mucosa. The current review investigated the potential effectiveness of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) as a treatment for OLP when compared to other interventions. The current review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented across databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The search utilized a combination of Boolean operators (AND, OR) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms to capture relevant studies. Comparative clinical studies focusing on i-PRF as a treatment for OLP and other interventions were included. Outcomes assessed were pain, surface area of lesions, and patient satisfaction. Review Manager 5.4 was used for statistical analysis. The Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Three studies were included for the final analysis. The findings indicated that both the i-PRF and comparison treatment groups demonstrated reductions in pain and lesion size. The post-treatment Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores showed a decrease in pain intensity, and there was an improvement in lesion extension in the i-PRF-treated sites. The results also revealed increased patient satisfaction with i-PRF treatment. Adverse effects were not reported or specified in the included studies. Quantitative analysis for pain (VAS) showed a mean difference of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.63-1.40), but there was no significant difference between the i-PRF and control groups at p=0.46. Though intragroup differences showed statistically significant differences between pre and post intervention, intergroup differences were not significant for any of the assessed outcomes. The findings from this study suggest that i-PRF holds promise as a potential treatment for OLP. The use of i-PRF resulted in pain reduction, lesion size improvement, and increased patient satisfaction. However, it is important to consider the limitations of the included studies, such as variability in study designs, small sample sizes, and the limited number of studies.

Background: Evaluation of type, nature, and prevalence of common oral pathology lesions involving periodontium and implant in patients of tertiary level dental hospital in Hazaribagh City, Jharkhand. Materials and Methods: A total of 2467 people were requested to take part in the oral examination. The current study cohort was made up of the 62.4% of the initial subgroup who participated in the clinical oral examination and granted their agreement for the use of the data. Between January 2023 and June 2023, the clinical oral examination was completed. Results: No changes were observed in 89.6% of study participants. 88.2% males had no changes while 90.4% females had no changes. Normal variations were observed in 3.4% of study participants. 4.3% males had normal variations while 2.7% females had normal variations. Infectious oral pathology was observed in 3.3% of study participants. 2.4% males had infectious oral pathology while 3.2% females had infectious oral pathology Ulcerative lesions were observed in 4.1% of study participants. 3.6% males had ulcerative lesions while 2.4% females had ulcerative lesions. White lesions were observed in 6.7% of study participants. 8.2% males had white lesions while 5.6% females had white lesions. Conclusion: This study provided a detailed evaluation of type, nature, and prevalence of different oral pathology lesions focusing on periodontium and implant.

Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant disorder that impacts the oral cavity and pharynx. Major risk factors for OSMF are attributed to the consumption of betel nuts or tobacco. These substances harbor various carcinogens that trigger the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants are pivotal in preserving cellular integrity and impeding the oncogenic transformation of body cells. In this context, albumin and uric acid, being primary antioxidants present in body fluids, bestow a defensive effect against this condition. Thus, the present study is designed to elucidate the differential concentration of albumin and uric acid between patient cases and healthy cohorts. Methodology This case-control study was conducted to evaluate the albumin and uric acid levels in individuals diagnosed with OSMF (cases) and compare them with healthy controls for a period of six months. A cohort of 100 individuals was partitioned into four groups, with each group comprising 25 individuals: Group I was made up of healthy individuals; Group II consisted of individuals who chew tobacco and areca nuts but are not affected by OSMF; Group III included individuals who only use tobacco without areca nuts and are afflicted with OSMF; and Group IV comprised individuals who consume a combination of areca nuts and tobacco and are diagnosed with OSMF. Biochemical evaluation was carried out using the BS-380 chemistry autoanalyzer (Mindray, Shenzhen, China), and the quantification of serum albumin and uric acid was performed by the uricase-peroxidase (POD) method with dihydroxybenzene sulfonic acid (DHBS). Results The study cohort of 100 individuals was made up of 70 males and 30 females, with an average age of 42.51 (11.62) years. The comparison of the mean concentration of serum albumin across all groups revealed that healthy controls exhibited the highest serum albumin concentration of 4.284 (0.618), with a statistically significant p-value (0.001) across all groups. A comparison of the mean value of serum uric acid among all groups showed that healthy controls had the highest value of serum uric acid (5.26±1.161), with a considerable p-value (0.001) between all groups. Conclusion The present study concluded that serum biomarkers assessed were high in healthy individuals and consumption of areca nuts, tobacco, and their products was significantly associated with low levels of albumin and uric acid. Therefore, both albumin and uric acid can be used as important biomarkers for uncovering oral premalignant lesions and conditions ahead of time and can also be used in mass screening.

Background: Forensic dentistry is a subspecialty of forensic science that handles, examines, and presents evidence from teeth in the most ethical manner possible. In addition to doing research, forensic odontology (FO) entails managing, examining, assessing, and presenting evidence from dentistry in civil or criminal investigations. In these circumstances, the forensic odontologist aids the court system by reviewing the dental findings. Aim: The present investigation was carried out to assess the dental faculty member's awareness, interest, and knowledge of FO at dental educational institutions in Jharkhand, India. Methods and materials: The sample size calculation assumes a simple random sampling technique and a large population size using the formula E=sqrt((Z^2*p*(1-p))/n). A total of 102 dental teaching faculty members from diverse dental specialties participated in the survey. Utilizing a validated questionnaire that was sent directly after receiving approval from the institutional ethics committee in January 2023, data were gathered in a tailored manner. The questionnaire included 12 questions to gauge the dental teaching faculty members' awareness, knowledge, and interest in FO. Closed-ended questions were included. The outcomes were computed using a percentage system. Results: In this study, 95% of study participants agreed with the fact that teeth are a possible source of DNA, while 5% were unaware of this fact. 68% of study participants said that visual examination constitutes the initial stage in the identification process for unidentified bodies while 8% of study participants said that DNA fingerprinting constitutes the initial stage in the identification process for unidentified bodies. However, 8% of study participants didn’t know anything about this aspect. 72% of dental teaching faculty members agreed to the fact that Barr bodies should be used to determine sex. 89% of study participants responded positively to the question "Can teeth or enamel serve as a tool for determining age?" 11% of study participants did not know that teeth or enamel can serve as a tool for determining age. 41% of study participants had the correct information that FO instruction for bachelor of dental surgery (BDS) students takes place and, as per Dental Council of India (DCI) standards, should be given in both BDS second and third years. Conclusion: The results of the current survey provided information on FO practices among Jharkhand dental institutes' dental faculty. The poll revealed that they have the necessary information, which they must have learned either while studying, participating in continuing dental education, or teaching.

Background:Proof of identity acts as a key title role in any criminal investigation. Training of tongue prints has been documented and acknowledged as the gold standard for personal identification worldwide nowadays. Tongue printing has proved as an innovative biometric tool and can be relied upon as an authoritative forensic tool. Research works have been carried out on tongue print independently. However, studies focusing on the morphology or shape of the tongue have not been commenced to a prodigious scope. Aim:The contemporary trial was undertaken upon the people to train and scrutiny the morphological shape of the tongue and validate their magnitude as assistance in sexual dimorphism. Materials and Methods:Hundred dental students in the age group of 18-25 years were included in the trial. For the trial clinical scrutiny, photographs and lingual impressions were recorded of the tongue. Results:In the current trial of the shape of the tongue for gender identification, we used two classifications. According to TCM criteria, five tongue shapes were used for gender identification: rectangle, acute triangle, obtuse triangle, square, and circle. Among the 100 subjects, the square-shaped tongue was chiefly observed, trailed by the circle and obtuse triangle. In the second criteria, Stefanescu et al. classified tongues into two shapes: U- and V-shaped. When the tongue shape was scrutinized, U shape was seen in 79 persons and V shape in 21 persons out of 100 subjects. Conclusion:Hence, the trial concluded that tongue prints exhibited a qualitative result among diverse sex groupings. It can be preached that the human tongue possibilities to distribute a point of exceptionality in morphological shape; besides, it is apt for utilization in gender acknowledgment.

Aim:This case report aims to present triple tooth synodontia of primary teeth and its management.Background:Synodontia refers to the fusion of teeth and is a morphological developmental dental aberration. This anomaly is also acknowledged with different terminologies like fusion, germination, and concrescence. Synodontia with two teeth is not uncommon however it is found sporadic in primary dentition. This type of anomaly can include two or more teeth; if the number is two, it is called as double tooth and if three, is called as triple tooth or triplication defect or triploid tooth.Case Description:In this article, we report an unusual case of triplication of primary teeth occurring unilaterally between the upper deciduous right central, lateral incisor and supernumerary tooth. The triple tooth was extracted under local anesthesia and was sectioned at three levels that are coronal, middle, and cervical one-third, and analyzed by Cone-beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) respectively. The coronal segment revealed three individual pulp chambers, middle third and apical third revealed one single unified pulp chamber.Conclusion:Triple tooth in a triangular configuration with mixture of incomplete fusion at the coronal portion and cervical third and complete fusion at middle and apical third of root is an elusive anomaly.Clinical significance:This aberrant fusion of two deciduous incisors with supernumerary tooth had been documented as rare anomaly, so its early diagnosis and management protocol is imperative to comprehend.How to cite this article:Ahuja V, Verma J, Bhargava A, et al. "Triple Tooth Synodontia" of Primary Incisors in Triangular Configuration: A Rare Aberrant Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):779-783.

Nosocomial infections are a major concern to both clinicians and health care seekers. Investigations have suggested that laptops & mobile phones may contribute to cross-contamination and can serve as vehicles for infection transmission. Therefore, it is of interest to document the data on hidden reservoirs such as mobile phones and laptops of pathogens in dental settings at the Hazaribag College of dental sciences and Hospital, Jharkhand. The samples were collected from 25 laptops and 25 mobile phones from dentists working in a dental college in Hazaribag city. The samples were collected aseptically using sterile cotton swabs dipped in sterile saline by rotating the swabs on the keyboard surfaces of laptops and mobile phones, inoculated into Brain Heart Infusion broth, vortexed for 1 minute in Fischer Vortex Genie 2 on highest setting & streaked immediately on 5% sheep blood agar plates and were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours aerobically. The isolates were identified based on the colony morphology, colony characteristics and biochemical reactions. The bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Bacillus species, Enterococci, Micrococci, and Pseudomonas etc. Predominant species isolated was Staphylococcus aureus and least was Micrococci. Higher percentage of organisms was found at the Department of Periodontics, Endodontics and least was found in Department of Public Health Dentistry. The percentage and type of organism isolated from keyboards of laptops and mobile phones were similar. Thus, laptops and mobile phones act as vehicles for transfer of potential pathogens associated with dental hospitals. Disinfecting the hands prior to examination of patients and disinfection of laptops and mobiles with alcohol wipes should be done to prevent nosocomial infections.

It is of interest to document data on morphometric (measurement of external form) analysis of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth collected from a dental set up using mesio-distal (MD) dimension. The mesiodistal dimensions of all permanent anterior teeth (central incisor, lateral incisor and canine) of 25 males and 25 females patients were recorded using digital vernier calipers. Data were charted and statistical analysis was done using Mann Whitney U test. Data shows sexual dimorphism for every tooth between males and females. However, dimorphism was exhibited only in maxillary and mandibular canine, mandibular central incisors, and lateral incisor. Hence, odontometric parameters offer simple, reliable and cost-effective in forensic investigation for recording gender discrimination.

Introduction: Identification of human being is always a problem for scientists and is based upon scientific principles. Finger prints, dental data, anthropometry & DNA analysis are the tools used for identification purposes. The new arriving tool in the field of personal identity is cheiloscopy i.e. study of lip prints which are unique for every individual and behold the potential for identification purpose. If lip prints are found at scene of crime, the presence or absence of a person can be ruled out from the scene of crime. Aim: The objective of the study was to check for any peculiar lip patterns in relation to the sex of the individual and determine the most common lip patterns by using Suzuki &Tsushihashi’s classification. Materials and methods: A study group of 100 undergraduate students (50 males and 50 females) in the age group 18-23 years were chosen randomly from our institute. Non-glossed lip stick color, white bond paper, cellophane tape, scissors, and magnifying lens were used to obtain lip prints and analyzed with the help of a personal computer and Adobe photoshop software. The lip print pattern of middle part of lower lip was considered, as it is visible in almost all the prints. Result: Majority of the study group (28 people -28%) belonged to Type IV and 6 people (6%) belonged to Type V group. The most common pattern found in female was II, while type IV was predominant among males. Conclusion: Studies show lip prints have great potential to establish individuality, show gender variation and remain unchanged forever.

Background: The goal of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of pulp stones in a Hazaribagh population. Any possible associations between pulp stones tooth type and dental arch were also evaluated.Methods: A total of 4625 teeth of 500 patients were examined in our department who came for diagnostic radiograph of posterior teeth. The presence or absences of pulp stones were recorded.Results: Pulp stones were found in 834 (18.03%) of 4625 teeth detected. The occurrence of pulp stones was most significant in among the age groups of 31-50 years of age. The pulp stones were significantly higher in permanent maxillary first and second molars.Conclusions: Pulp stones are not only incidental radiographic findings of the pulp tissue but may also be an indicator of some serious underlying disease. On the other hand, they may provide useful information to predict about the susceptibility of patients for other dystrophic soft tissue calcifications such as urinary calculi and calcified atheromas.

Objectives. The prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) among tobacco, betel quid, and alcohol users in Lucknow, India was assessed. Further, the prevalence observed was related to age, gender, and habit history of the subjects. Subjects And Methods. A total of 2008 users of both genders were randomly selected from the population in 20-80 years age group. Information regarding habits and OPMDs was assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and clinical methods. Results. Male users were more and betel-quid chewing was the most common habit. Chewing, smoking, and combined habits, were more common in men in the 20-40 years age group, with a gradual waning of these habits and higher alcohol use with progression of age. Smoking, chewing, and combined habits showed a marked peak in the 40-60 years age group among women. The prevalence of OPMD was 13.2 percent, with a high incidence of oral leukoplakias (OL) followed closely by oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Most OPMDs occurred in males and OL was more common among males. OSF was predominant among women. Conclusion. The high incidence of OPMDs in the study population has alarming implications for the future considering the cultural and social characteristics of tobacco and betel-quid chewing in India.

Background: Infection due to fungi have increased dramatically in recent years and are of prime importance because of the rising number of immunocompromised patients, such as cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, and human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. The aim of the analysis was to compare the candidal count at the time of insertion and after one month of wearing complete dentures.Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study which consisted of forty edentulous patients with no previous denture history. They obtained new complete dentures. Samples were taken using the oral rinse technique and cultured on sabouraud agar for fungal growth and cultured positive samples had undergone for germ tube test in serum media.Results: Candidal colonies were detected and counted as colony forming units at the time of insertion and after one month of wearing complete dentures. Change in candidal count was significantly higher after one month of wearing complete dentures (p=0.0001). Difference in candidal count was significantly higher in females than males.Conclusions: Candidal count was significant after wearing complete dentures and this should be considered as an important factor that can pre-dispose the patients to candida induced denture stomatitis.

Background: In routine histopathology, decalcification of teeth is an essential and important step during tissue processing. The present study was attempted to decalcify teeth using microwave method and to compare it with conventional decalcification method. The aim of the study was to compare microwave decalcification with conventional decalcification method with respect to the speed of decalcification, preservation of tissue structure, and efficacy of staining.Methods: In our study, the total sample size used for both routine and microwave decalcification was 30 premolar teeth. The three solutions were diluting nitric acid (5%), formic acid (5%), and EDTA (14%).Results: The results in the present study confirmed the fact that the microwave method using nitric acid was indeed the fastest decalcifying method needing just about 4 days for premolars, compared with routine decalcification. The results also showed that the overall structural details and good staining characteristics were better in teeth decalcified by 5% nitric acid in comparison to EDTA and formic acid in both the methods used. But nitric acid showed good staining details in microwave method in comparison to conventional method.Conclusions: 5% nitric acid by microwave method proved to be the best decalcifying agent as it was fast and gave good structural details and staining characteristics.

Pregnancy is a complex human experience involving a social dimension that may be influenced by several external factors along with a biological dimension where balance is needed between organic conditions, to enable development of the fetus and the mother's immunological system.As the mother's inflammatory response towards infection is considered to be a potential activator of the mechanism for intrauterine growth retardation therefore all the population groups worldwide consider birth weight as the most important determinant for the chances of a newborn infant to survive, grow and develop in a healthy way.Birth weight is affected and considered as an outcome of a complex multi factorial system.A large number of growing evidence has showed that maternal infections constitute an important cause of preterm delivery.The present paper focuses on the role of periodontal disease contributing to the risk of pregnancy complications, such as Pre-term low birth weight (PLBW).

Rhinosinusitis is a more accurate term for what is commonly termed sinusitis, because the mucous membranes of the nose and sinuses are contiguous and subject to the same disease processes. It is a significant and increasing health problem that affects about 15% of the population in Western countries. It has a substantial impact on patients health related quality of life and daily functioning and represents a huge financial burden to society and the health care system as a result of the direct and indirect costs therefore the high incidence of this pathology reveals the need to recognize it as an important disease we have to be able to deal with in order to prevent it or even treat it whenever necessary. In this article, we provide an overview of Rhinosinusitis, including its classification, etiopathogenesis, staging and focusing over its diagnostic modalities.