The In2O3/Au-nanorods (NRs) ethanol sensor with a simple peripheral driver circuit has been fabricated, which has highly sensitive to ethanol biomarkers in breath. This paper firstly describes fabrication method of In2O3/Au-NRs and its gas-sensing characteristics under laboratory conditions, then the STM32 sensor detection system and the application of the sensor in the system in detail. The In2O3/Au-NRs sensor exhibits strong humidity interference resistance and can detect different concentrations of ethanol gas accurately. The main controller STM32 is applied to the ethanol sensor data acquisition system to reduce the development cost and speed up the development cycles. A 4.3-inch capacitive touchscreen with integrated functionality modules including detection, alarm, touch input, and software reset has been designed, which has extensive versatility for ethanol detection scenarios. First, the principle and process of touch buttons, system block diagrams, hardware circuit schematics, and program flowcharts were designed. Then, the program development was streamlined and made more efficient with the help of STM32cubeMx and HAL libraries, simplifying the initialization and configuration procedures. The rendered images demonstrate that the ethanol detection system designed with In2O3/Au-NRs based on STM32 exhibits good detection accuracy and excellent portability.

Kart reservoir is important for the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the northern part of Sichuan Basin. Based on field outcrops and drilling core data, combining both macro and micro methods, the characteristics of karst strata association of the Maokou Formation in this area was studied by the means of thin section observation, scanning electron microscope, major and trace elements and experimental dissolution. The first member of the Maokou Formation is dominated by marl and bioclastic micritic limestone, and the content of acid insoluble matter is high. The second and third members of the Maokou Formation are dominated by micritic bioclastic limestone and bright crystal bioclastic limestone, and the content of acid insoluble matter is low. The results of dissolution experiments show that the mineral type and chemical composition of carbonate rock are the main factors affecting the solubility of rock. The change characteristics of the dissolution rate of samples, solution ion concentration and micro dissolution are as follows: bioclastic limestone＞micrite limestone＞dolomite＞argillaceous limestone. The karst strata association types of the Maokou Formation can be divided into 2 groups, 3 types and 9 subtypes. The karstification conditions and rock dissolution degree of different karst formation types are different, and the development scale of fracture cave karst reservoir is also different.

With the richest geothermal resources and the best development and utilization conditions in the central and eastern China, the Xiong'an New Area is the home of three large and medium-sized geothermal fields—Xiongxian, Rongcheng and Gaoyang. The Jixianian Wumishan Formation in the Xiong'an New Area has good reservoir endowment, large water yield and easy reinjection, which is the focus of geothermal resource exploration. At present, acid solutions, high-salinity water solutions or sea water which are prepared by researchers themselves are mainly used in simulation experiments, but less formation water is used as the experimental fluid. In this study, the dolomite of Wumishan Formation in the Xiong'an New Area is taken as the research object, and the formation water of Wumishan Formation in the underground is taken as the experimental fluid. The dissolution simulation experiment under high temperature and high pressure has been carried out to analyze the influence of temperature, pressure, lithology, structure and other factors on the dissolution of dolomite. This experiment adopts the simulation experimental device of dissolution kinetics under the conditions of high-temperature and high-pressure independently designed by Karst Geology Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The formation water from the whole section of Wumishan Formation in the geothermal well of the Xiong'an New Area is taken as the reaction fluid. At the same time, considering the two factors of temperature and pressure, a total of 12 groups of experiments in the range of 40 ℃, 10 MPa to 150 ℃, 20 MPa have been carried out to simulate the dissolution of formation water of Wumishan Formation in the Xiong'an New Area on dolomite from the shallow burial to the deep burial. The experimental results show that dissolution rates of samples in the formation water decreased with the increase of temperature in general. The rates experienced a rapid decrease before a slow increase and then a rapid decrease again, with an obvious increase from 100 ℃ to 140 ℃. Dissolution rates of samples in formation water increased obviously with the increase of pressure. The variation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations with temperature and pressure was consistent with that of dissolution rates with temperature and pressure. All samples showed a certain degree of corrosion under the experimental conditions, mainly the corrosion of the sample surface. The samples with less developed pores and microcracks only corroded on the surface, which blurred the sample surface. The samples with developed pores and microcracks were eroded and expanded along intergranular pores, intercrystalline pores and various fractures, and finally connected to a certain extent. Therefore, the results of this study show that the buried dissolution of carbonate rocks will decrease in the burial diagenetic environment, with the increase of depth and temperature. But there is a window with higher dissolution capacity in the range of 100 ℃-140 ℃, which may be a favorable temperature range for the formation of dolomite karst reservoirs in the Wumishan Formation in the study area. For the samples with undeveloped pores and microcracks, it is difficult for soluble fluid to enter the sample for large-scale corrosion, but only to stay on and blur the sample surface during the experiment. The samples with pores and microcracks developed are corroded and expanded along intergranular and intercrystalline pores and various fractures and fissures, and are finally connected to a certain extent.

Karst fracture-cavity of Ordovician Yingshan Formation is the main carbonate reservoir in Tahe oilfield. The development of karst fracture-cavity shows strong heterogeneity. The complex diversification of filling types, types of filling materials and filling characteristics leads to the complexity of karst fracture-cavity reservoirs, which has a direct impact on the development of oil reservoirs. Understanding the characteristics of karst fracture-cavity filling is conducive to finding the optimal reservoir, which is of great significance to the study of petroleum geology in this area. In this study, the Ordovician Yingshan Formation cores from several wells in Tahe oilfield were observed, and the karst fracture-cavity fillings and limestone bedrock of typical drilling of Yingshan Formation were collected. Combined with the characteristics of fracture-cavity filling, the carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics are analyzed, and the sedimentary paleoenvironment is clarified, which provides a new geochemical basis for inversion of reservoir formation process. Based on the core observation, description and filling type statistics of 31 drillings in Tahe oilfield, it is found that the fillings of karst fracture-caves of Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Tahe area are mainly characterized by mechanical fillings and chemical deposits, followed by slump fillings. The slump fillings mainly filling in caves and seven boreholes—A8, T615, T502, S64, S70, T403 and T624—can show the most typical characteristics. We collected 35 filling samples of the karst fracture-cavity in these seven typical drillings of Ordovician Yingshan Formation, including calcareous argillaceous, sandy, calcite, breccia and limestone bedrock filled in the dissolution pores. Then, we tested and analyzed δ13C and δ18O of the filling samples. The results show that the variation range of carbon and oxygen isotopes of the backfill is large, with δ13C from 0.75 ‰ to −10.14 ‰ and δ18O from −5.94 ‰ to −14.14 ‰. Compared with the carbon and oxygen isotope of bedrock, the values of δ13C and δ18O of 80% of the backfill are negative, and the calcite is the most negative. The values of δ13C and δ18O of calcium mud filling were significantly positive. There are four different types of formation environment for karst fracture-cavity fillings in Ordovician Yingshan Formation. The first type is the contemporaneous or early diagenetic karst environment. The δ13C and δ18O of the karst fracture-cavity fillings are from −2.29‰ to 0.75‰ and from −5.94‰ to −8.57‰, respectively, which are similar to the carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics of the marine limestone of the Yingshan Formation. This finding indicates that the fracture-cavity fillings are formed in the contemporaneous or early diagenetic marine karst environment, which may be the result of the joint filling of mud carried by flowing water and carbonate rock deposition in the contemporaneous karst period. The second type is Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian weathering crust karst, with the most obvious negative values of carbon and oxygen isotopes: δ13C from −10.14‰ to −8.57 ‰, and δ18O from −14.14‰ to −13.44 ‰, respectively. The negative δ18O value is mainly caused by the low δ18O value of atmospheric freshwater, which leads to the negative δ18O value of precipitated calcite. There are two main reasons for the negative δ13C value. One is the exposure environment of late Caledonian-early Hercynian affected by low δ13C CO2 in atmospheric fresh water, and the negative δ13C value of calcite precipitated after reaction with carbonate rocks. The other is that the content of organic matter overlying on the weathering crust in the Silurian clastic strata is high, and the δ13C value is low due to the oxidation of CH4 by organic matter. The third type is buried karst environment. Both the negative values of δ13C (from −6.54‰ to −3.07‰) and δ18O (from −13.11‰ to −12.43‰) indicate that the fillings are affected by different degrees of atmospheric freshwater in buried karst environment. The fourth type is the late to modern karst environment. The values of δ13C (from −5.24‰ to −0.79‰) and δ18O (from −11.15‰ to −8.77‰) are quite different from those of the carbon and oxygen isotopes in terms of bedrock background values. Most of the filling materials are calcareous argillaceous mechanical filling, mainly filling in karst caves and dissolved structural joints. The filling process is slow and long, and is affected by organic matter to varying degrees. Karst fracture-cavity filling are the product of the formation of karst reservoir in the transformation process. The analysis of carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonate rocks and karst fracture-cavity fillings is one of the important means for the study of paleokarst oil and gas reservoirs. It is helpful to understand the formation environment, development and evolution of karst and its relationship with the development of oil and gas reservoirs, which is of great significance for the prediction of karst reservoirs and oil and gas exploration.

The influences of conjugation on the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide guidelines to design the structures for desired applications.

In recent years, deep karst caves are commonly met in deep resource exploration and engineering construction. However, the deep-buried caves lead to the insufficient research on the genesis and development mechanism of deep karst caves. As good research samples, a large amount of complete drilling cores in deep karst caves are founded in Huanjiang sag in Guangxi. The karst morphology analysis of the drilling core in Well HD1-4 reveals that the deep karst in Huanjiang area is mainly composed of net cracks and holes expanding along cracks and dolomite honeycomb pores, and large karst caves are also developed, with the maximum height of 20 m. The types of fillings in deep karst caves are diverse. Through the observation of the whole well core, it is found that the deep karst cave fillings are of four characteristics. (1) Calcification growth,the mixed growth pattern of chemical and argillaceous substances reflects periodic growth in the cave, which may be associated with surface hydrological systems. (2) Flower-like growth pattern,white calcite with multi-stage growth can be identified in pores, but the growth direction and growth environment of each stage are different, hence forming flower-like growth pattern. (3) Primary chemical fillings of the hole,the hole is filled with calcite or dolomite, and the crystal form of calcite in part of the hole is good. (4) Argillaceous fillings in the cave, argillaceous fillings can be seen at 230 m, 432 m, 880 m and even 1,132 m in Well Huandi 1-4, which are far lower than the local discharge datum or the sea level. These argillaceous fillings may come from the surface mud seepage along the fracture or the mud beneath the ancient exposed surface. In this paper, the carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of deep karst cave fillings and surface karst cave fillings in Well HD1-4 drilling show the wide distribution of carbon and oxygen isotope of deep karst fracture. δ13C values are between −5.2‰ and −2‰ with the average value of −0.33‰. δ18O values are between −16.78‰ and −5.3‰ wtih the average value of −11.45‰. The values show the general negative skewness. The negative skewness of carbon and oxygen isotope of calcite fillings in the pores is the largest, and that of dolomite is the smallest. The carbon and oxygen isotope values of calcareous mudstone are the closest to those of modern atmospheric freshwater.Based on the analysis of geological conditions, four large-scale paleokarst processes and filling periods are founded in the formation and filling stages of deep karst in the Huanjiang area. (1) In the karst environment in contemporaneous period and penecontemporaneous peiord, the distribution range of δ18O is the same as the background value of the bedrock of carbonate rock, but δ13C changes greatly. The results show that the karst environment is similar to the sedimentary environment of carbonate rocks, which reflects the short-term exposure of karst after the deposition of carbonate rocks in the contemporaneous period, and the filling shows the characteristics of early precipitation. Karst space is mainly characterized by dissolution pores, which provides the basis for further karst development. (2) The karst environment of atmospheric fresh water in the hypergene period is affected by atmospheric fresh water δ13C, and the δ18O value shows a significant negative skewness. The fact that δ13C is less than −2.5‰ and δ18O is between −13 and −8.2‰ indicates the karst environment is an open system, and a large number of argillaceous substances infiltrate with surface water and fill karst caves, making a certain impact on the preservation of deep resources. (3) In the shallow-buried karst environment, the δ18O value of the filling is negative, which is more negatively skewed than that of Type I bedrock. The δ13C value is basically consistent with the bedrock value, and there is no obvious negative skewness. The δ13C value is between −2.0‰ and 2.5‰, and the δ18O is between −13.0‰ and −9.0‰. Due to the increase of temperature and pressure in the closed system during the burial peirod, there gradually precipitates and forms dolomite. (4) In the deep-buried or hydrothermal karst environment, the δ18O value of fillings is obviously negative, and high-temperature fluid flows up along the fault to form the karst dissolution space which becomes the reservoir place of various deposits. The hydrothermal karst with high temperature and the atmospheric freshwater karst are the main periods of the formation of deep karst fracture-cavity filling in Huanjiang area. The research results are of great significance for deep karst reservoir prediction and deep resource exploration in the later stage.

BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ZNFX1-AS1 (ZFAS1) is a newly discovered lncRNA, but its diagnostic value in gastric cancer is unclear. AIM To investigate the potential role of ZFAS1 in gastric cancer and to evaluate the clinical significance of ZFAS1 as a biomarker for gastric cancer screening. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to screen for gastric cancer-associated lncRNAs in gastric cancer patients, gastric stromal tumor patients, gastritis or gastric ulcer patients, and healthy controls. Correlations between ZFAS1 expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed. The biological effects of ZFAS1 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells were studied by MTT, colony formation, and transwell mi-gration assays. The potential mechanism of ZFAS1 was demonstrated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and qRT-PCR. The relationship between ZFAS1 and tumorigenesis was demonstrated using in vivo tumor formation assays. RESULTS The plasma level of lncRNA ZFAS1 was significantly higher in preoperative patients with gastric cancer than in individuals in the other 4 groups. Increased expression of ZFAS1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and poor prognosis. ZFAS1 regulated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells and regulated the growth of gastric cancer cells in vivo. LIN28 and CAPRIN1 were identified as key downstream mediators of ZFAS1 in gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSION LncRNA ZFAS1 promoted the invasion and proliferation of gastric cancer cells by modulating LIN28 and CAPRIN1 expression, suggesting that ZFAS1 can be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer.

下寒武统牛蹄塘组是黔南坳陷最重要的页岩气目标层之一.为探究牛蹄塘组泥页岩的生烃演化史,文章以黔南坳陷贵都地1井为研究对象,通过对该区油气地质、地球化学分析,运用盆地模拟技术等方法,对贵都地1井牛蹄塘组埋藏史与热史进行重建.结果表明:牛蹄塘组泥页岩具有较高的有机质丰度,有机质类型为I型,已达到过成熟阶段,整体具有一定的生烃潜力;牛蹄塘组泥页岩经历了中寒武世早期—中奥陶世(466～508 Ma)的生油期和中奥陶世—中三叠世(236～466 Ma)的生气期,在中三叠世晚期(约230 Ma)达到最大埋深5740 m,最高温度约215℃;具有"短暂生油,持续生气"的特征;高热演化背景下的生烃过程为页岩气富集提供较好的基础条件,但印支期以来的构造抬升剥蚀对页岩气保存具有较强的破坏作用,保存条件是页岩气富集最重要的控制因素.

碳酸盐岩古岩溶型储层是油气勘探开发的重点领域,具有极强的非均质性,是世界级难题.古岩溶发育期次的确定一直都是古岩溶储层地质建模的技术难题.现有判别古岩溶发育期次的方法多以地表裸露古岩溶充填物特征为依据.在塔里木盆地塔中地区地质构造复杂,具有多期次古岩溶作用的叠加改造.本次利用古岩溶充填方解石流体包裹体均一温度法,研究塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶作用期次与古环境条件,揭示了4期古岩溶作用环境:加里东期古岩溶作用、海西晚期古岩溶作用、印支-燕山期古岩溶作用、喜马拉雅期古岩溶作用.该研究成果对后期岩溶储层预测具有重要意义.

四川盆地灯影组白云岩岩溶孔洞储层发育,在四川盆地威远、资阳及高石梯-磨溪地区发现了大型气田.但是该套储层非均质强,储层预测困难,需要进一步从岩溶地质理论出发,恢复岩溶古地貌、古水系,从而掌握该套储层发育分布规律,指导进一步勘探开发.本文选用印模法恢复了高石梯地区灯四顶岩溶古地貌,并结合现代岩溶学和岩溶动力学理论,划分了岩溶台地、岩溶缓坡地和岩溶盆地3类二级地貌单元.应用现代岩溶分类方法,根据微地貌组合形态,对二级地貌作精细刻画,划分了6种三级地貌单元,最后根据岩溶动力学、岩溶水文地质学在高石梯地区刻画出北部、西部和东南部三大水系.认为岩溶缓坡,位于径流区,水动力条件最强,孔洞最发育,是储层勘探方向.精细的古地貌、古水系的刻画对促进高石梯地区灯影组油气勘探开发具有重要实际意义.

以甲基卡稀有金属矿区X03号矿体和烧炭沟矿体2个隐伏矿体作为研究对象,采用主动吸气法,以5％稀硝酸溶液作为捕集剂进行地气测量试验研究.结果表明,地气捕集液中Li、Be、Rb、Cs、Na、B等元素在矿体上方出现多点连续的组合异常,可以指示地表以下30～100 m的隐伏矿体.X03号矿体35号勘探线上,地气中成矿元素异常与土壤中元素含量之间没有相关性,表明地气异常并不是土壤元素含量所形成的,而是来源于隐伏矿体,是隐伏矿体的直接信息反映.地气异常表现为顶部异常特征,隐伏矿体位于异常的下部.甲基卡稀有金属矿区采用地气测量技术寻找隐伏矿体时,在成矿地质条件研究的基础上,结合电法等地球物理资料,可在地气异常的上方布置钻探工程进行钻探验证.

蜀南地区茅口组灰岩岩溶储层较为发育,是蜀南地区重要的产层之一.但是该套储层非均质性强、缝洞充填程度高,储层预测具有较大困难.恢复岩溶古地貌、刻画古水系,可以摸清岩溶储层的发育分布规律,对蜀南地区茅口组油气勘探具有重要的指导意义.本文利用印模-趋势面法,以茅口组顶至长兴组顶的沉积厚度为标识,恢复了蜀南Z工区的岩溶古地貌,根据微地貌组合形态,划分了4类三级地貌单元,并结合岩溶水文地质学理论在Z工区刻画出南北向地表水系.分析认为不同的地貌位置,水动力条件具有较大差异;河流两侧位于径流区,水动力条件最强,溶蚀孔缝最发育,是下一步储层勘探方向.

13 Many high and steep slopes are formed by special topographic and geomorphic types and 14 mining activities during the construction of mountain expressways. Severe soil erosion may also 15 occur under heavy rainfall conditions. Therefore, predicting soil loss on highway slopes is 16 important in protecting infrastructure and human life. In this study, we investigate Xinhe 17 Expressway located at the southern edge of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. The revised universal 18 soil loss equation is used as the prediction model for soil and water loss on slopes. Geographic 19 information systems, remote sensing technology, field surveys, runoff plot observation testing, 20 cluster analysis and co-kriging calculations are also utilised. The partition of the prediction units 21 of soil loss on the expressway slope in the mountainous area and the spatial distribution of rainfall 22 on a linear highway are studied. Given the particularity of the expressway slope in the 23 mountainous area, the model parameter is modified, and the risk of soil loss along the mountain 24 expressway is simulated and predicted under 20and 1-year rainfall return periods. The following 25 results are obtained. (1) Natural watersheds can be considered for the prediction of slope soil 26 erosion to represent the actual situation of soil loss on each slope. Then, the spatial location of the 27 soil erosion unit can be determined. (2) Analysis of actual observation data shows that the overall 28 average absolute error of the monitoring area is 33.24 t·km·a, the overall average relative error 29 is 33.96% and the overall root mean square error is between 20.95 and 65.64, all of which are 30 within acceptable limits. The Nash efficiency coefficient is 0.67, indicating that the prediction 31 accuracy of the model satisfies the requirements. (3) Under the 1-year rainfall return period 32 condition, we find through risk classification that the percentage of prediction units with no risk of 33 erosion is 78%. The soil erosion risk is low and does not affect road traffic safety. Under the 2034 year return period rainfall condition, the percentage of units with high and extremely high risks is 35 7.11%. The prediction results can help adjust the design of water and soil conservation measures 36 for these units. 37

随着塔里木盆地超深层碳酸盐油气藏勘探工作的深入,在塔河外围斜坡区发现了断溶体油藏岩溶储层新类型.顺北1井区是中石化顺北油田主力产区,为典型断溶体油藏.该区先后经历一间房组顶面准同生岩溶作用、良里塔格组顺层-断裂控储岩溶作用、前志留系桑塔木组覆盖埋藏岩溶作用和海西晚期二叠系热液岩溶改造4个期次.其中对本区一间房组顶面以下80～120 m放空漏失段起控制作用的为良里塔格组顺层-断裂控储岩溶期.同时研究认为顺北1井区断溶体油藏发育的必要条件是发育区域大型走滑-拉分断裂,拉分段的杂乱反射体横向规模大,纵向发育深度深,是优质高产储集体;强挤压逆冲段杂乱反射呈夹板状,横向延展范围较窄,储集空间次之.

Many high and steep slopes are comprised of special topographic and geomorphic types and formed through mining activities during the construction of mountain expressways. Severe soil erosion may also occur under heavy rainfall conditions. Therefore, predicting soil loss on highway slopes is important in protecting infrastructure and human life. In this study, we investigate Xinhe Expressway located at the southern edge of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is used as the prediction model for soil and water loss on slopes. Geographic information systems, remote sensing technology, field surveys, run-off plot observation testing, cluster analysis and co-kriging calculations are also utilised. The partition of the prediction units of soil loss on the expressway slope in the mountainous area and the spatial distribution of rainfall on a linear highway are studied. Given the particularity of the expressway slope in the mountainous area, the model parameter is modified, and the risk of soil loss along the mountain expressway is simulated and predicted under 20- and 1-year rainfall return periods. The following results are obtained. (1) Natural watersheds can be considered for the prediction of slope soil erosion to represent the actual situation of soil loss on each slope. Then, the spatial location of the soil erosion unit can be determined. (2) Analysis of actual observation data shows that the overall average absolute error of the monitoring area is 0.39 t ha−1, the overall average relative error is 33.96 % and the overall root mean square error is between 0.21 and 0.66, all of which are within acceptable limits. The Nash efficiency coefficient is 0.67, indicating that the prediction accuracy of the model satisfies the requirements. (3) Under the 1-year rainfall return period condition, we find through risk classification that the percentage of prediction units with no risk of erosion is 78 %. The soil erosion risk is low and does not affect road traffic safety. Under the 20-year return period rainfall condition, the percentage of units with high and extremely high risks is 7.11 %. The prediction results can help adjust the design of water and soil conservation measures for these units.

Identifying contamination sources of environmental media and revealing their changing trends over time is useful for regional contamination control and environmental improvements. Four sediment cores (S1-S4) were collected from the Shima River to determine lead (Pb) concentrations, geochemical fractions and isotopic compositions, as well as the geochronology of core S3. The results show that Pb concentrations decreased from the upper and middle reach sites (means: 57.6, 95.9, and 97.6 mg kg(-1), respectively) to the lower reach site (43.8 mg kg(-1)), resulting in a minimal to moderate enrichment in the sediments; enrichment increased due to anthropogenic Pb inputs at the river middle reach site since the 1990s. Sediment Pb in the geochemical fractions followed a decreasing order of reducible (47.3%) > residual (37.8%) > oxidizable (11.2%) > acid-soluble fraction (3.68%), exhibiting high mobility, further verifying the anthropogenic inputs. A descending trend in the Pb-206/Pb-207 ratio of the top sediments was the result of anthropogenic activities. In the present study, coal combustion, which was the major anthropogenic Pb source determined by its isotopic composition, contributed significantly (means: 18.4-60.6%) to sediment Pb based on a three end-members model. Less of a contribution (0-10.6%) was derived from vehicle exhaust. The increasing trend in the coal contribution was in accordance with that of the coal consumption in the study area. These results suggest that Pb contamination resulting from coal combustion has grown to become a major environmental issue in the study area. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be involved in different types of cancer, including gastric cancer. Although altered lncRNAs profiles have been observed in or around gastric cancer tissues, the diagnostic value of circulating lncRNAs in gastric cancer remains unclear. In the present study, a number of highly expressed lncRNAs, including uc001lsz, GACAT2, ABHD11-AS1, GACAT3, SUMP1P3, CHET1, TUG1, SNHG12, GAS5, PVT1, LINC00152, HOTAIR, CCAT1, H19, HULC and ZNFX1-AS1, were investigated as potential minimally invasive biomarkers for this tumor. Preliminary screening experiments revealed that ZNFX1-AS1 and HULC were differentially expressed in the plasma of gastric cancer patients and healthy control subjects. The study further examined the relative expression of ZNFX1-AS1 and HULC in the plasma of 50 matching preoperative and postoperative patients, 50 gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients, 50 gastritis/peptic ulcer patients and 50 healthy control subjects through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The correlation of lncRNA relative expression with the general characteristics and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. It was observed that the levels of ZNFX1-AS1 and HULC in the plasma of preoperative patients were markedly higher compared with those in the plasma of GIST patients, gastritis/peptic ulcer patients and healthy control subjects, while no significant difference was detected among these three groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also conducted to distinguish gastric cancer patients from healthy control subjects. The area under the curve was 0.85 and 0.65 for ZNFX1-AS1 and HULC, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that the lncRNAs ZNFX1-AS1 and HULC are promising in the clinical diagnosis of gastric cancer.

In this paper, we study the soil CO2 concentration, soil respiration rate, dissolution rate and soil water content of different ecosystems in Luota, western Hunan Province, China, using the CO2 gas monitoring tube method, alkali absorption method, standard specimen method and drying method. The results show the following: the soil CO2 concentrations of the different depths have the same change trends in the forest and bush ecosystems. In spring, autumn and winter, the trends increase as the soil layer deepens, while in summer they first reduce and then increase as the soil layer deepens. However, the seasonal change dynamics differ slightly, and the soil CO2 concentrations of the forest ecosystem at the different depths and in the different seasons are greater than those of the bush ecosystem. From the perspective of comparing the full-year soil CO2 concentration, the full-year soil CO2 concentrations of the forest ecosystem at the depths of 10, 20 and 40 cm are, respectively, 1.66, 1.59 and 1.90 times those of the bush ecosystem. From the perspective of the soil respiration rates of the different seasons, the seasonal change trends of the forest and bush ecosystems are the same, both being summer > autumn > spring. The soil respiration rates of the forest ecosystem in the different seasons are higher than those of the bush ecosystem, and in spring, summer and autumn the respective soil respiration rates of the forest ecosystem are 2.09, 3.46 and 3.06 times those of the bush ecosystem. At the different depths, the dissolution rates have the same change trends in the forest and bush ecosystems, and the dissolution rates at the depth of 15 cm are both greater than those on the ground. At the same depth, the dissolution rate of the forest ecosystem is greater than that of the bush ecosystem, and the dissolution rates on the ground and at the depth of 15 cm are, respectively, 1.11 and 2.57 times those of the bush ecosystem. The soil water content of the forest ecosystem is 1.07 times of that of the bush ecosystem, and the soil water content stability of the forest ecosystem is higher, indicating that the forest ecosystem has a better karst effect.

中国南方古生界有利暗色页岩发育,但现页岩气勘探取得突破较少,主要原因是南方地质条件复杂,尤其是南方暗色页岩与碳酸盐岩间互发育,页岩气勘探开发面临复杂的碳酸盐岩地质问题.文章从国外勘探经验及近年来南方地区页岩气勘探实践中总结并详细分析了碳酸盐岩发育对页岩气成藏和开发控制的5大问题:(1)地表或近地表岩溶地质问题对开采的影响;(2)页岩目的层顶底板及其内部碳酸盐岩层对成藏和开采的影响;(3)页岩中碳酸盐类矿物含量对开采压裂的影响;(4)页岩层中天然裂缝被方解石充填对成藏的影响问题;(5)常规碳酸盐岩储层与非常规页岩共同成藏问题.建议在南方古生界开展页岩气勘探开发中,把碳酸盐岩本身储集成藏和碳酸盐岩对页岩气成藏、开采、钻井施工等的影响综合考虑,以总含油气系统的思路,综合选井,以促进南方古生界页岩气的勘探开发.

12 Many high and steep slopes are formed by special topographic and geomorphic types and 13 mining activities during the construction of mountain expressways. Severe soil erosion may also 14 occur under heavy rainfall conditions. Therefore, predicting soil and water loss on highway slopes 15 is important in protecting infrastructure and human life. In this study, we investigate Xinhe 16 Expressway located at the southern edge of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. The revised universal 17 soil loss equation is used as the prediction model for soil and water loss on slopes. Geographic 18 information systems, remote sensing technology, field surveys, runoff plot observation testing, 19 cluster analysis and co-kriging calculations are also utilised. The partition of the prediction units 20 of soil and water loss on the expressway slope in the mountainous area and the spatial distribution 21 of rainfall on a linear highway are studied. Given the particularity of the expressway slope in the 22 mountainous area, the model parameter is modified, and the risk of soil and water loss along the 23 mountain expressway is simulated and predicted under 20and 1-year rainfall return periods. The 24 following results are obtained. (1) Natural watersheds can be considered for the prediction of 25 slope soil erosion to represent the actual situation of soil and water loss on each slope. Then, the 26 spatial location of the soil erosion unit can be determined. (2) Analysis of actual observation data 27 shows that the overall average absolute error of the monitoring area is 33.24 t·km·a, the overall 28 average relative error is 33.96% and the overall root mean square error is between 20.95 and 65.64, 29 all of which are within acceptable limits. The Nash efficiency coefficient is 0.67, indicating that 30 the prediction accuracy of the model satisfies the requirements. (3) Under the 1-year rainfall 31 condition, we find through risk classification that the percentage of prediction units with no risk of 32 erosion is 78%. The soil erosion risk is low and does not affect road traffic safety. Under the 2033 year rainfall condition, the percentage of units with high and extremely high risks is 7.11%. The 34 prediction results can help adjust the design of water and soil conservation measures for these 35