热量限制(caloric restriction,CR)在很多物种中能够改善健康和延缓衰老,近年来的许多研究发现,热量限制可以减少多种与年龄相关性疾病的发生,但至今热量限制延缓衰老的机制尚未十分清楚.最近有研究表明,热量限制延缓衰老的机制可能与营养调控、生殖滞育等过程有密切的关系,SIRT1、PGC-1α、AMPK、TOR等信号因子也因其在热量限制和营养调控延缓衰老的机制研究中的重要作用而受到极大的关注.

Many studies showed that calorie restriction could extend the lifespan in numerous species.Results in these reports suggested that the extension of lifespan was related to oxidative stress and inflammatory process.It was noticed that calorie restriction to regulate oxidative stress were closely related to many molecular processes,such as the regulation of lipid metabolism,the inhibition of cell apoptosis,and the protection from DNA damages.Recently,researchers have discovered that the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway might play an important role in calorie restriction under oxidative stress and the modulation of inflammatory responses.Since calorie restriction to extend the lifespan was shown in animal models,its relevance to human health became a concern of interest.In this review,recent proceedings on the mechanism of calorie restriction regulation will be presented.

Recently, many researches have indicated that cells possess their ability to regulate a number of genes in response to hypoxia. As a result, alternative splicing of many expressed genes is altered, which plays an important role in hypoxia response. Moreover, hypoxia response signaling pathways mediated by hypoxia inducible factors are essential in the progress of body adaption to hypoxia condition, thereby regulating erythropoietin, revascularization, glycolysis, and other processes. On the other hand, many alternative splicing factors and proteins, including hypoxia inducible factor, inhibitory PAS protein, prolyl hydroxylase, vascular endothelial growth factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, are also subject to other regulatory pathways. Alternative splicing not only plays important roles in hypoxia, but also relates to many common human diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer.