针对目前厌氧氨氧化系统内微生物的研究,主要以厌氧氨氧化菌本身这一情况,本研究对长期稳定运行的Anammox滤池内微生物菌群结构进行了测定,同时测试与分析了滤池内厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)、氨氧化菌(AOB)、亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)和反硝化菌(DNB)的关键动力学常数,探究了溶解氧(DO)浓度从0.2mg/L增加至1.5mg/L,AnAOB、AOB以及NOB活性的变化.结果表明,长期稳定运行的Anammox滤池是一个以厌氧氨氧化功能为主,多菌群共存的混合体系.滤池内厌氧氨氧化活性最高,为5.3mgN/(gVSS·h),同时系统内DNB和AOB也具有一定活性.DO在0.2～1.5mg/L范围内,AnAOB活性变化不大;随着DO浓度增加,AOB比氨氧化速率从0.76mgN/(gVSS·h)增加到1.08mgN/(gVSS·h),通过Monod方程进一步得到AOB氧半饱和常数(KO2,AOB)为(0.106±0.010)mg/L,表明系统内AOB对氧具有极高的亲和力;整个过程基本检测不到NOB的活性.厌氧氨氧化系统中主要功能菌群共存,且相互竞争底物.

Partial denitrification is an alternative process to provide stable nitrite for anammox. In this study, based on full-scale and lab-scale experiments, achieving and control of partial denitrification and the microbial mechanism were studied for 17 months in municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP). Using glucose (GLC) as sole carbon source, partial denitrification was successfully achieved with nitrite accumulation percentage (NAP) higher than 90%; whereas, using sodium acetate (NaAc) as sole carbon source, nitrite accumulation was effec-tively controlled with economic and efficient carbon usage. Candidatus Competibacter and Thaurea were the dominant communities for partial denitrification. Denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms (DGAOs), Thauera, denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs), GAOs, PAOs and denitrifiers coexisted in MWWTP, resulting in COD specific removal rate (CODSRR) of 883.10 similar to 1188.92mgN/gMLVSS/h during partial denitrification. Through adjustment of Anoxic-Oxic (A/O) operation to anoxic operation, the growth of GAOs and PAOs could be limited.

综述了专家系统在污水处理领域的结构和特点、针对的工艺以及应用现状方面取得的研究成果.重点介绍了专家系统中知识的获取和表示、规则的建立以及与故障树和其他人工智能技术的结合情况,并对专家系统在污水处理工艺选择、运行控制以及故障诊断3个阶段的研究现状进行了细致分析.在此基础上,提出了尚需解决的问题以及进一步研究与发展的方向.

长期以来,我国城市污水处理相关工作人员职业病频发,与城市污水处理过程中会释放出大量的有毒有害气体有重要关系,我国现有的《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》对水质排放指标作了明确规定,但对于污水处理过程中释放的气体污染物的类型及排放限值缺少详细说明.本文对城市污水处理厂不同污水处理工艺及不同污水处理单元在运行中所释放的气体污染物的特征进行了归纳总结,阐述了城市污水处理厂释放的主要恶臭挥发性有机物的产生途径、释放量及影响因素,并指出目前城市污水处理厂释放的气体污染物主要通过尾气末端收集综合处理的方式进行治理,而对于工艺运行参数与气体污染物释放特征之间的相关性关系仍需深入研究.

To quickly realize the autotrophic denitrification of actual domestic sewage in the short term, the activated sludge from the actual sewage treatment plant containing anammox bacteria was used to study the removal effect of nitrogen in the process of hypoxia aeration for Fe2+/Fe3+and Mn2+. The results showed that both Fe2+/Fe3+and Mn2+can increase the abundance of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) in activated sludge, but Fe2+/Fe3+ had a certain inhibitory effect on ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB); therefore, the total inorganic nitrogen removal rate was 25% in the presence of Fe2+/Fe3+under short-term dosing, but the total inorganic nitrogen removal rate was 44% in the presence of Mn2+. Nitrogen balance analysis showed that nitrogen transformation was mainly denitrification under the condition of Fe2+/Fe3+; but was mainly anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process under the condition of Mn2+. Therefore, the anammox activity could be enhanced in traditional activated sludge by short-term addition of Mn2+, promoting the removal of nitrogen during the low-oxygen aeration, and facilitating the rapid achievement of integrated autotrophic nitrogen removal.

This paper compared the Cr(Ⅵ)reduction effect of nano-iron and PVP modified nano-iron in groundwater,and investiga-ted the influence of different factors on the conditions of Cr(Ⅵ)reducing by modified nano-iron.It is shows that,the PVP modified nano-iron has the obvious removal of Cr(Ⅵ)in the groundwater environment,when the PVP and nano-iron weight ratio is 9:1 ,the removal of Cr(Ⅵ)is the best.The effects of ions on the Cr(Ⅵ)removal is mainly determined by its own response to the Cr6+,and has less relationship with the electrolyte mass transfer performance in the system.The removal mechanism of chromium for Fe0 can be described as a redox reaction and co-precipitation,with the pH value decreased,the Cr(Ⅵ)removal rate would increased,but the Cr(Ⅲ)is difficult to precipitation,so the total chromium removal decreased.Under different reaction conditions,the reaction for Cr(Ⅵ)reducing follows the first order kinetic model.In addition,the coarse sand and fine sand media have a very small blockade for Cr(Ⅵ)migrating,in which the fine sand retardation factor Rd=3 .6 1 .During the reaction,the permeability of modified nano-iron in simulate column was significantly better than the ordinary nano-iron,after reacting 100 min,the outlet pressure is only 50% of ordi-nary nano-iron,which in a certain extent lengthened the nano-iron using time.

An improved fuzzy mathematical comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the groundwater quality in the southeastern ecological region and the southwestern industrial region of Changchun City , in Jilin Province .The results show that the groundwater quality in the southwestern industrial region of Changchun City reached the grade IV level , and the main factors influencing the water quality were heavy metal ions .Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent groundwater pollution in this region .In addition , the groundwater quality in the southeastern ecological region of Changchun City reached the grade Ⅱlevel , superior to that of the southwestern industrial region .